SOC 515: Social Movements and Collective Action Fall 2014 S SCI 415 M, W 2-3:15

1 SOC 515: Social Movements and Collective Action Fall 2014 S SCI 415 M, W 2-3:15 Professor Jennifer Earl Office: Social Sciences 421 Phone: (520) 621-3296 Office Hours: F 3-5pm COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course examines current theory and research on social movements, political protest, and other acts of collective resistance. Its goals are to examine: 1) major theoretical perspectives for analyzing social movements and other forms of collective action; 2) major areas of research in the study of social movements; and 3) emerging issues in social movement research. REQUIRED READING: There are several books that students will need to have full access to during the term: Buechler, Steven M. 2011. Understanding Social Movements: Theories from the Classical Era to the Present. New York: Paradigm Publishers. (Available in hard copy through the UA library, if not checked out.) Earl, Jennifer and Katrina Kimport. 2011. Digitally Enabled Social Change: Activism in the Internet Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Available as an e-book through the UA library.) Snow, David A., Sarah A. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi, eds. 2004. The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements. Oxford: Blackwell. (Available as an e-book through the UA library.) In addition, many articles assigned for the course are available for online access through JSTOR. Stable URLs for required readings are provided for your convenience, when available. Other required articles and chapters will be available through D2L. Finally, students will be responsible for at least one monograph from the recommended readings during the semester. Although the list of recommended readings is provided for you, students are required to locate the work they choose. COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND EVALUATION: Class meetings will be dedicated to discussion of the readings. Regular attendance, completion of the assigned readings on schedule, and participation in class discussions are essential.

2 Grades will be based on the following: Assignment Grade per Assignment Total Participation 10% Two questions on readings 1% for each week, 14 weeks 14% Recommended reading summary 10% for 1 summary 10% Memo on articles 11% each; 6 memos total 66% Here are the details: Participation: Students are expected to have completed all required readings before submitting questions for the Monday class (see next entry), unless otherwise noted beforehand. This will allow students to better participate in class. Class participation will be graded based both on frequency and quality. Students should not assume that they will automatically get these points they must be earned through attendance and meaningful participation. In other words, assume you have earned 0 of these points at the beginning of the term and you accumulate points over the term if you participate frequently and through high quality contributions. Questions for class: Each student will post 2 questions per week about readings throughout the semester. Questions will be posted to the appropriate topic in the ly Discussion Forum on Monday of each week by 9am. Questions would ideally take issue with a part of a reading, seek to engage a specific and important point in the reading in more detail, or ask a more general question about what readings have in common (or are in tension about). They are also your chance to indicate things you want to discuss more in class, so it s best to not just think of them as quick to do items. There are 16 weeks, but students only have to post questions in 14 of those weeks. Recommended Reading Summary: You will write a summary of one of the recommended monographs (articles are not eligible) and post it through D2L to the forum on recommended readings. Summaries should help students who did not read the book to understand its content and should comment critically on the book, pointing out strengths and weaknesses. The length should be equivalent to 4-6 double spaced pages in 12pt font with 1 margins all around. Summaries must be posted to the appropriate forum on D2L on Mondays before noon. You will also present the summary in class on Monday. Memo on articles: All memos should be the text equivalent of 6-7 pages, 12pt font, doublespaced, with 1 margins all around. There are two kinds of memos available for you to write: memos that address a question posed on the syllabus for that week (a maximum of two of your memos may use the syllabus prompts); and memos in which you generate and answer your own question. For the latter, memos often: (1) critique a reading in whole or in part; (2) critically evaluate common themes across multiple readings; (3) apply a theoretical concept or research design from the readings to your own research; or (4) suggest future research projects (including detailed discussion of research questions, data, methods, etc.). These memos should have a clear question and central argument or claim. Memos are due to my mailbox by 9am on Wednesday for each week and must address the readings from the current week.

3 COURSE POLICIES 1) The course will use D2L to track and submit some of your assignments as well as host class information. Students should be automatically enrolled in the course and are responsible for all material on this site. 2) Late assignments will receive no credit. 3) Students requiring any disability-related accommodations should speak with me in a timely manner to secure those accommodations. 4) Students are expected to abide by the student code of conduct and all University regulations. CLASS SCHEDULE & Day 1 Date 8/25 & 8/27 Topics and Readings Introduction (Readings and questions due by Wednesday at 9am, instead of Monday; no memos can be submitted this week.) McAdam, Doug, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer Zald. 1988. Social Movements. Pp. 695-738 in Handbook of Sociology, edited by N. Smelser. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Snow, David A., Sarah Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi. 2004. Mapping the Terrain. Pp. 3-16 in Blackwell Companion on Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Malden, MA: Blackwell. McAdam, Doug, Sydney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. 1996. To Map Contentious Politics. Mobilization 1:17-34.

4 2 9/1 (LABOR DAY) & 9/3 Major Theoretical Approaches: Irrationality and Strain Models (No class on Monday because of Labor Day; so memos and questions are due on Wednesday.) (1) Which concepts from strain and/or breakdown are still useful for understanding collective action? Which are not? Explain/argue your answer. (2) What led to the rejection of strain and breakdown theories? Do you think this rejection went too far? Explain/argue your answer. Buechler 2011, Chapters 1-6 [Students with some sociological background will be able to skim chapters 1-4, and most likely chapter 5 as well; students without such background will likely need to read those chapters, as opposed to skimming.] Garner, Roberta. 1997. Fifty Years of Social Movement Theory: An Interpretation. Pp. 1-58 in Social Movement Theory and Research: An Annotated Bibliographical Guide, edited by R. Garner and J. Tenuto. Lanham, MD: Magill Bibliographies, Scarecrow Press and Salem Press. Buechler, Steven M. 2004. The Strange Career of Strain and Breakdown Theories of Collective Action. Pp. 47-66 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Snow, David A., Daniel M. Cress, Liam Downey, and Andrew W. Jones. 1998. Disrupting the Quotidian : Reconceptualizing the Relationship between Breakdown and the Emergence of Collective Action. Mobilization 3:1-22. Johnson, Erik W. and Scott Frickel. 2011. Ecological Threat and the Founding of U.S. National Environmental Movement Organizations, 1962-1998. Social Problems 58:305-329. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/sp.2011.58.3.305 Maher, Thomas V. 2010. Threat, Resistance, and Collective Action: The Cases of Sobibór, Treblinka, and Auschwitz. American Sociological Review 75:252-272. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27801524 Useem, Bert. 1998. Breakdown Theories of Collective Action. Annual Review of Sociology 24:215-38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/223480 Walsh, Edward J. and Rex H. Warland. 1983. Social Movement Involvement in the Wake of a Nuclear Movement: Activists and Free Riders in the TMI Area. American Sociological Review 48:764-780. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095324

5 3 9/8 & 9/10 Major Theoretical Approaches: Resource Mobilization (1) What are alternative definitions of resources? What do you think is the best definition of resources and why? Tie this definition of resources to the ability to explain mobilization. (2) Discuss the basic tenets of resource mobilization theory. In what ways did it represent a paradigm shift compared to previous theories? Buechler 2011, Chapter 7 McCarthy, John D. and Mayer N. Zald. 1977. Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory. American Journal of Sociology 82:1212-41. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2777934 Jenkins, J. Craig. 1983. Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology 9:527-553. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2946077 Edwards, Bob and John D. McCarthy. 2004. Resources and Social Movement Mobilization. Pp. 116-152 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Soule, S. A. (2012). Social Movements and Markets, Industries, and Firms. Organization Studies, 33(12), 1715-1733. http://oss.sagepub.com/content/33/12/1715.full.pdf Walker, E. T., McCarthy, J. D., & Baumgartner, F. (2011). Replacing Members with Managers? Mutualism among Membership and Nonmembership Advocacy Organizations in the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 116(4), 1284-1337. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/655753 Jenkins, J. Craig and Charles Perrow. 1977. Insurgency of the Powerless: Farm Worker Movements (1946-1972). American Sociological Review 42:249-268. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2094604 Oberschall, Anthony. 1973. Social Conflict and Social Movements. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Olson, Mancur. 1998 [1965]. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Good and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Piven, Frances Fox and Richard A. Cloward. 1977. Poor People s Movements. New York: Vintage. Staggenborg, Suzanne. 1991. The Pro-Choice Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict. New York: Oxford University Press.

6 4 9/15 & 9/17 Major Theoretical Approaches: Political Process (1) What are alternative definitions of political opportunities? What do you think is the best definition of political opportunities and why? Tie this definition of political opportunities to the ability to explain mobilization. (2) In what ways is a political process approach similar to a resource mobilization approach to social movements? In what ways is it different? Buechler 2011, Chapter 8, Ch 12 (only pp. 193-202) Chapter 3 in McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. McCammon, Holly J., Karen E. Campbell, Ellen M. Granberg, and Christine Mowery. 2001. How Movements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U.S. Women s Suffrage Movements, 1866 to 1919. American Sociological Review 66:49-70. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2657393 Meyer, David S. 2004. Protest and Political Opportunities. Annual Review of Sociology 30:125-145. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29737688 Goodwin, Jeff and James M. Jasper. 1999. Caught in a Winding, Snarling Vine: The Structural Bias of Political Process Theory. Sociological Forum 14:27-54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/685013 Kriesi, Hanspeter. 2004. Political Context and Opportunity. Pp. 67-90 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Noonan, Rita K. 1995. Women Against the State: Political Opportunities and Collective Action Frames in Chile s Transition to Democracy. Sociological Forum 10:81-111. http://www.jstor.org/stable/684759 Koopmans, Ruud. 2004. Protest in Time and Space: The Evolution of Waves of Contention. Pp. 19-46 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Meyer, David S. and Debra Minkoff. 2004. Conceptualizing Political Opportunity. Social Forces 82:1457-1492. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3598442 Rao, Hayagreeva, Lori Qingyuan Yue, and Paul Ingram. 2011. Laws of Attraction: Regulatory Arbitrage in the Face of Activism in Right-to-Work States. American Sociological Review 76:365-385. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23019223 McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. McAdam, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. New York: Cambridge University Press. Morris, Aldon. 1984. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press. Tarrow, Sidney. 1989. Democracy and Disorder: Protest and Politics in Italy 1965-1975. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. New York: Random House. Tilly, Charles. 1986. The Contentious French. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

7 5 9/22 & 9/24 Major Theoretical Approaches: Framing and Constructivist Approaches (1) Is framing theory in competition with resource mobilization and political process theories, or does it simply complement them? What does framing theory contribute to our understanding of collective action that other theories do not? (2) In what ways does framing theory take audience and audience reception seriously? Is this sufficient? If so, why? If not, what could be done to correct it? Buechler 2011, Chapter 9 Snow, David A. 2004. Framing Processes, Ideology, and Discursive Fields. Pp. 380-412 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Snow, David A., E. Burke Rochford, Steven K. Worden, and Robert D. Benford. 1986. Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation. American Sociological Review 51:464-481. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095581 David A. Snow, Robert D. Benford, Holly J. McCammon, Lyndi Hewitt, and Scott Fitzgerald. 2014. The Emergence, Development, and Future of The Framing Perspective: 25+ Years Since "Frame Alignment. Mobilization 19(1): 23-45. Earl, Jennifer. 2009 When Bad Things Happen: Toward a Sociology of Trouble. Sociology of Crime, Law, and Deviance 12: 231-254. Benford, Robert D and David A. Snow. 2000. Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment. Annual Review of Sociology 26:611-39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/223459 Ferree, Myra Marx, William Anthony Gamson, Jurgen Gerhards, Dieter Rucht, 2002. Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press. Jasper, James. 1997. The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Jenness, Valerie and Kendal Broad. 1997. Hate Crimes: New Social Movements and the Politics of Violence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Roth, Benita. 2004. Separate Roads to Feminism: Black, Chicana, and White Feminist Movements in America s Second Wave. New York: Cambridge University Press.

8 6 9/29 & 10/1 Major Theoretical Approaches: New Social Movements and Identity (1) Are new social movements actually new? Why does it matter if they are new or not position the importance of this issue in the larger debate over new social movements? (2) What about new social movements are other major theories unprepared to adequately explain? Argue/explain your answer. Buechler 2011, Chapters 10-11 Pichardo, Nelson A. 1997. New Social Movements: A Critical Review. Annual Review of Sociology 23:411-430. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2952558 Melucci, Alberto. 1995. The Process of Collective Identity. Pp. 41-63 in Social Movements and Culture, edited by H. Johnston and B. Klandermans. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. Taylor, Verta and Nancy E. Whittier. 1992. Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization. Pp. 104-29 in Frontiers of Social Movement Theory, edited by A. Morris and C. Mueller. New Haven: Yale University Press. Polletta, Francesca and James M. Jasper. 2001. Collective Identity and Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology 27:283-305. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2678623 Futrell, Robert and Pete Simi. 2004. Free Spaces, Collective Identity, and the Persistence of U.S. White Power Activism. Social Problems 51:16-42. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/sp.2004.51.1.16 Bernstein, Mary. 1997. Celebration and Suppression: The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement. American Journal of Sociology 103:531-565. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/231250 Gamson, Josh. 1995. Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma. Social Problems 42:390-406. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3096854 Hunt, Scott A. and Robert D. Benford. 2004. Collective Identity, Solidarity, and Commitment. Pp. 433-457 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Kriesi, Hanspeter, Ruud Koopmans, Jan Wilem Dyvendak, and Marco G. Giugni. 1992. New Social Movements and Political Opportunities in Western Europe. European Journal of Political Research 22:219-244. Leitz, Lisa. 2011. Oppositional Identities: The Military Peace Movement s Challenge to Pro- Iraq War Frames. Social Problems 58:235-256. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/sp.2011.58.2.235 Staggenborg, Suzanne. 1998. Social Movement Communities and Cycles of Protest: The Emergence and Maintenance of a Local Women s Movement. Social Problems 45:180-204. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3097243 White, Robert W. 2010. Structural Identity Theory and the Post-Recruitment Activism of Irish Republicans: Persistence, Disengagement, Splits, and Dissidents in Social Movement Organizations. Social Problems 57:341-370. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/sp.2010.57.3.341 Armstrong, Elizabeth A. 2002. Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950-1994. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kurtz, Sharon. 2002. Workplace Justice: Organizing Multi-Identity Movements. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Melucci, Alberto. 1996. Challenging Codes: Collective Action in the Information Age. New York: Cambridge University Press. Whittier, Nancy. 1995. Feminist Generations: The Persistence of the Radical Women s Movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

9 7 10/6 & 10/8 Contemporary Issues: Culture and Emotions (1) How is contemporary work on emotions and social movements different than early irrational models of collective action? How is it similar? (2) How do social movements manage emotions to further their goals? Guest: Heidi Reynolds-Stenson *Buechler 2011, Chapter 12 (pp. 202-209)-Epilogue Polletta, Francesca. 1998. Contending Stories: Narrative in Social Movements. Qualitative Sociology 21:419-446. Armstrong, Elizabeth and Mary Bernstein. 2007. Culture, power and institutions: A multiinstitutional politics approach to social movements. Sociological Theory 26:74-99. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20453096 Goodwin, Jeff, James M. Jasper, and Francesca Polletta. 2004. Emotional Dimensions of Social Movements. Pp. 413-432 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Jasper, James M. 2011. Emotions and Social Movements: Twenty Years of Theory and Research. Annual Review of Sociology 37:285-303. Goodwin, Jeff, and Steven Pfaff. "Emotion Work in High-Risk Social Movements: Managing Fear in the U.S. And East German Civil Rights Movements." In Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements, edited by Jeff Goodwin, James M. Jasper and Francesca Polletta, 282-302. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2001. Aminzade, Ronald and Doug McAdam. 2001. Emotions and Contentious Politics. Pp. 14-50 in Silence and Voices in the Study of Contentious Politics, edited by R. R. Aminzade. New York: Cambridge University Press. Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette, Genelle Gaudinez, Hector Lara, and Billie C. Ortiz. 2004. There s a Spirit That Transcends the Border : Faith, Ritual, and Postnational Protest at the U.S.-Mexico Border. Sociological Perspectives 47:133-159. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/sop.2004.47.2.133 Russo, Chandra. 2014. Allies Forging Collective Identity: Embodiment and Emotions on the Migrant Trail. Mobilization 19(1): 67-82. Taylor, Verta. 2010. Culture, Identity, and Emotions: Studying Social Movements as if People Really Matter. Mobilization 15:113-134 Taylor, Verta and Leila J. Rupp. 2002. Loving Internationalism: the Emotion Culture of Transnational Women s Organizations, 1888-1945. Mobilization 7:141-158. Binder, Amy J. 2002. Contentious Curricula: Afrocentrism and Creationism in American Public Schools. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Blee, Kathleen. 2002. Inside Organized Racism: Women in the Hate Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press. Fantasia, Rick. 1988. Cultures of Solidarity: Consciousness, Action and Contemporary American Workers. Berkeley: University of California Press. Gamson, William A. 1992. Talking Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Poletta, Francesca. Freedom is an Endless Meeting. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Rupp, Leila J. and Verta Taylor. 2003. Drag Queens at the 801 Cabaret. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Taylor, Verta. 1996. Rock-a-by-Baby. New York: Routledge.

10 8 10/13 & 10/15 Contemporary Issues: Micro-mobilization and Leadership (1) Discuss the major explanations for differential recruitment and the evidence supporting each explanation? Based on this, what factor(s) do you think are most decisive? Argue/explain your answer. (2) Although leadership is an important issue to social movements, there has not been a large amount of research on it. Give a broad review of what research has established. Then, explain why you think there has been so little research on leadership? Argue/explain your answer. Klandermans, Bert. 2004. The Demand and Supply of Participation: Social-Psychological Correlates of Participation in Social Movements. Pp. 360-379 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Klandermans, Bert and Dirk Oegema. 1987. "Potentials, Networks, Motivations, and Barriers: Steps Towards Participation in Social Movements." American Sociological Review 52:519-531. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095297 Schussman, Alan and Sarah A. Soule. 2005. Process and Protest: Accounting for Individual Protest Participation. Social Forces 84:1083-1108. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3598491 Caren, Neal, Raj Andrew Ghoshal, and Vanesa Ribas. 2011. A Social Movement Generation: Cohort and Period Trends in Protest Attendance and Petition Signing. American Sociological Review 76:125-151. http://asr.sagepub.com/content/76/1/125.full.pdf+html Morris, Aldon D and Suzanne Staggenborg. 2004. Leadership in Social Movements. Pp. 171-196 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Earl, Jennifer. 2007. Leading Tasks in a Leaderless Movement: The Case of Strategic Voting Special Issue on Social Movement Leadership in the American Behavioral Scientist 50(10): 1327-1349. Roscigno, Vincent J. and William F. Danaher. 2001. Media and Mobilization: The Case of Radio and Southern Textile Worker Insurgency, 1929 to 1934. American Sociological Review 66:21-48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2657392 Walker, Edward T. 2009. Privatizing Participation: Civic Change and the Organizational Dynamics of Grassroots Lobbying Firms. American Sociological Review 74:83-105. http://asr.sagepub.com/content/74/1/83.full.pdf Robnett, Belinda. 1997. How Long, How Long: African American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights. New York: Oxford University Press.

11 9 10/20 & 10/22 Contemporary Issues: Organizations (No class on 10/22, so all materials are due on Monday.) (1) Discuss the major functions that organizations play for social movements, giving empirical examples for each from the readings, and other cases you are familiar with if possible. (2) What are the benefits of institutionalizing collective action through organizations? What are the drawbacks? Clemens, Elisabeth S. and Debra C. Minkoff. 2004. Beyond the Iron Law: Rethinking the Place of Organizations in Social Movement Research. Pp. 155-170 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Staggenborg, Suzanne. 1988. The Consequences of Professionalization and Formalization in the Pro-Choice Movement. American Sociological Review 53:585-606. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095851 Taylor, Verta. 1989. Social Movement Continuity: The Women s Movement in Abeyance. American Sociological Review 54: 761-775. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2117752 Andrews, Kenneth T. and Bob Edwards. 2004. Advocacy Organizations in the U.S. Political Process. Annual Review of Sociology 30:479-506. http://www.unc.edu/~kta1/andrews&edwards_annualreview.pdf Carmichael, Jason T., J. Craig Jenkins and Robert Brulle. 2012. Building Environmentalism: The Founding of Environmental Movement Organizations in the United States, 1900-2000. The Sociological Quarterly 53: 422-453. Morrill, Calvin, Mayer N. Zald, and Hayagreeva Rao. 2003. Covert Political Conflict in Organizations: Challenges from Below. Annual Review of Sociology 29:391-415. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30036973 Morris, Aldon D. 1981. "Black Southern Student Sit-In Movement: An Analysis of Internal Organization." American Sociological Review 46:744-767. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095077 Clemens, Elisabeth S. 1997. The People s Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

12 10 10/27 & 10/29 10/27: Contemporary Issues: Networks (1 question on networks is due on Monday; memos or recommended monographs on networks are due on Monday) (1) How do networks matter in mobilization? What are the mechanisms by which ties shape participation? Diani, Mario. 2004. Networks and Participation. Pp. 339-359 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Gould, Roger. V. 1991. Multiple Networks and Mobilization in the Paris Commune, 1871. American Sociological Review 56(6): 716-729. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096251 Bearman, Peter S. and Kevin D. Everett. 1993. The Structure of Social Protest, 1961-1983. Social Networks 15:171-200. Chaeyoon, Lim. 2008. Social Networks and Political Participation: How Do Networks Matter? Social Forces 87:961-982. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20430898 McAdam, Doug and Ronnelle Paulsen. 1993. Specifying the Relationship Between Social Ties and Activism. American Journal of Sociology 92:54-90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2781286 Diani, Mario and Doug McAdam. 2003. Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action. Oxford: Cambridge University Press. 10/29: Contemporary Issues: Tactics (1 question on tactics is due on Wednesday; memos or recommended monographs on tactics are due on Wednesday) (1) What makes for an effective tactic? Use empirical examples from the readings to justify your answer. Also, evaluate the quality of evidence for effectiveness. Taylor, Verta and Nella Van Dyke. 2004. Get up, Stand up : Tactical Repertoires of Social Movements. Pp. 262-293 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. McAdam, Doug. 1983. Tactical Innovation and the Pace of Insurgency. American Sociological Review 48:735-54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095322 Taylor, Verta, Katrina Kimport, Nella Van Dyke, and Ellen Ann Andersen. 2009. Culture and Mobilization: Tactical Repertoires, Same-Sex Weddings, and the Impact on Gay Activism. American Sociological Review 74:865-890. Andrews, Kenneth T. and Michael Biggs. 2006. The Dynamics of Protest Diffusion: Movement Organizations, Social Networks, and News Media in the 1960 Sit-Ins. American Sociological Review 71:752 777. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25472426 McCammon, Holly J. 2014. The U.S. Women's Jury Movements and Strategic Adaptation: A More Just Verdict. Oxford: Cambridge University Press.

13 11 11/3 & 11/5 Contemporary Issues: Fields and Counter-movements (1) Is there a difference between social movement spillover and diffusion? Argue/explain your answer and discuss the theorized mechanisms underlying these processes. (2) What are the boundaries around social movements how are movements situated vis-à-vis larger fields of activity and other kinds of actors (e.g., counter-movements, bystandders, etc.)? Is this ecology important to understanding social movements? Argue/explain your answer. Zald, M. N., & Berger, M. A. (1978). Social movements in organizations: Coup d'etat, insurgency, and mass movements. American Journal of Sociology, 83(4), 823-861. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2777718 King, Brayden G. and Nicholas A. Pearce. 2010. The Contentiousness of Markets: Politics, Social Movements, and Institutional Change in Markets. Annual Review of Sociology 36:249 67. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102606 Meyer, David S. and Nancy Whittier. 1994. Social Movement Spillover. Social Problems 41:277-298. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3096934 Soule, Sarah A. 2004. Diffusion Processes within and across Movements. Pp. 294-310 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Meyer, David and Suzanne Staggenborg. 1996. Movements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity. American Journal of Sociology 101:1628-1660. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2782114 Rucht, Deiter. 2004. Movement Allies, Adversaries and Third Parties. Pp. 197-216 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Edelman, Lauren B., Gwendolyn Leachman, and Doug McAdam. 2010. On Law, Organizations, and Social Movements. Annual Review of Law and Social Science 6:653-685. Gamson, William A. 2004. Bystanders, Public Opinion, and the Media. Pp. 242-261 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. McAdam, Doug and Dieter Rucht. 1993. The Cross-National Diffusion of Movement Ideas. Annals 528:56-74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1047791 Minkoff, Debra C. 1997. The Sequencing of Social Movements. American Sociological Review 62:779-799. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2657360 Stepan-Norris, Judith and Caleb Southworth. 2010. Rival Unionism and Membership Growth in the United States, 1900 to 2005: A Special Case of Inter-organizational Competition. American Sociological Review 75:227-251. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27801523 Whittier, Nancy. 2004. The Consequences of Social Movements for Each Other. Pp. 531-551 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Fonow. Mary Margaret. 2003. Union Women: Forging Feminism in the United Steelworkers of America. 2003. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Katzenstein, Mary Fainsod. 1998. Faithful and Fearless: Moving Feminist Protest inside the Church and Military. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Raeburn, Nicole C. 2004. Changing Corporate America from Inside Out: Lesbian and Gay Workplace Rights. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Ray, Raka. 1999. Fields of Protest: Women s Movements in India. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

14 12 11/10 & 11/12 Contemporary Issues: The Social Control of Protest (1) Describe the weakness approach and evaluate evidence for and against it. Why do you think the evidence is so mixed? Argue/explain your answer. (2) Describe different potential reactions to repression and evidence for each. Why do you think the evidence is so mixed? Argue/explain your answer. Earl, Jennifer. 2011. Political Repression: Iron Fists, Velvet Gloves, and Diffuse Control Annual Review of Sociology 37: 261 284. Earl, Jennifer. 2003. Tanks, Tear Gas and Taxes: Toward a Theory of Movement Repression. Sociological Theory 21:44-68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3108608 Earl, Jennifer, Sarah A. Soule, and John D. McCarthy. 2003. Protests Under Fire? Explaining Protest Policing. American Sociological Review 68:581-606. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1519740 Earl, Jennifer and Sarah A. Soule. 2006. Seeing Blue: A Police-Centered Explanation of Protest Policing Mobilization 11(2): 145-164. Davenport, Christian, Sarah A. Soule, and David A. Armstrong II. 2011. Protesting While Black?: The Differential Policing of American Activism, 1960 to 1990. American Sociological Review 76:152-178. Linden, Annette and Bert Klandermans. 2006. Stigmatization and Repression of Extreme Right Activism in the Netherlands. Mobilization 11:213-228. Barkan, Steven E. 1984. Legal Control of the Southern Civil Rights Movement. American Sociological Review 49:552-565. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095468 della Porta, Donatella and Olivier Fillieule. 2004. Policing Social Protest. Pp. 217-241 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Earl, Jennifer. 2004. Controlling Protest: New Directions for Research on the Social Control of Protest. Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change, Special Issue on Authority in Contention 25: 55-83. Hirsch, Eric L. 1990. Sacrifice for the Cause: Group Processes, Recruitment, and Commitment in a Student Social Movement. American Sociological Review 55:243-254. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095630 McCarthy, John D., Clark McPhail, and John Crist. 1999. The Diffusion and Adoption of Public Order Management Systems. Pp. 71-93 in Social Movements in a Globalizing World, edited by H. Kriesi, D. Della Porta, and D. Rucht. New York: St. Martin s Press. Opp, Karl-Deiter and Wolfgang Roehl. 1990. Repression, Micromobilization, and Political Protest. Social Forces 69:521-547. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2579672 Calhoun, Craig. 1997. Neither Gods nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China. Berkeley: University of California Press. Cunningham, David. 2004. There s Something Happening Here: The New Left, the Klan, and FBI Counterintelligence. Berkeley: University of California Press. Della Porta, Donatella. 1995. Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. New York: University of Cambridge Press.

15 13 11/17 & 11/19 Contemporary Issues: Social Movement Outcomes and Consequences (1) What kinds of outcomes do we know the most about? What do we know about them? Why do you think scholars know more about these outcomes than others? (2) How would theories of movement or protest event/campaign outcomes conceptualize the importance of protester effort, risk, or costs to explaining outcomes or consequences? What evidence can you find in the literature for being concerned with these factors in explaining or predicting consequences? Earl, Jennifer. 2000. "Methods, Movements, and Outcomes: Methodological Difficulties in the Study of Extra-Movement Outcomes." Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change 22:3-25. Amenta, Edwin, Neal Caren, Elizabeth Chiarello, and Yang Su. 2010. The Political Consequences of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology 36:287 307. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-120029 Giugni, Marco G. 2004. Personal and Biographical Consequences. Pp. 489-507 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Earl, Jennifer. 2004. The Cultural Consequences of Social Movements. Pp. 508-530 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Chapter 6: The Success of the Unruly in Gamson, William A. 1990. The Strategy of Social Protest. Belmont, CA: Dorsey Press. Soule, Sarah A. and Susan Olzak. 2004. When Do Movements Matter? The Politics of Contingency and the Equal Rights Amendment. American Sociological Review 69:473-497. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3593061 Amenta, Edwin and Neal Caren. 2004. The Legislative, Organizational, and Beneficiary Consequences of State-Oriented Challengers. Pp. 461-488 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Isaac, Larry. 2009. Movements, Aesthetics, and Markets in Literary Change: Making the American Labor Problem Novel. American Sociological Review 74:938-965. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27801502 Olzak, Susan and Sarah A. Soule. 2009. Cross-Cutting Influences of Environmental Protest and Legislation. Social Forces 88:201-225. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40345044 Taylor, Verta and Nicole C. Raeburn. 1995. Identity Politics As High-risk Activism: Career Consequences for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Sociologists. Social Problems 42:252-273. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3096904 Whittier, Nancy. 2004. The Consequences of Social Movements for Each Other. Pp. 531-551 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Gamson, William A. 1990 [1975]. The Strategy of Social Protest. Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press. Klatch, Rebecca E., 1999. A Generation Divided: The New Left, the New Right, and the 1960s. Berkeley: University of California Press. McAdam. Doug. 1988. Freedom Summer. New York: Oxford University Press. McCann, Michael W. 1994. Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Rochon, Thomas R. 1998. Culture Moves: Ideas, Activism, and Changing Values. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

16 14 11/24 & 11/26 Contemporary Issues: Media (All assignments are due on Monday because of the possibility that class will be canceled on Wednesday because of Thanksgiving.) (1) Why do some movements, organizations, or protests receive more media coverage than others? What can SMOs do to increase their coverage? (2) Why does media coverage matter? How does it impact social movements? Does all coverage matter the same i.e., are there risks or extra advantages associated with some kinds of media coverage? Earl, Jennifer, Andrew Martin, John D. McCarthy, and Sarah A. Soule. 2004. The Use of Newspaper Data in the Study of Collective Action. Annual Review of Sociology 30:65-80. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29737685 Andrews, Kenneth T. and Neal Caren. 2010. Making the News: Movement Organizations, Media Attention, and the Public Agenda. American Sociological Review 75:841-866. Sobieraj, Sarah. 2010. Reporting Conventions: Journalists, Activists, and the Thorny Struggle for Political Visibility. Social Problems 57:505-528. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/sp.2010.57.4.505 Rohlinger, Deana A. 2007. American Media and Deliberative Democratic Processes. Sociological Theory 25:122-148. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20453072 Amenta, Edwin, Neal Caren, Sheera Joy Olasky, and James E. Stobaugh. 2009. All the Movements Fit to Print: Who, What, When, Where, and Why SMOs Appeared in the New York Times in the Twentieth Century. American Sociological Review 74:636-56. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27736084 Davenport, Christian. 2010. Media Bias, Perspective, and State Repression. New York: Cambridge University Press. Roscigno, Vincent J. and William F. Danaher. Voice of Southern Labor: Radio Music and Textile Strikes, 1929-1934. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

17 15 12/1 and 12/3 New Frontiers: Technology and Social Movements, I (1) All of the articles from this week are at least co-written by communication scholars. Are there differences in how these scholars approach studying the intersection of technology and social movements that might differ from a sociological approach? Explain/argue your answer. (2) Overall, how much of an impact do you think technology use is having on social movements? Explain/argue your answer. Describe evidence for the impacts that you think are most important and evaluate their theoretical consequence. Bennett, W. Lance and Alexandra Segerberg. 2012. The Logic of Connective Action Information, Communication & Society 15(5):739-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2012.670661 Bimber, Bruce, Andrew J. Flanagin, and Cynthia Stohl. 2005. Reconceptualizing Collective Action in the Contemporary Media Environment. Communication Theory 15:365-388. Flanagin, Andrew J., Cynthia Stohl, and Bruce Bimber. 2006. Modeling the Structure of Collective Action. Communication Monographs 73:29-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03637750600557099 Garrett, R. Kelly. 2006. Protest in an Information Society: A Review of the Literature on Social Movement and New ICTs. Information, Communication, and Society 9:202-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691180600630773 Earl, Jennifer, Jayson Hunt, and R. Kelly Garrett. forthcoming. "Social Movements and the ICT Revolution." in Handbook of Political Citizenship and Social Movements, edited by H.-A. van der Heijden: Edward Elgar Publishing. Earl, Jennifer, Jayson Hunt, R. Kelly Garrett, and Aysenur Dal. forthcoming. "New Technologies and Social Movements." in Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by D. D. P. a. M. Diani. Cambridge: Oxford University Press. Bennett, W. Lance. 2004. Social Movements Beyond Borders: Understanding Two Eras of Transnational Activism. Pp. 203-227 in Transnational Protest and Global Activism, edited by D. d. Porta and S. Tarrow. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. Earl, Jennifer and Katrina Kimport. 2009. Movement Societies and Digital Protest: Fan Activism and Other Non-Political Protest Online Sociological Theory 27(3): 220-243. http://stx.sagepub.com/content/27/3/220 Earl, Jennifer and Alan Schussman. 2004. Cease and Desist: Repression, Strategic Voting and the 2000 Presidential Election. Mobilization 9:181-202. Earl, Jennifer, Katrina Kimport, Greg Prieto, Carly Rush, and Kimberly Reynoso. 2010. Changing the World One Webpage at a Time: Conceptualizing and Explaining Internet Activism Mobilization 15(4):425-446. Garrett, R. Kelly and Paul N. Edwards. 2007. Revolutionary Secrets: Technology s Role in the South African Anti-Apartheid Movement. Social Science Computer Review 25:13-26. http://ssc.sagepub.com/content/25/1/13 Stein, Laura. 2009. Social Movement Web Use in Theory and Practice: A Content Analysis of US Movement Websites. New Media and Society 11:749-771. http://nms.sagepub.com/content/11/5/749 Bennett, W. Lance and Alexandra Segerberg. 2013. The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bimber, Bruce, Andrew J. Flanagin, and Cynthia Stohl. 2012. Collective Action in Organizations: Interaction and Engagement in an Era of Technological Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

18 16 12/8 & 12/10 New Frontiers: Technology and Social Movements, II (1) Discuss the primary ways that ICTs are changing how social movements organize. Give empirical examples from the readings (you may use examples from last readings, but not exclusively), and from cases you are familiar with if possible, for each. (2) What impact is technology use having on social movement organizations? Argue/explain your answer. Earl, Jennifer and Katrina Kimport. 2011. Digitally Enabled Social Change: Activism in the Internet Age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Karpf, David. 2012. The MoveOn Effect. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.