Unit 5 Section 2: POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS SUMMARY: The term political means government. A political revolution is an event in which the people of a country overthrow an existing government and create a new government. In the late 1700 s and early 1800 s, revolutions shook Europe and the Americas. In North America in 1776, Great Britain s 13 colonies, inspired by Enlightenment ideas, declared their independence. They then fought the American Revolution to throw off British rule. In France, economic misery and social discontent led to a revolt against absolute monarchy in 1789. Periods of chaos and reform were followed by the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon built an empire that was short-lived, but his military victories fanned French nationalistic feelings and spread the revolution s ideals. Inspired by the American and French Revolutions, revolutionaries in Latin America threw off Spanish rule.. Short-Term Effects: (1) Enlightenment & Revolutionary Ideas Spread (2) Rejection of Absolutism (3) Revolts Long-Term Effects: (1) Creation of the United States (2) Spread of Nationalism and Democratic Ideals (3) Establishment of Independent Republics in Latin America (4) New Social Order A. WARM-UP 7. Martin Luther s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because a. the Pope s right to sell indulgences was strengthened b. the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew c. the Roman Catholic Church unified the German states 8. Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of the other three? a. Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another b. warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power c. advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible 9. Many European monarchs of the 1600s maintained that they should have absolute power to rule because they a. needed to defend their nations against threats from the Western Hemisphere b. thought that all people should have the right to a good ruler c. had been given their power to govern from God Page 1 of 9
B. CAUSES & EFFECTS of REVOLUTIONS CAUSES REVOLUTION IDEAS EVENTS HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS English Civil War Glorious Revolution Page 2 of 9
REVOLUTION IDEAS EVENTS HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS American Revolution French Revolution Page 3 of 9
REVOLUTION IDEAS EVENTS HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS Haitian Revolution Latin America Movements Page 4 of 9
EFFECTS REVOLUTION POLITICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC English Civil War Glorious American Page 5 of 9
REVOLUTION POLITICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC French Haitian Latin America Page 6 of 9
C. BIOGRAPHIES (5W s) THOMAS PAINE THOMAS JEFFERSON MARIE ANTOINETTE NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Page 7 of 9
KING LOUIS XVI SIMON BOLIVAR JOSE DE SAN MARTIN MIGUEL HIDALGO TOUSSAINT L OUVERTURE Page 8 of 9
D. CONSTRUCTIVE RESPONSE QUESTION ASSIGNMENT: Close Read your Unit 5 Section 1 Notes and ANSWER the following Questions 1. What role did Enlightenment ideas play in the major revolutions of the late 1700 s and early 1800 s? 2. What short-term and long-term effects did the revolutions of the late 1700 s and early 1800 s have on Europe and the Americas? Page 9 of 9