Period 5 By Coryelle, Javian, Kayla, Janna, Loni, and Mary Lib
Bookends: Start Industrial Revolution Socialism/Communism
Bookends: Start Colonialism Enlightenment Thinkers Declaration of Independence
Social Timeline 1789- The bourgeoisie started to rise in France 1850- Hong Xiuquan and his followers try to drive the Manchus out of China. 1804- The racial groups were divided 3 ways in Haiti. Whites, Gens de coleur and Africans. 1850-1901 Women maintained domestic roles in the home to keep order there. 1857- Muslim and Hindus were divided in Sepoy.
Political Timeline 1776- The US conjure the Declaration of Independence 1804-Haiti becomes the 2nd independent country in the Western hemispheres. 1834Slavery is abolished in Britain 1895-1898 The Cubans revolt against the Spanish 1861-Serfdom is abolished in Russia
Religious Timeline 1700s- Religious conservatives led to the downfall of the Ottoman Empire Late 1700s1800s British imperialists try to westernize Indian beliefs 1857- Muslim and Hindus fight in Sepoy Rebellion 1906- All-India Muslim League was founded in India 1861- Italy unifies as a country against the pope's orders
Intellectual Timeline Late 1700sPopular sovereignty is introduced by John Locke. 1776- Laissez faire is introduced by Adam Smith 1800sEnlightenment Movement is started in Italy 1800s- Utopian socialism is introduced by Charles Fourier Late 1800s-1900s Social Darwinism is applied during the scramble for Africa
Technology Timeline 1764- The spinning jenny is invented Early 1800sThe Industrial Revolution begins 1829- The first steam powered locomotive is invented 1876Alexander Graham Bell placed the first telephone call 1870- Major railroad construction starts
Economic Timeline 1774- Louis XVI caused an economic crisis in France which was a factor in the French Revolution. 1776- Britain had a mercantile policy on the US 1819- Britain increasing opium trading amounts which led to the Opium wars Late 1700s- India changes from an agricultural based society to an industrial based. 1853- Matthew Perry demands for Japan to open their trade to foreigners 1869- The Suez canal (a pathway from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea) is created
Geographical Snapshots: Europe
Europe Socially: In the beginning of Politically: In the beginning of the period The French Revolution occurs because of the social and economic injustices of the Old Regime. In the Industrial Revolution workers start to riot and strike for rights. When Karl Marx comes up with the Communist Manifesto, he wants everyone to work equally. Increase in population and drop in death rates. Urbanization happen in which cities invade the countryside because of railroads and industries. Had Victorian Age where men spent time at work & clubs while women spent time in the home. the period The Declaration of The Rights of Man & Citizens was written. Laissez Faire "Let them do", Smith argued for the government to refrain from business except to protect private property and allow free duty trade with other countries. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels creates Communism and wants government to have all control & no private ownership.imperialism comes since there was a increase in industrial production, states seeked new consumer markets.
Europe Religiously: Most Europeans were under either catholic or protestant belief. Then antisemitism rises but Christianity stays as the main religion. Intellectually: Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu applied methods and questions of the Scientific Revolution.Marx and Engels with Communism and Smith with laissez faire.
Europe Technologically: Around Economically: The the time of the Industrial Revolution the Jenny, Cotton Mill, Steam Engine, and Railroads were invented. Later, the telegraph was invented which laid across the Atlantic to West Africa as well as electricity. Chemical Industry grew and manufactured on a large scale. There were also new innovations in medicine that allowed for the takeover of africa. These advances improved infrastructure and made agriculture more efficient. Industrial Revolution increased production and there was a growth in trade. It also increased mass consumerism and expanded the working middle class. Europe dominated the world in trade, sometimes due to forcefully made unfair trade agreements. Imperialism and Colonialism were very economically beneficial due to the practice of mercantilism. Labor unions and revolts/revolutions led to labor regulations and more fair labor practices.
Geographical Snapshots:The Americas
The Americas Socially: Socially people were migrating into the cities for better job opportunities and to escape poverty. Many South Americans were of mixed race and all of the Americas was very diverse Politically: Most countries in South America were European colonies until the late 1700's- early 1800's. Afterwards, Latin America was organized into many smaller states. Canada got its independence in the late 1800s and The United States got its in the late 1700s.
The Americas Religiously: Intellectually: The major religion during this period was Christianity. Latin America and Quebec were mainly Catholic, while The United States and the rest of Canada were mainly Protestant Intellectually, the America's based their constitutions off of Enlightenment thinkers.
The Americas Technologically: Economically: At this time in the America's was the Industrial Revolution. This lead to the invention of the sewing machine, the telephone for better communication, and the first car and railroads for faster traveling. Engaged in triangular trade, America's traded agricultural goods for slaves (later, slavery was stopped), who then produced more goods for trade. South America and central america had silver and copper mines. While South America's economy was subservient to Europe, The United States' was not and both were fairly stable.
Comparative Chart North America Asia Migration continued from Europe and from Asia Abolition of slavery Women s rights activists Population growth soared Migration of workers to US (China and Japan) Large Western influence Political New Enlightenment philosophies, unfair government led to American Revolution Spanish American War Decline of Qing China (Manchus) Emergence of Socialism/Marxism in Russia Religion As a result of the diverse population, religions were a mix from across the world. No specific religion, but continued influence of Buddhist and Confucian ideas/ beliefs. Social
Comparative Chart North America Intellectual Technological Economic Asia Education became more advanced; Interest in science and art New Enlightenment ideas and philosophers More focused on industrializing; intellectual advances didn't start until later Amidst the Industrial Revolution New technology, mass production Industrialization- China/Japan later Japanese entrance into world trade China- Opium trade, opposed to foreign influence Prospering economy through Industrialization End plantation based economies Helped by Industrialization Western influence with trade and economy
Analysis for Comparative Chart Similarities Dependence on agriculture was ingrained in their history Prospering economy as result from industrialization quick, easier production; more profit transportation advances, electricity Differences Asia less focused on intellect just started industrialization whereas North America had already begun Heavy influence from Western culture European ideas had major impact in Asia, Japan specifically; US had just split from England
Continuity and Change over Time: Europe- Social Features at Start -Very small working middle class (mostly artisans) -mostly rural society (some urban, but not much) Continuities -Few women's rights -Classes based on birth and monetary status (not race) -Europeans considered themselves innately superior Changes -Expansion of a working middle class -more social freedoms were given -urbanization occurred Features at End -A politically active urban working class was present in all European countries -slavery was outlawed -Scientific racism was prevalent Reasons -Industrial revolution led to a working class (in cities) -Revolutions, revolts, and strikes (fueled by Enlightenment ideas) occur -Social Darwinism and Scientific Racism increase belief in European superiority
Continuity and Change over Time: Europe-Political Features at Start -monocratic and imperialistic (had colonies in the Americas -politically dispersed (disunified Germany & Italy) & there were wars between nations Continuities -monocratic government (some constitutional) -Europe is politically dominant -European countries practiced imperialism and colonialism Changes -New political ideologies came about -collective political organizations were formed -internal revolts and rebellions became more frequent -nationalism increased and unification of ethnically alike people occured Features at End -The Russian Revolution was occurring, unions had gained many workers rights & Communism was on the rise -Germany and Italy were unified --the Scramble for Africa was occurring Reasons -Technological superiority allowed for colonialism and superiority -workers form unions, gaining political and labor rights -Marx, Engles, and Smith created new political ideologies -realization of a common culture led to nationalism which, in turn, led to unification of states
Continuity and Change over Time: Europe-Religious Features at Start -Genocide & wipeout of culture of pagan South Americans -The Church is a dominant political and economic force -Enlightenment thinkers called for freedom of religion Continuities -missionaries spread Christianity throughout the world -Europe was very religious (either protestant or Catholic) -The church was a powerful political force Changes -Anti-semitism arose -The power of the Church declined -religious freedom was pushed for Features at End -Italy was unified against the will of the Roman Catholic Church -The vast majority of the population was Christian Reasons -Christianity (main European Religion) is a universalizing religion -Philosophies and Ideologies partially replace religion (communism is areligious) -Enlightenment ideas fueled rebellions
Continuity and Change over Time: Europe-Intellectual Features at Start -Enlightenment thinkers come up with ideas of basic human rights (life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness, religious freedom, self-government) Continuities -Enlightenment ideals were pushed for ~self government, freedom of religion and speech Changes -new ideologies were made and pushed for (Communism, Socailism, Laissez Faire Capitalism) Features at end -Russian Revolution pushes for more liberal labor regulations (ends up leading to communism) Reasons -Enlightenment ideals fuel revolutions, so revolutions push for enlightenment ideals -Marx, Engles, and Smith come up with new political ideologies
Continuity and Change over Time: Europe-Technological Features at Start -Europe is able to begin and enforce political and economic power on the rest of the world due to superior technology Continuities -Europe was technologically dominate Changes -The Industrial Revolution occurred -New innovations in engineering, medicine, transportation and industry occurred -Technology made agriculture more efficient Features at End -Europe industrialized ~has better infrastructure and medicine (not less sickness, however) -produces more food Reasons -Europe originally had better technology (disparity increased due to industrial revolution) -Inventors produce a technology which increases efficiency (in all of society) helping out industry and making businessmen support current technology and push for more inventions
Continuity and Change over Time: Europe-Economic Features at Start -slavery and slave trade are profitable and prevalent -Europe is not economically well off due to wars and had a trade deficit with China Continuities -Europe was economically dominate due to exploiting colonies and other areas economically Changes -big buisness replaces cottage industries and mass consumption increased -economic stability & dominance increased and unions are created, leading to labor reforms -slavery was abolished and replaced by indentured servitude Features at End -China, India, Africa, and Latin America are economically subordinate to Europe -Labor regulations/reforms are found in most European Countries due to pressure from unions -Indentured servitude replaced slavery -big business fuels mass consumer society Reasons -Superior weaponry fueled economic dominance -The harsh conditions of industry led to the creation of unions with led to more revolts/strikes which led to labor reform -slavery became less profitable (industry, not agriculture is profitable) & slaves revolt leading to the end of slavery/the slave trade, which led to an increase in indentured servitude -The industrial Revolution made big business more profitable & efficient than cottage industries leading to an increase in the affordability of items which leads to mass consumerism (middle class buys many-mass produced- things)
Bookends:End Scramble for Africa Imperialism
Bookends:End Opium War Global Migration Stock Market (and growth of the economy)