Mohammed I. Sanduk
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:world_muslim_population_m ap.png
The present natural sciences and technology are based on the achievements and developments of sciences during last four centuries; when the roots of the knowledge extended for too deep era in history. One of the roots of science is of an Arabic-Islamic origin. Historically speaking, The Arabic-Islamic' sciences are the nearest achievements to the modern sciences than that of Graeco-Romans period. The modern science achievements are mainly western.
Scientists No. 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Time [century] Sanduk M. I., The Influence of Freedom on Growth of Science in Arabic- Islamic and Western Civilizations,2009
Scientists No. 400 350 300 250 200 150 Arab-Muslims West 100 50 0-50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Time [century] Sanduk M. I., The Influence of Freedom on Growth of Science in Arabic- Islamic and Western Civilizations,2009
The modern life is attributed to the accumulation of human experiences (in science, philosophy, technology etc.) during the last five centuries. All Muslim societies have no contributions within that period of time. The gap of more than four centuries is quite effective. During that time gap, all the present social controls (laws those were imposed by scholars, tribes laws, social habits ) had been established. During that time gap there was on social revisions for these controls but a contentious accumulation. These restrictions were accumulated to form a thick barrier in present time.
The present Islamic cultures are based on the static accumulation. So the deep past history is still effective. Static type culture. The present western cultures are based on the dynamical accumulations. There is no social influence of the deep past history. Dynamic type culture.
The modernization was start in Capitals since the last century. The villages societies (rural areas) are still controlled by the local laws, and far from the modernity. The differences are quite distinguished among the three levels, Capitals, Cities, and villages in Muslims world.
16 18 June, 2010 drina, Egypt
There are three foundations of the problem of modernity conflict: 1. North South problems. 2. Urban rural problems. 3. The static culture of Muslim societies, and mostly for rural societies. All the Muslim countries (about 47 countries) are parts of south countries. In Muslim countries the modernity differences between rural and urban societies are distinguishable.
*advanced economies *developing economies *least developed countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:imf-advanced-un-least-developed-2008.svg
Period of rejections
The rural is dominated before 1980. After (approximately)1980 there is a distinguished movement to urban. This transfer cause the problems of rejections of modernity by the transformed rural societies. Samuel P. Huntington had noticed the conflict in 1992 and called it Clashes of Civilization. About 2020 the domination will be for the urban. So the rejection will be less. The period of extreme rejection is about 1980-2020!
The period of rejection is the period of conflict with modernity. The previous analysis shows the transformation toward the urban style. This transformation was in hardware not the software. The static culture not easy to be modernized; it takes time. The contentious modernity will overcome the this phenomena. We are still in conflict period and expected to remain for about 2020.
1. We have to confront violent extremism in all of its forms. 2. The situation between Israelis, Palestinians and the Arab world. 3. Our shared interest in the rights and responsibilities of nations on nuclear weapons. 4. The democracy. 5. The religious freedom. 6. The women's rights. 7. Economic development and opportunity.
All these things must be done in partnership. Americans are ready to join with citizens and governments ; community organizations, religious leaders, and businesses in Muslim communities around the world to help our people pursue a better life. The issues that have been described will not be easy to address.
All the president's mentioned points may be attributed to: 1.The big differences between the north - south. 2.The big conflict between the present - past, in all social and personal life (static culture). 3.The big differences between: the cities - villages, OR The Urban-Rural.
There must be an intensive modernity support in rural Muslim societies. More support for urban areas than rural areas may lead to more big differences between the capitals, cities and villages. So the plan of development should be of two directions: 1-Intensive support for rural. 2-Urban modernization support. (Deep Rooted Modernity)
Sanduk M. I., The Influence of Freedom on Growth of Science in Arabic-Islamic and Western Civilizations,2009 http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00004766/ Sanduk M. I. & Sharif A., Problems of Technology Transfer and Science Development In the Arab World, International Conference on Science in Society, Cambridge, 5-7 August 2009. Sanduk M. I., Does Society Exhibit Same Behaviour of Plasma Fluid?, 2009. http://philpapers.org/archive/dse.2.doc United Nations, 2004. World urbanization prospects: the 2003 revised population database. UN, New York, NY, USA. http://esa.un.org/unup/