balance of power brothers grimm burschenschaften carbonari classical economics distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong German brothers who revised and wrote down old German fairy tales and stories; romantic writers with historical interest Politically active students around 1815 in the German states proposing unification and democratic principles. A secret society; designated to overthrow Bonapartist rulers; they were liberal patriots. a school of thought based on the idea that free markets regulate themselves concert of europe a series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions congress of vienna conservatism corn laws edmund burke Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes These laws forbade the importation of foreign grain without the prices in England rising substantially A conservative leader who was deeply troubled by the aroused spirit of reform. In 1790, he published Reforms on The Revolution in France, one of the greatest intellectual defenses of European conservatism. He defended inherited priveledges in general and those of the English monarchy and aristocracy. Glorified unrepresentitive Parliament and predicted reform would lead to much chaos/tyranny.
flora tristan france's second republic (1803-1844) Socialist and feminist who called for working woman's social and political rights. Republic formed after the revolution of 1848 to replace the monarchy in France. frankfurt assembly genius of christianity germanic confederation giuseppe mazzini 1807-82; personified the romantic revolutionary nationalism. Attempted to unify Germany. became known as the bible of Romanticism, written by Francois Rene de Chateaubriand replaced the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine; 38 soverign states inwhat had once been the HRE Austria and Prussia=main powers;purpose was to prepare a constitution for united Germany in 1831 he called for all italian patriots to join a new movement, known as the young Italy movement, this movement wanted to establish a republic in Italy. greek revolt revolt of Greeks against the Ottomans; caused by a revival of Greek national sentiment at the beginning of the 19th century; succesful iron law of wages thought of by David Ricardo, philosophy that as people had more kids wages went down, as people had less kids there were higher wages jacksonian democracy john stuart mill A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme. English Philosopher, Benthamite, wrote "On Liberty", Essay that talked about problem of how to prortect the rights of individuals and minorities in the emerging age of mass electoral paricipation. Advocated right of workers to organize, equality for women, and universal suffrage
joseph de maistre (1753-1821) French counterrevolutionary. Spokesman for authoritarian conservatism after French Revolution. Supported restoration of the monarchy citing it as a divine institution and supported papal authority over temporal matters. july revolutions klemens von metternich latin america revolts legitimacy london mechanics institute louis blanc louis kossuth louis xviii saw the overthrow of King Charles X of France, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis-Philippe This was Austria's foreign minister who wanted a balance of power in an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression Attempt of the colonists in Latin America to over throw the weakened Spanish and Portuguese colonial power Principle by which monarchies that had been unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon were restored institute formed to instruct the working classes in the applied sciences in order to make them more productive members of society in an attempt to reduce crime This man urged people to agitate for universal voting rights and to take control of the state peacefully Leader of the Hungarians, demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848. (1814-1824) Restored Bourbon throne after the Revoltion. He accepted Napoleon's Civil Code (principle of equality before the law), honored the property rights of those who had purchased confiscated land and establish a bicameral (two-house) legislature consisting of the Chamber of Peers (chosen by king) and the Chamber of Deputies (chosen by an electorate). monroe docterine december 1823 president issued final message to congress. he said that the us would not tolerate european interference in the westerrn hemisphere.
neo-gothic architecture new lanark the revival of medieval Gothic architecture left European countrysides adorned with pseudomedieval castles and cities with grand neo-gothic buildings, example is Britain's House of Parliament a model textile factory cooperative community founded by Robert Owen on the subjection of women phalansteries Mill's essay arguing that 'the legal subordination of one sex to the other' was wrong; differences between women and men were due simply to social practices; with equal education, women could achieve as much as men; an important work in the nineteenthcentury movement for women's rights These were the types of buildings designed by Charles Fourier for a utopian society reform act of 1832 revolutions of 1848 romanticism sir walter scott the congress system the decemberist revolts was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of the United Kingdom. Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed. (p. 595) a movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization British Novelist whose romantic vision of a feudal society made him highly popular in the South England, Austria, Prussia, and Russia formed a Quadruple Alliance committing them to preserve the conservative order. The great powers also agreed to hold periodic meetings to prevent crises from escalating into wider was. The effort to achieve consensus on foreign policy issues was known as the Concert of Europe. It marks the first significant experiment in collective security. - led by a group of army officers after Alexander's death; demanded a constitution and other liberal reforms. New czar Nicholas I dismantled the revolt.
the sorrows of young werther novel by Goethe about a sensitive young man whose hopeless love for a virtuous married woman drives him to suicide; showed them of individualism and developed the idea of a romantic hero, who defies the world and sacrifices himself for some great cause thomas malthus an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834) tories a person who supported the British cause in the American Revolution; a loyalist tsar nicolas i Russia avoids being drawn into the political upheaval, became more conservative, expansion = key foreign policy, falling behind because of no expansion utopian socialism whigs william wordsworth Philosophy introduced by the Frenchman Charles Fourier in the early nineteenth century. Utopian socialists hoped to create humane alternatives to industrial capitalism by building selfsustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively (616 party that favored a national bank, protective tariffs and eventually the abolition of slavery a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850)