ECON 343 European Economic History The Industrial Revolution John Lovett Exam 3 Code Name: In 28 we cover Perry et al instead. Objective Section: 7 pts, 2.5 points each unless noted. ( points This is just an example). Assume the country of Examplestan is initially at point as shown on the chart at right. Next, for whatever, reason, the living standards and population change over the next few generations so as to trace out a smiley face with glasses. Indicate what happens over the next several generations, on the chart at right. is generation, is gen 2, etc. Some of the readings, & therefore material, changed from 27 to 28. In 27, the early textile industrial revolution & machines were discussed. $,6 $,4 $,2 $, $2.2 2 3 8 4. 7.2 6 5.4.6.8 2.. (3 points) Assume the country of Malthusia is experiencing a Malthusian Relationship. Malthusia is initially at point as shown on the chart at right. Next, there is a one-time decrease in population as several, people are abducted by aliens. This abduction is a one-time event. $,6 $,4 $,2 $, Indicate what happens, over the next several generations, on the chart at right. is generation, is gen 2, etc. $2.2..2.4.6.8 2. 2. (3 points) Assume the country of Rev-Thom is experiencing a Malthusian Relationship. Rev- Thom is initially at point as shown on the chart at right. $,6 $,4 $,2 Next, there is a one-time improvement in technology. This new technology means more output from the same inputs as before. Indicate what happens, over the next several generations, on the chart at right. is generation, is gen 2, etc. $, $2.2..2.4.6.8 2.
ECON 343 European Economic History The Industrial Revolution John Lovett 3. (3 points) Assume the country of Modernia is, as you might guess, is experiencing modernity as defined by this course. Modernia is initially at point as shown on the chart at right. Don t forget, Modernia is experiencing modernity as defined by this course. Indicate what happens in Modernia, over the next several generations, on the chart at right. is generation, is generation 2, etc. $,6 $,4 $,2 $, $2.2..2.4.6.8 2. 4. What was true about Asian birth patterns, around the year 4, according to Clark? a. Rich Asian families have significantly more babies than poor Asian families. b. Rich Asian families would have slightly more babies than poor Asian families. c. Rich Asian families would have slightly fewer babies than poor Asian families. d. Rich Asian families have significantly fewer babies than poor Asian families. 5. What was true about Western European birth patterns, ca 4, according to Clark? a. Rich W. European families have significantly more babies than poor W. European families. b. Rich W. European families would have slightly more babies than poor W. European families. c. Rich W. European families would have slightly fewer babies than poor W. European families. d. Rich W. European families have significantly fewer babies than poor W. European families. 6. How did the answers to # s 4 and 5 affect Europe and China s growth, according to Clark? a. In Asia, the wealthy families could keep their family empires together. This was one area in which China actually had an advantage over Europe. b. In Europe, the rich s wealth and talent would be trickle down, i.e. be redistributed toward the middle of society, rather than remaining permanently among a few elite. c. In Asia there was a lack of cheap, unskilled, labor. This meant that Asia relied on skilled craftsmen a. b. rather. The Mongols and had introduced little need horses to invent to industrial Europe. machines. 7. How does Persson explain the decrease in Western European after (about) 86? According to Persson, European birth rates fell because: a. increased urbanization meant poorer nutrition for most families. Fertility rates dropped largely because of declining maternal health. b. science had discovered the fertility cycle. Once this knowledge became widespread, families could more easily plan the number of kids they had. c. higher survival rates meant a family only needed to have a few kids to ensure they would have offspring survive to become the next generation. Europeans shifted from a strategy of having lots of kids but not providing much care for each one, to strategy of fewer kids and more care. d. Malthus doctrine of the dangers of rapid population growth became mainstream. Large families were now seen as primitive and uncultured. 2
ECON 343 European Economic History The Industrial Revolution John Lovett 8. Which part of the textile manufacturing process was automated first? a. printing patterns on cloth d. spinning the fibers b. cleaning the fibers e. weaving the fibers c. combing/carding the fibers f. sewing the fabric together 9. (3 pt) What powered the early (ca 76 s) inventions in the textile industry? Pick 2 (check 2) items that were used to power these early machines? wheels/drums turned by horses coal fired steam engines hand power gasoline internal combustion engines water wheels electricity. According to our lecture, which area on the graph at right best illustrates where the ideal for a government? Legal Restraints on Government Lots of limits. The govt. has to get some sort of approval before it can affect people s property or liberties. No Limits. If the government want to change the laws, little to nothing prevents it from doing so. a. b. c. d. e. f. Not very effective. The govt. generally lacks the ability to make changes, enforce laws, etc. Moderately effective. The govt. can do most of what it decides to do but not everything. Government Effectiveness Very effective. The govt. can make do what it decides to do, enforce laws, etc.. The Spinning Jenny: a. used a fundamentally different process than hand spinning. b. basically imitated the older hand spinning process. c. often got really dizzy and had to rest. 2. What does Clark argue is true of Western Europe relative to China (and most of Asia)? a. Europe s birthrates were, on average, lower than Asia s. Rich Europeans had higher birthrates. b. Europe s birthrates were, on average, higher than Asia s. Rich Europeans had higher birthrates. c. Europe s birthrates were, on average, lower than Asia s. Rich Europeans had lower birthrates. d. Europe s birthrates were, on average, higher than Asia s. Rich Europeans had lower birthrates. 3. How did # 2, above, according to Clark, affect economic development? a. Talent, human capital (ex. literacy), and wealth became more widely distributed in Western Europe than in Asia. b. The rich in Europe had a harder time using families to keep large enterprises together. Europeans, in response, invented Joint Stock Companies. c. Rich Europeans could easily use their families to keep large enterprises together. This meant Europe could more easily achieve the economies of scale that industrialization offered. d. Overall, labor was scarcer in Europe providing Europe with an incentive to industrialize. Europe, however, had plenty of low skill workers to operate its machines and factories. 3
ECON 343 European Economic History John Lovett 4. Once the Spinning Jenny & Water Frame were adopted, output per worker hour in spinning: a. remained roughly the same. Now, however, less skilled and much cheaper labor could be used. b. increased by about 5%. Output per worker was about.5 what is was before. c. increased by about %. Output per worker was about 2 what is was before. d. was about 5 what is was before. e. was about 5 what is was before. # s 5 6: The graphs at right show Britain s GDP/capita (top chart) and Britain s populations from 34 to 64. a. 5. (3 pt) Which line best matches what happened to Britain s Real GDP/capita over this period? b. c. d. 6. (3 pt) Which line best matches what happened to Britain s population over this period? a. b. c. d. 7. Which process was being done in the first real factory? a. Cast iron and steel was being produced from iron ore. b. Cotton thread was being woven into cloth. c. Seeds were being removed from raw cotton. d. Cotton was being spun into thread. 8. Which of the following a reason to build a factory according to the film; Pants For All? a. to protect and keep secret the equipment inside the factory b. Royalist forces during the Civil War tended to burn houses but left larger structures alone. c. Parents thought factories would provide their children better learning than working at home. d. Taxes were based on what an individual produced, but not what their workers produced. 4
ECON 343 European Economic History John Lovett 9. Which of the following is another reason early factories were first built? a. New inventions greatly increased efficiency, but also required very large scale production. b. The invention of coal fired kilns meant the price of bricks fell to about 25% of their former cost. c. In the late 7 s, inventors learned to mount water wheels vertically rather than horizontally. d. The British military found it easier to procure supplies from large suppliers. 2. What is the name of the machine at right? 2. What is this machine making or doing? Be as specific as possible? 22. What is the name of circled part(s)? 23. Which of the following best describe the putting out system? a. a system in which an individual merchant would buy large quantities of wool, then pay many individual spinners to spin the wool in their own homes. The merchant would then pay many individual weavers to make the spun thread into cloth, etc. b. a system in which raw wool is dyed before being made into thread and cloth. Once the wool was made into cloth, a bleach was applied to put out the color and leave a pattern. c. a system in which England produced wool, but all England did was wash it. The raw wool was shipped to the Netherlands where it was made into thread and cloth. d. a tax system in which each sale of wool, spun thread, and cloth were taxed. This tax encouraged people to undertake all the steps in producing cloth themselves in order to avoid the tax. 24. When was Magna Carta? a. 74 CE c. 25 CE b. 66 CE d. 57 CE e. 66 CE f. 757 CE g. 85 CE h. 865 CE 25. What did Magna Carta do? Magna Carta: a. put restrictions on what the king could do. It guaranteed many rights of nobles (i.e. barons). b. put restrictions on what the king could do. It guaranteed many rights of poor peasants. c. gave Parliament control over all taxes. Parliament voted on all taxes. d. gave all adult Englishmen (but not women) the right to vote and elect members of Parliament. 26. Compared to the England: a. what would become the U.S. (the British 3 colonies) had a much greater Malthusian problem. The U.S. lacked labor thereby giving the U.S. a much lower iron wage. b. what would become the U.S. (the British 3 colonies) had little to no Malthusian problem. U.S. living standards were not limited by lack of land. c. what would become the United States (the British 3 colonies) transitioned to a post-malthusian world very early. U.S. birth rates fell to modern levels a century before English birthrates did. d. what would become the United States (the British 3 colonies) transitioned to a post-malthusian world very late. U.S. birth rates did not fall to modern levels until around 97. 5
ECON 343 European Economic History John Lovett Essay: 3 points. Answer of the following 2 essays. In what way were the machines invented in the early Industrial Revolution revolutionary? In what ways were these machines more evolutionary? Discuss the machines themselves, what powered them, and the production system in which they were used. 2. Explain how the Black Death and plague might have affected Western Europe according to one who strongly believes that Western Europe was in a Malthusian relationship prior to about (7). Use at least two graphs, similar to those we used in class, to illustrate your arguments. One graph should show birth and death rates on the vertical axis. Shift at least one of the curves to show how the Black Death affected living standards. For the other graph or graphs well figure something out. 6