Outline Map Industrial Cities in Great Britain and Ireland, 1800 1850 Directions: Locate and label the following: Bristol, London, Birmingham, Belfast, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Newcastle, Edinburgh, and Cardiff. In the blank box, create a key that shows symbols for one important coalfield, one shipbuilding center, one region of wool production, and one area of tin mining and smelting. You may use any map in the textbook chapter, unit opener, or Atlas for reference. E N S W 52
Section 1 Quiz Write a short definition of each term. 1. anesthetic 2. enclosure 3. James Watt 4. smelt 5. Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution? a. Important inventions suddenly changed life all across Europe. b. There was a gradual change in the way people lived and worked. c. The method of production changed, from machines to hand tools. d. It destroyed farming and agriculture and created industry. 6. The Industrial Revolution began in a. France. c. Britain. b. the United States. d. the Netherlands. 7. Charles Townshend and Jethro Tull were a. developers of new agricultural techniques. b. inventors of new industrial processes. c. American inventors of the sewing machine. d. pioneers in improved sanitation. 8. What is one way improved agriculture contributed to population growth? a. It led to better sanitation. b. It created a surplus of food. c. It meant that horses could be used for transportation. d. It led to the production of more wool for warm clothing. 9. How did enclosure affect British farmers? a. Farms became less productive. b. Farmers learned to use steam power to harvest crops. c. The number of farmers shot up from 5 million to about 9 million. d. Many farmers lost farms and moved to cities. 10. What was one of the major uses of high-quality iron? a. to make tractors c. to make railroads b. to make roads d. to make airplanes 41
Section 2 Quiz Match the descriptions in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank provided. Not all the items in Column II will be used. Each can be used only once. Column I 1. money used to invest 2. cottage industry 3. someone who assumes the risk of starting a business 4. a type of business organization 5. invented the cotton gin Column II a. putting-out system b. Eli Whitney c. entrepreneur d. Manchester e. turnpike f. capital g. enterprise 6. For what two reasons did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain? a. Britain lacked natural resources and steam power. b. Britain had falling prices and cheap transportation. c. Britain was able to grow cotton, and had a stable government. d. Britain had plentiful natural resources and easy access to the sea. 7. How did labor and capital combine to create the Industrial Revolution? a. Capital was invested in factories that employed the workforce. b. Workers invested their capital in new factories and technologies. c. The upper class opened businesses. d. The labor force used capital to hire entrepreneurs to start factories. 8. What effect did new machine technology have on the putting-out system? a. It made the putting-out system more economical. b. It ended the putting-out system. c. It resulted in more employees being hired to work in the system. d. It caused more workplace injuries. 9. The flying shuttle and spinning jenny were technological advances in a. transportation. c. the textile industry. b. steam-power generation. d. the shipping industry. 10. In transportation, steam power was used to operate a. toll bridges. c. canal boats. b. flying shuttles. d. locomotives. 42
Section 3 Quiz Write a short definition for each term. 1. urbanization 2. tenement 3. labor union 4. What caused the growth of cities during the Industrial Revolution? a. growing demand for farmers c. unsanitary conditions b. creation of a new middle class d. need for factory workers 5. Those who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution were a. entrepreneurs. c. former farm workers. b. women and children. d. the industrial working class. 6. Luddites, who smashed machines in Britain, were groups of a. rural workers. c. miners. b. textile workers. d. missionaries. 7. Why did factory owners often prefer to hire women? a. Women were highly skilled. b. Women worked harder than men. c. Women did not need health benefits. d. Women could be paid less than men. 8. What was one hazard of working in textile factories? a. darkness c. air filled with lint b. explosions d. low ceilings 9. In the 1830s and 1840s, British inspectors made sure that a. textile quality was high. c. Methodism was followed. b. mines were safe. d. labor laws were followed. 10. One positive effect of the Industrial Revolution was a. a drop in workplace injuries. c. a rise in wages. b. a drop in employment. d. better mass-produced goods. 43
Section 4 Quiz Match the descriptions in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank provided. Not all items in Column II will be used. Each can be used only once. Column I 1. saw history as a series of class struggles 2. a political ideology of a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism 3. the working class 4. system in which the people, not the government, own and operate businesses 5. farms, factories, railroads, and other large businesses Column II a. Thomas Malthus b. proletariat c. utilitarianism d. socialism e. means of production f. Robert Owen g. Karl Marx h. social democracy 6. Thomas Malthus is best known for his writings about a. population and the food supply. c. the struggle between the classes. b. utilitarianism. d. the law of wages. 7. Laissez-faire economists believed a. actions were right if they promoted happiness. b. the government should control the means of production. c. the bourgeoisie would always operate farms. d. a free market would help everyone. 8. The greatest happiness for the greatest number is a focus of a. communism. c. utilitarianism. b. socialism. d. laissez-faire economics. 9. Robert Owen was a Utopian who supported a. labor unions. c. communism. b. stricter laws. d. private ownership. 10. Two goals of communism are to a. close factories; outlaw large families. b. end capitalism; create a classless society. c. build larger factories; grant universal suffrage. d. learn laissez-faire economics; reduce government control. 44