Standards: SS8H7 and SS8H8 EQ: What problems did Georgia face prior to the start of World War I?
The New South was ending. Georgia has recovered economically. Racial Tension is very strong. But in other parts of the world, they are facing DISASTER!!! World War I was the greatest war ever fought in human history up to that point. So large and disastrous that it was often called the war to end all wars. Major Sides: The Central Powers VS. The Allied Powers. But it grew into a global war between 32 countries. At first, The United States was able to stay out of the war and maintain a policy of neutrality until 1917 U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was elected by promising to keep American out of World War I
1. Assassinated Leader- The spark for war Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist while touring his empire. Austria- Hungary declared war on Serbia 2. The Zimmerman Telegram A secret telegram from Germany to Mexico was discovered. In it, Germany pledged to help Mexico regain the reconquista in exchange for Mexican support in WWI 3. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare By the middle of the war, Germany enacted a policy that stated that any ship, even ships from neutral countries, found in the waters of hostile nations would be attacked!!! (They were trying to be bullies and make the neutral countries join) 4. The Sinking of the Lusitania In May 1915, a German submarine sunk a British passenger ship, the Lusitania, killing hundreds of civilians, including 128 Americans. Several American ships were sunk from February & March 1917.
The United States had had enough. In 1917, we entered the war as an ally of France and Britain. Georgian s made many contributions to World War I: 1. Close to 100,000 Georgians served in the Armed Forces 2. Commercial canning plants to process canned peaches and sweet potatoes were opened (boosting GA s farmers and industry) 3. Meat packing plants were opened in Moultrie, Atlanta, Augusta, and Savannah 4. In 1917, a camp was opened in Ft. Oglethorpe to hold German Prisoners of War Camp 5. General Hospital #6 at Ft. McPherson treated over 10,000 wounded soldiers from 1917-1919.
WWI was the first war to use tanks, airplanes, submarines, and chemical warfare The death toll on both sides of the conflict is estimated at 10 million The Allies (Britain, France, and the U.S.) were victorious, forcing the Germans to sign an armistice (an agreement to suspend all tension). The treaty ending the war, the Treaty of Versailles, was extremely harsh on Germany
Life in US after World War I was good 1920 19 th Amendment gave women the right to vote and more women began to enter the workforce. Jazz became popular forms of music More modern conveniences freed women from household chores Electricity became more available Other inventions included gas stoves, toasters, sliced bread, baby food Radio: WSB started in Atlanta 1927: first talking motion picture Walt Disney creates Mickey Mouse Charles Lindbergh makes first ever nonstop flight from New York to Paris, France
Boll Weevil The boll weevil is a destructive insect that laid its eggs in cotton plants. As the larvae matures, it devours the cotton bolls. The insect was first swept into GA in 1915 in dust clouds from the west. By the early 1920s, it had destroyed nearly 2/3 of Georgia s cotton crops. Insecticides couldn t kill boll weevils. The 1920s Drought: Soon after the boll weevil crisis, a severe drought struck Georgia and the entire southeastern from 1924-1927. The 1920s drought was the worst drought in Georgia history on record. The year 1925 was the year you could walk across the Chattahoochee River. The Great Migration of Farmers: The boll weevil catastrophe, the great 1920s drought, and the rising cost of farm equipment made it difficult for many farmers to survive. In the late 1920s, The Great Migration is when many farmers began to leave the farm and move to the city to find work. Farms closed forcing banks and farm-related business to close No Slaves -> New South -> Boll Weevil -> The 1920 s Drought-> The Great Migration
Let me tell ya a story about a boll weevil Now, some of you may not know But a boll weevil is an insect And he's found mostly where cotton grows Now, where he comes from, hm, nobody really knows But this is the way the story goes And the boll weevil called the farmer, 'n' he said "Ya better sell your old machines 'Cause when I'm through with your cotton Heh, you can't even buy gasoline "Stake me a home, gotta have a home The farmer said to the boll weevil "I see you're on the square" Boll weevil said to the farmer "Say yep, my whole darn family's here" The farmer said to the boll weevil "Say, why do you pick my farm" The weevil just laughed at the farmer 'n' said "We ain't gonna do ya much harm" Ho-o-o-o-o,-o-o-o, -o-o-o, o-o-ome" And the boll weevil spotted a lightning bug. He said "Hey, I'd like to make a trade with you But, ya see if I was a lightning bug I'd search the whole night through"
Name: 1.What is the topic of the poem? 2. What problems are caused in the song by the boll weevil? 3. What is the setting of this poem? 4. By reading these lyrics, do you think the boll weevil had a positive or negative impact? Give examples 5.From what point of view was the singer speaking? 6. Give 2 examples from the lyrics of how the boll weevil has taken control of the farmer s life.
How did the boll weevil impact Georgia s economy? What were three improvements in the everyday lives of Americans during this time period? What else besides the boll weevil made life for farmers hard in Georgia? Why did most farmers move away?
Contributions made by Georgia to WWI Identify Boll Weevil, Drought, Great Migration Impact of Boll Weevil, Drought, Great Migration
Financially, Georgia was struggling. Now the rest of America was struggling financially. The Great Depression was the longest period of high unemployment and low economic activity in modern history. The stock market crash of 1929 triggered the collapse of banks, the failure of businesses, and the start of the Great Depression. By 1932, ¼ of all Americans were unemployed, and already struggling farm incomes dropped by 50%.
Black Tuesday Credit System & Consumerism Loaning Money To Other Countries Speculation in the stock market laissez-faire Over Production Run On Banks October 29, 1929: Stock market prices fall greatly; millions of people loose all their wealth. Some stocks worth less than 1 Workers, being paid low wages, bought on credit they couldn t repay. Many people had borrowed too much money. People just buying things The U.S. loaned money to struggling European nations after World War 1, but placed high tariffs on European goods, making it difficult for them to repay the loans paying only a portion of the price of a stock hoping that the value will go up attitude that the economy would fix itself if left alone Factories produced more goods than they could sell Everyone withdrew their money from the bank because it was not insured. People were afraid they would lose their money if it was left in the bank
1932: 13 million unemployed 9,000 banks closed 31 Georgia banks failed Hoovervilles: named for President Hoover shacks where homeless people gathered Soup kitchens set up by charities and governments to feed hungry Schools were often forced to close or shorten schedules Georgians were already suffering from economic problems before Black Tuesday
American s turned to the leadership of Franklin Delano Roosevelt to end the Great Depression and return America to economic prosperity. Because Herbert Hoover was U.S. President when the Great Depression began, many in the nation blamed him for the nation s hardships. Hoover felt like the Depression would fix itself and the government should not get involved. Franklin Delano Roosevelt promised to act immediately and to use all of the government s resources to end the hardships. FDR s program to end the Great Depression was called the New Deal. 32 nd President for 4 terms (1933-1945) FDR is the only President to have been elected to more than two terms. He was elected to four!!!
Four of FDR s New Deal programs had particularly significant impact on Georgia: 1. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) This agency was created to put young men to work in projects aimed at conserving the nation s natural resources (soil conservation, tree planting, improving national parks, etc.) CCC improved Kennesaw Mt. National Battlefield, Cloudland Canyon State Park, and helped to construct the Appalachian Trail. # of blacks in program was low. 2. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Because many agricultural products had been overproduced (including cotton and peanuts), the AAA was passed to pay farmers subsidies in order to not grow certain products, restrict supply, and drive prices up. Caused GA to be # 1 in poultry (chicken) and peaches.
Four of FDR s New Deal programs had particularly significant impact on Georgia: 3. Rural Electrification In 1935, only 3% of Georgia s farms had power. The Rural Electrification Administration offered low-interest loans to organizations to build power lines in rural areas. By 1950, over 90% of GA farms had electricity. 4. Social Security The Social Security Act created insurance for elderly, unemployed, and disabled people through contributions made by employees and their employers.
President Franklin Roosevelt s greatest political rival in the state of Georgia was Eugene Talmadge, a powerful, colorful, and controversial figure in Georgia politics from 1926-1946. Eugene Talmadge Considered to be a racist bully Did not like New Deal programs in Georgia Elected Governor of GA in 1932 and 1934. Outspoken critic of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal programs in Georgia. Farmers backed Talmadge passionately, and he fought for farmer s issues througout his entire career. As governor, Talmadge resisted efforts to give more civil rights to African- Americans UGA lost its accreditation when Talmadge forced the University to dismiss two faculty members who favored integrating the school. Talmadge lost relection to Ed Rivers but was re-elected in 1940 Began to use some New Deal programs Used his power as governor to remove state officials working to integrate Georgia s state colleges Worked with poor dirt farmers Favored rural county voters
Roosevelt had a very close relationship to Georgia : President Roosevelt visited Georgia often at his Little White House in Warm Springs His polio symptoms were eased in the mineral springs April 24, 1945: President Roosevelt died at Warm Springs Millions of Georgians and Americans mourned Vice President Harry Truman became president
Homework for This Week Quadrants Due Tuesday Test Corrections Due Wednesday (Not Everyone) Reading Quiz on Thursday (Page 410-415)
Homework for This Week Quadrants Due Tuesday Test Corrections Due Wednesday (Not Everyone) Reading Quiz on Thursday (Page 410-415)
Increasing Tensions Dictator: individual who ruled a country through military strength Country Leader Quick Facts Japan Emperor Hirohito Attacked China seeking raw materials Italy Mussolini Attacked Ethiopia and Albania Germany Adolf Hitler Nazi leader; began rebuilding military forces, persecuting Jews, and silencing opponents Soviet Union Josef Stalin Built up industry and military, forced peasants into collective farms, eliminated opponents
World War II Begins 1938: Hitler s Germany attacks Rhineland, an area between France and Germany to take back land lost in WWI Great Britain and France declared war Soviet Union invaded nearby countries and agreed to split Poland with Germany By 1940, Hitler controlled Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing Great Britain
A Neutral United States Most Americans did not want to get involved in the war, but Roosevelt wanted to help Britain Lend-lease: policy to lend or lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the Soviet Union American ships began escorting British ships in convoys
Definition: Picture: Definition: Picture: Not Taking part in the affairs of other nations A policy of giving an aggressor what it wants in order to avoid war. Example: Term: Example: Term: America did not want to get involved with World War II. Isolationism Hitler was able to take over Sudentenland because Germany and France agreed for him to have it. Appeasement It s like being on the playground and people are fighting over the swings. You have the bullies and then you have the kid that wants to ignore it and not get involved in the situation
A Day that Will Live in Infamy President Roosevelt stopped exports to Japan to protest its expansion into other countries Exports of oil, airplanes, aviation gasoline and metals were stopped The Japanese attacked the U.S. Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them control of the Pacific Ocean The USA declared war on Japan Allied Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
3-2-1 List THREE areas that were attacked and controlled by Hitler at the start of WWII ist the TWO Countries that America assisted during WWII and list TWO ways on how they helped those countries. What was the ONE major event that finally led to the United States entering WWII?
American Military Forces Millions of Americans enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor 330,000 women joined could not serve in combat roles Segregation in the military kept African American and white service men in different units Tuskegee Airmen: famous African American flyers of the Army Air Force After the war, women and African Americans did not want to go back to the kind of life they had before the war
The Holocaust The Holocaust: name given to the Nazi plan to kill all Jewish people Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen infamous concentration camps where Jews and others were executed 6 million people killed in the Holocaust
Below are three major groups that were significant and played an important role during World War II. List two ways for each group on how they impacted World War II or how they were effected. Women in America Jews African- Americans
The War in the Pacific President Truman authorized the use of atomic bombs to force Japan s surrender Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (between 70,000 and 100,000 people died) Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki (killed approximately 40,000 people and injured 40,000 additional people) August 15, 1945 Japan surrenders ending WWII Over 50 million people died in the war
Richard Russell and Carl Vinson Richard Russell US Senator from GA; worked to bring over a dozen military bases to GA. These military bases helped to bring jobs and resources to the state. Carl Vinson US Representative from GA; helped to build the US Navy in the years leading up to World War II. Supported Lend-Lease. Vinson wrote many bills that expanded the US Navy and helped to supply our allies during the Lend-Lease Act and to overcome the damages of Pearl Harbor. Many of the ships were built at the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards.
Give us your Two Cents!!! 1. Describe the relationship between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Warm Springs 2. Who was Richard Russell? Why was he important? Who was Carl Vinson? Why was he important?
Georgia During World War II 320,000 Georgians joined the armed forces over 7,000 killed Military bases (such as Fort Benning) were built in the state which improved the economy Farmers grew needed crops income tripled for the average farmer Limits were put on the consumption of goods such as gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar (rationing) Students were encouraged to buy war bonds and defense stamps to pay for the war POW (prisoner of war) camps were made in Georgia at some military bases Brunswick and Savannah Shipyards supplied ships for the US Navy and Bell Aircraft helped to create planes.
Add in Your Notes Liberty Ships (built in Savannah & Brunswick) Bell Air Craft Plants (in Marietta, GA) MAJOR CONTRIBUTATIONS TO WWII