1 2006 3 Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies No. 61, March 2006. The Making of Immigrants Movement: Politics of Differences, Subjectivation and Societal Movement by Hsiao-Chuan Hsia Keywords: immigrant, social movement, empowerment, subjectivation, intellectuals 2005 12 14 2006 2 11. Received: December 14, 2005; in revised form: Februay 11, 2006 116 17 1 email: hsiahc@ms11.hinet.net
2 Alain Touraine insider societal movement Abstract As a result of their socio-economic and cultural disadvantages, the agency of the stigmatized foreign brides has long been neglected, not to mention the fact that they have been active in the formation of immigrant movement in Taiwan. Crossing theoretical boundaries, this paper aims at critically incorporating research from social movements, feminism, and gender and development, to analyze the formation of immigrant movement in Taiwan from an insider perspective. Employing Alain Touraine s concept of societal movement, the author is particularly concerned about subjectivation issues, criticizing most social movement studies for neglecting the importance of subjectivation process. This paper argues that movement is not merely formed by Machiavellian strategies. Rather, the core issues should be subjectivation of participants in the movement, involving delicate interaction between emotion and reason. Moreover, the author discusses the positions of intellectuals in the movements, arguing that intellectuals should see themselves as conscientious wolfman rather than the leaders in the movements. With more access to resources, intellectuals involved in movements should devote themselves to the empowerment of the masses, avoiding the possibilities of making a vital wound to the movements upon their future betrayal.
3 1 2 1. 2.
4 3 6 3.
5 McAdam, McCarthy Zald 1996 political opportunities, mobilization structures and framing processes Charles Tilly 1978 Doug McAdam 1982 Sidney Tarrow 1983 political process political opportunity structures
6 Zald 1973, 1977 grievance-theory meso-level McCarthy dynamics organizational David Snow Snow et al., 1986; Snow and Benford, 1988 framing sentiments ideas 2004:162 Snow 1988; Touraine, 1981 Melucci, McAdam, et al, 1996; Tarrow, 1998
7 David Snow Snow framing micromobilizaiton McAdam 1996 strategic 2004 2004 176-177 Jasper, 2002
8 Isaac and Christiansen, 2002 2003 structural bias biographical background 2003:187 recruitment 2003
9 ibid 39 Tourain Tourain societal movement social movement Tourain 2002:198 Alain 204 historical subject personal subject 2002:18 instruments historicity cultural orientation investment
10 Touraine Touraine, 2002 2002 subjectivation Touraine, 1996:329 Beckford, 1998:99 2002:40 Touraine Touraine Touraine, 2002:165-166 Touraine persons ibid, p. 111-112 Touraine, 2000:306 2002 self individual subject
11 citizenship 1995, 1996 2002 Touraine identity politics of identity politics of recognition Touraine, meta-social identity positioning upon oneself, upon society 2002:22-23 Touraine non-social act Touraine
12 malestream hooks, 1984; Collins, 1990 Mohanty et al, 1991 multi-positionality Bryan et al., 1985 Ain t I a woman? Sojourner Truth suffrage Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth Sojourner
13 woman Ain t I a Sojourner Yuval-Davis 1997 advocates identity politics 1997 Yuval-Davis, holis-
14 tic Mies, 1986 Yuval-Davis 1997 transversal politics Yuval-Davis Women Against Fundamentalism Yuval-Davis rooting Yuval-Davis shifting transversalism epistemological communities Yuval-Davis
15 Davis Yuval- 4 2000 2003 4.
16 5 5.
17 Development, WID Women in trickle down WID 1998 Development, WAD WID 1995 Women and WID WAD WID Gender and Development, GAD
18 GAD WID WAD GAD 1998 1998 GAD WID GAD 1998 1998 GAD GAD empowerment 1998 GAD WID
19 1998 1998 Maxine Molyneux 1985 strategic gender interest practical gender interest strategic gender needs practical gender needs GABRIELA 1998 GABRIELA WID WAD GAD GAD
20 Touraine 2000:300 2000 2005 collective action contentious
21 Tarrow, 1998:3-5 6 75 6. 2003 12 24
22 7 8 7. 8.
23 9 9. Asia Pacific Mission for Migrants 2005 5 13-15 NGO
24 strategic framing 12 10
25
26 10 Keith Faulks 2003 10.
27
28 2002: 248 Betweenness migrant workers
29 2003 Paulo Freire 1970 11 11. 2002, 2005 2001
30 2005 12 2005 12.
31 13 13.
32 2005
2005 33
34 2000, 2002
35 2003 2003 2003 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2003 2004
36 Touraine 2000 class-in-itself class-for-itself Tarrow, 1998
37 2002, 2003 Hsia, 2004 1998 Paulo Freire 1970 culture of silence 2003 2003 2003 2003 Freire 1970 dialogue banking problem-posing critical awareness Freire ideology of accomodation culture of silence Freire 1985: 9
38 Pedagogy of the Oppressed Augusto Boal 1979 Theater of the Oppressed spectator rehearsal for the revolution 2003 2002 2003 of community Touraine sense communal subject
39 14 14.
40
41
42 community mothering
43 2002 113
44 113
Touraine 45
46 tactics McAdam, 1983 Gamson 1990 force and violence disruptive constructive tactics
47 2005 1937
48 Augusto Boal Boal actors spectors Spec-Actors Boal, 1992:XXX 1 2 3 4 5 6 2002 Freire Boal Hope Timmel 1984 Training for Transformation Augusto Boal
49 Luria 1976 Luria the sociohistorical shaping of mental activity 1992 2004
50
51
52
53
54 patronizing
55 15 15.
56
57 Tarrow, 1998 Touraine 2002 2002 Yuval-Davis, 1997 poli-
58 tics of identity politics of recognition organic intel- traditional intellectuals lectuals
59 philosopher-kings 1997:43 1997:45 1997 exile and marginal 91 100 self-appointed
60 Paulo Freire 1970 Freire Freire re-socialization rebirth 1970:43 for and with
61 accountable accountable
62 Cordillera pains-taking pains-taking
63 Timmel 1984 Anne Hope Sally
64
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