Reading Questions (Vocabulary terms should be highlighted throughout answer)

Chapter 31: The Americans in the Age of Independence Due: Due Tuesday, February 24, 2015 Overview In 1800, the United States was a shaky new republic, and the rest of the Americas were controlled by European states. By 1900, the United States and Canada had claimed the entire North American continent, and most of Latin America had broken free from colonial rule. The states that emerged were vastly different from one another. Some of those differences had been apparent since the colonial era (see Chapter 25). Events of the nineteenth century further defined the societies that emerged in the Americas: Territorial expansion. A booming population and continual immigration impelled American and Canadian settlers to press onto the western lands. Railroad construction in the late nineteenth century facilitated that expansion. Conflicts with indigenous peoples. Across the Americas, expansion brought settlers into lands claimed by indigenous peoples. Conflicts between Native Americans and military forces in the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Chile invariably ended badly for the natives. Survivors were usually forced onto marginal lands. Constitutional issues in North America. After 1800, the United States became increasingly divided, north and south, over slavery and related issues. The Civil War determined that the American "house" would no longer be "divided" and that the federal government would be more powerful than the state governments. Canada achieved independence within the framework of the British Empire, but faced challenges in creating a government that respected both British and French citizens. Constitutional issues in Latin America. Independence left many unresolved questions. What system would best address the inequities between creole elites and the vast majority of landless peasants? How would order be maintained? How best to advance reforms? Often, the solution seemed to be a military dictator. Economic development in North America. Foreign capital, a stable government, free enterprise, and abundant cheap labor: all contributed to the dramatic economic expansion of the United States in the nineteenth century. Canadian economic expansion was less spectacular but steady, especially after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railroad in 1885. Economic colonialism in Latin America. With a few exceptions, the economies of Latin America did not develop or diversify. Instead, Latin America continued the colonial pattern of exporting raw materials to industrial powers. While wealthy elites profited, the peasants saw their standard of living decline. Reading Questions (Vocabulary terms should be highlighted throughout answer) 1. Explain the nineteenth-century expansion and development of the United States. 2. Identify the chief causes behind the U.S. Civil War. 3. Compare and contrast the growth of the United States and Canada during the nineteenth century. 4. Outline key aspects of nineteenth-century Latin American state formation. 5. Analyze the forces behind mass migration to the Americas. 6. Explain the reasons behind economic expansion in the United States. 7. Compare and contrast foreign investment practices across the Americas. 8. Compare and contrast the development of multicultural societies across the Americas. Reading Schedule: Intro and Section 1 (Stop at Latin America: Fragmentation and Political Wednesday, February 18, 2015 Experimentation) Finish Section 1 Thursday, February 19. 2015 Section 2: American Economic Development Friday, February 20, 2015 Section 3: American Cultural and Social Diversity Monday, February 23, 2015

AP Themes SOCIAL Family/ kinship Gender roles/relations Social and economic classes Racial/ ethnic factors Entertainment Lifestyles Haves & have nots Chapter 31 SPICE Chart (Use the examples to help your place information POLITICAL Leaders/groups Forms of government Empires State building/expansion Political structures Courts/laws Nationalism/nations Revolts/revolutions INTERACTIONS (WITH PEOPLE AND THE ENVINRONMENT) War/conflict Diplomacy/treaties Alliances Exchanges between individuals, groups, & empires/nations Trade/commerce Globalization Location Physical Human/environment Migration/movement Region Demography Neighborhood Urbanization Settlement patterns Disease Cities (2 major ones) CULTURAL Religion Belief systems and teachings Holy books Conversion Key figures Deities Art Music Writing/literature Math Science Architecture Technology Innovations Transportation ECONOMY Agricultural/pastoral Economic systems Labor systems/ organizations Industrialization Technology/industry Capital/money Business organizations

Term Manifest Destiny Definition/significance Vocabulary List Louisiana Purchase Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Machismo Tierra y Libertad Mexican Revolution Lopez de Santa Ana Benito Juarez Francisco Pancho Villa Walt Whitman Trail of Tears

Term Mexican- American War Emancipation Proclamation Definition/significance Vocabulary List La Reforma California Gold Rush Metis Reconstruction Emiliano Zapata Juan Manuel de Rosa

Label the following on the map: Buenos Aires Mexico Louisiana Purchase Texas California Canada Quebec Ontario Northwest Territories Columbia Ecuador Brazil Chile Peru Argentina