Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain???? Read textbook pages 612-615. Write a paragraph explaining why the industrial revolution began in Great Britain. Please include something about natural resources, merchants, and capital.
Began in Europe- specifically Great Britain Caused rapid social and economic change Introduced Mass Production- large scale production of goods Used new sources of power Agricultural society changed to an industrial society
Began in the 1750s Geographical Advantages- many harbors, rivers. Natural Resources-coal Island- protected from invasion close to European Markets Large Colonial Empire- many colonies bring in raw materials Transportation and Communication- coastal trade, canals, port towns, postal service, newspapers, most powerful navy Agricultural Revolution- Farmers introduced new technology to boost production. Fewer people were needed to work on farms
Steam engines used to power locomotives Unified the economy by linking regions together Stimulated the growth of industry
The Industrial Revolution led to the creation of New Social Class Structure Upper Class: Very rich industrial & business families. Old Noble class. Upper Middle Class: Business people & professionals such as, lawyers & doctors. Lower Middle Class: Other professionals such as, teachers, shop owners, and office workers. Working Class: Factory workers and small farmers.
1764- The Spinning Jenny Allowed large quantities of thread to be made quickly 1769-The Steam Engine Made steam power available for mechanical purposes
Factory owners grew very rich Lives of workers grew worse Dangerous working conditions Long hours Low pay
Movement of people from the country to the cities Large population shift Cities crowded and dirty
Entrepreneur- owned the factories, provided places to work, raw materials, machines Worker-provided labor, received wages Government-laissez faire-government would not interfere in business
Reform Bill of 1832- gave greater representation in Parliament to new towns and extended voting rights to the middle class
Thomas Malthuspredicted that population would out grow the food supply Ricardo s Iron Law of Wages - continual poverty would lead the lower class to increased competition for work. Sadler Report of 1833- discussed the working conditions in factories and mines
Child Labor laws Labor Unions Social Security Health Insurance Sanitary Working/ Living Conditions
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto Belief that a worker revolution would occur as a result of the Industrial Revolution Struggles between the classes
Class Struggle- Bourgeoisie- those who own the means of production Proletariat- workers Exploitation of Workers- rich take most of the wealth, leaving the poor with very little Communist Revolution- bourgeoisie will never give up power, workers will join together to overthrow them Dictatorship of the Proletariat- workers will establish a society in which they jointly own the means of production
Italy consisted of a number of small states Giuseppe Mazzini- an Italian nationalist called for unification 1852- Count Camillo di Cavour became Prime Minister of Piedmont Defeated the Austrians and drove them out of N. Italy Annexed the states of Northern and Central Italy to Piedmont Giuseppe Garibaldi- Italian nationalist in the south Overthrew King of Naples Joined Naples to Cavour s Piedmont 1860- Italy is a unified nation Venice and Rome join in 1866 and 1870
Germany consisted of many small states Rivals for the leadership of Germany were Prussia and Austria Austria contained many non-german lands and people Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck Policy of Blood and Iron Combined diplomacy and military power to achieve unification Made use of new technology- railroad and rifle Built most powerful army in Europe Fought wars against Denmark, Austria, and France 1871-Germany is unified Prussian king the Kaiser (emperor) of all Germany