Ohio s Immigrants George Gund Foundation Toledo and Dayton December 10-11, 2015
Acknowledgments Ariel Ruiz at MPI analyzed the data and wrote the slides for this presentation. Colin Hammar and James Bachmeier at Temple University, Philadelphia, provided data on the unauthorized immigrant population. Randy Capps at MPI provided guidance and reviewed drafts of the presentation.
Today s presentation Trends in Ohio s immigrant population since 1990. Demographic shifts in Ohio s population by race, ethnicity and nativity. Legal status and origins of Ohio s immigrants. Comparison between immigrant and native populations by educational attainment, English proficiency, income, and poverty. Comparisons among top 10 origins of Ohio s immigrants.
Immigrant Growth Outpaced Ohio s Native-Born Over Last 25 Years Ohio Total, Foreign- and Native-born Populations, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2014 1990 2000 2010 2014 Total Population 10,832,300 11,353,500 11,536,200 11,594,200 Foreign-born 255,600 344,900 469,100 480,900 Native-born 10,576,700 11,008,600 11,067,100 11,113,300 Source: Migration Policy Institute (MPI) tabulation of data from the 1990 and 2000 Decennial Census, and 2010 and 2014 American Community Survey (ACS).
Foreign-born Population (1,000s) Foreign-born Share of Total Population (%) Since 1990, Ohio s Immigrant Population Nearly Doubled: Now 4 % of State Population Ohio Foreign-Born Population and Share of Total Population, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2014 500 4.5 450 4.0 400 3.5 350 3.0 300 2.5 250 2.0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Foreign-born Population Percent Foreign-born of State Population Source: MPI tabulation of 1990 and 2000 Census, and 2010 and 2014 ACS data.
Ohio s Immigrants: Nearly Half A Million Ohio is home to 481,000 immigrants ranks 19 th in the nation. Of the state s 11.6 million residents, 4.2 percent are immigrants (versus 13.2 percent nationwide). Immigrant population grew by 89 percent since 1990 when 256,000 immigrants lived in the state (national growth rate = 115 percent). Source: MPI tabulation of 1990 and 2000 Census, and 2010 and 2014 ACS data.
Ohio s Diverse Immigrant Population Ohio Foreign-Born Population by Region of Birth, (%), 2014 Europe/Canada/ Oceania, 26% Latin America, 17% Asia, 42% Africa, 12% Caribbean, 3% Source: MPI analysis of 2014 ACS.
Percent Change Ohio s Latino and African Immigrants Led Growth Over the Last Quarter Century Percent Change in Ohio Population, by Selected Race/Ethnic and Nativity Groups, (%), 1990 to 2014 506 498 162 179 114 Latino Immigrants Latino Native-born Asian Immigrants Asian Native-born Source: MPI tabulation of 1990 and 2000 Census, and 2010 and 2014 ACS. 18 African American Native-born Black Immigrants -2-6 White Native-born White Immigrants
Percent of Population 2/3 of Ohio s Immigrants Are Between 16-54: Prime Working Ages Age Distributions of Native- and Foreign-Born Populations in Ohio, (%), 2014 25 20 15 10 5-0-15 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Native-born Foreign-born Source: MPI analysis of 2014 ACS.
85% of Ohio s Immigrants Are Legally Present Ohio Foreign-Born Population by Legal Status and Eligibility for Executive Action Programs, (%), 2009-2013 DACA* 10% Naturalized 49% Unauthorized 15% Ineligible 59% DAPA 29% Expanded DACA 2% Legal Noncitizens 36% Note: Immigrant share eligible for DACA includes immigrants eligible for the original version of the program as defined in 2012. Source: MPI analysis of 2009-13 ACS data (pooled) and 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP) data by Colin Hammar and James Bachmeier of Temple University and Jennifer Van Hook of The Pennsylvania State University Population Research Institute.
Percent of Population Ohio s Immigrants Are a Mix of Long-Time Residents and Newly Arrived Years of U.S. Residence for Ohio Foreign-Born Population, by Top 10 Countries of Birth, (%), 2014 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Source: MPI analysis of 2014 ACS. Less than 5 5-9 10-19 20+
Almost 40% of Ohio s immigrants are not English proficient English Proficiency of Ohio Foreign-Born Population Ages 5 and Older, (%), 2013 Speak English "not well or not at all" 39% Speak only English 23% Speak English "very well" 38% Source: MPI analysis of 2013 ACS.
Percent of Population There remain educational gaps for some of Ohio s immigrants Educational Attainment of Ohio Foreign-Born Population Ages 25 and Older, by Top 10 Countries of Birth, (%), 2014 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than High School Diploma High School Diploma or Some College Bachelor's Degree or Higher Source: MPI analysis of 2014 ACS.
Percent of Population Immigrants Are More Likely To Be Poor Ohio Population with Family Income below 100% and 200% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Nativity, 2013 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Below 100% 100-199% At or Above 200% Native-born Foreign born Note: The poverty threshold for a family of four was $23,550 in 2013. Source: MPI analysis of 2013 ACS.
Median Household Income (U.S. Dollars) Immigrants Household Incomes Vary Widely Median Household Income of Ohio Foreign-Born Population, by Top 10 Countries of Birth, (%), 2011-2013 $90,000 $80,000 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $- Source: MPI analysis of 2011-2013 ACS.
Percent of Population Some Immigrant Communities Face Higher Risks of Poverty Ohio Foreign-Born Population with Family Income below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Top 10 Countries of Birth, (%), 2014 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Source: MPI analysis of 2014 ACS.
Conclusions With nearly half a million immigrants, Ohio has become an important immigrant destination. Immigrants are Asians, African, Europeans, and Latin Americans. Over the last 25 years, Ohio s immigrant population experienced significant growth and helped Ohio maintain positive immigration growth. Immigrants from Asia are now the fastest growing racial group, and India is the most common origin country. The immigrant population has varied legal status including citizens, legal permanent residents, refugees, and unauthorized immigrants. The unauthorized population is relatively small (15% of total). With time, Ohio s immigrant communities have integrated and thrived: speaking English, achieving educational success and earning strong wages. Newer immigrant communities who struggle to achieve education, English proficiency, safe and stable housing and good employment struggle to survive and to integrate. Helping new arrivals and those who need to legalize their status is the place where philanthropy can do the most good.
For More Information Randy Capps Director of Research, U.S. Programs, MPI rcapps@migrationpolicy.org For additional information and to receive updates: www.migrationpolicy.org For interactive data tools on U.S. and International migration data, visit: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub For a recent review of the data on U.S. refuge populations, see: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/integration-outcomes-usrefugees-successes-and-challenges