INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON COORDINATION IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE MANAGEMENT

INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON COORDINATION IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE MANAGEMENT Mechanisms and Experiences in Coordinating International Assistance 15 October 2018, Jogjakarta Oliver Lacey-Hall Head OCHA Indonesia/ASEAN Liaison

Introduction Global Humanitarian Action and Needs Underpinning principles The United Nations system and the (socalled) international humanitarian system Emerging paradigm in Asia A changing humanitarian landscape in Asia INSARAG a primer

For 2018:

Financial requirements are growing year on year

.and many crises are not new

Key Points Humanitarian Principles Universally Acknowledged HUMANITY Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found, with particular attention to the most vulnerable in the population, such as children, women and the elderly. The dignity and rights of all victims must be respected and protected NEUTRALITY Humanitarian assistance must be provided without engaging in hostilities or taking sides in controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature. IMPARTIALITY Humanitarian assistance must be provided without discriminating as to ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political opinions, race or religion. Relief of the suffering must be guided solely by needs and priority must be given to the most urgent cases of distress. INDEPENDENCE Humanitarian action must be autonomous from the political, economic, military or other objectives that any actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being implemented

The United Nations System OSG Office for the Secretary General OIOS Office of Internal Oversight Services OLA Office of Legal Affairs DPA Department of Political Affairs DDA Department for Disarmament Affairs DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs DGAACS Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services DPI Department of Public Information DM Department of Management DSS Department for Safety and Security UNOG - United Nations Office at Geneva UNOV - United Nations Office at Vienna UNON - United Nations Office at Nairobi Secretariat

The International Humanitarian Community A wide and sometimes tense partnership of civilian actors, national or international, UN or non-un, Governmental or non-governmental who have a commitment to humanitarian principles and are engaged in humanitarian activities. United Nations Red Cross/Red Crescent NGO 50% NGO 50% United 25% Nations 25% Red Cross/ Red Crescent 25% 25% In support of nationally-led disaster and crisis management Governments and Civil Society

Key Developments in the International Humanitarian System Year Event 1971 General Assembly Resolution 2814 creates UN Disaster Relief Office (UNDRO) in Geneva 1991 GA Resolution 46/182 to strengthen UN response to disasters and emergencies - Emergency Relief Coordinator role established - USG for Humanitarian Affairs created (also ERC) - Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) created - Consolidated Appeals process established - Central Emergency Revolving Fund created ($50m) - UN Dept of Humanitarian Affairs established. 2005 UN Sec-Gen introduces humanitarian reforms to enhance predictability, accountability and partnerships for humanitarian action CERF upgraded to $500m Clusters created 2011 IASC organisations agree on a set of transformative actions to improve the international humanitarian response system 2016 World Humanitarian Summit and the adoption of the Agenda for Humanity Global humanitarian appeal tops US$20 billion for the first time 2018 As at mid-september Global Humanitarian Appeal for 2018 is 41% funded. Asia is leading the next phase of change in the international humanitarian system (?)

Tenets of International Disaster Response Responsibility for disaster response lies with the affected country. Speed of response must be paramount. Most relief work following a disaster is carried by the affected population and national authorities. All international and regional assistance is in support of national authorities - on request or acceptance of an offer only. That includes for Search and Rescue: selected, targeted requests are normal (e.g. Japan and New Zealand (2011)). The UN General Assembly has mandated the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) to direct & coordinate international response.

Asia

The definitive guide to international and regional tools and services. Produced by OCHA in 2013 and updated this year. Can be downloaded here: https://www.unocha.org/sites/ unocha/files/roap_disastergui de.pdf

Disaster Preparedness and Response in Asia and the Pacific Largely middle-income countries implications for external resourcing and engagement Growing capacity/political will among governments to lead, especially with renewed focus from HFA and SFDRR Robust legal frameworks for disaster management Welcoming rather than requesting assistance Increasing involvement/capacity of regional organisations (e.g. ASEAN, SAARC etc.). International role to augment national/regional capacity only when needed Identified value-added speed and volume

Typhoon Haiyan - 2013 Disaster Response Dialogue Global Meeting: Feedback from the Philippines Minister for Social Welfare Deficiency in Trust unclear on what activation of the L3 protocol meant Lack of Context rapid change of humanitarian leadership in the country confused stakeholders. The money lack of transparency on resource receipts and flows made expectation management complicated.

Lombok Earthquake 2017

Indonesia some pointers on international support - Lombok Incoming international assistance may burden already stretched national systems incl. customs and immigration, and may trigger surges of personnel to help manage it from outside; Immediate post-disaster humanitarian assistance items available in-country and can be mobilized by national actors (including national chapters of international NGOs). Specifically for this disaster there were possible social implications. But limited technical assistance from national staff with a specific scope of work was welcomed. ASEAN deployed its ERAT team in learning mode, and issued regular public situation updates.

Indonesian Government information on international support - Palu 30/9 Governor of Central Sulawesi Province declares emergency response period for 14 days 1/10 Government of Indonesia welcomes offer of international assistance. AHA Centre mandated to support BNPB in coordinating the offers of assistance ASEAN ERAT team arrives in Palu 2/10 MOFA issues Note Verbal to confirm international assistance acceptance and indicates four priorities for international response (i) air transportation, (ii) tents (shelter), (iii) water treatment, (iv) generators - and that bilateral financial contributions should go through BNPB, while financial contributions from private sector / international NGOs should go through PMI BNPB and MOFA announce Balikpapan as the staging point for incoming assistance at the AHA Centre daily meeting 2/10 UNDAC team deploys to Palu with the agreement of BNPB, embeds with ERAT team 5/10 BNPB issues written confirmation that foreign USAR and EMTs not requested 6/10 MOFA issues instructions regarding foreign staff operating in Sulawesi 11/10 MOFA announces creation of a task force to respond to offers of assistance and clarifies Government position on foreign NGOs and aid workers BNPB announces the end of Search and Rescue (SAR) operations 12/10 Governor of Central Sulawesi Province announces the extension of the emergency response period until 26 October

Search and Rescue INSARAG Global system National focal points BASARNAS for Indonesia Created after the 1988 Spitak Earthquake in Armenia Is governed by a General Assembly resolution (57/150) Gave birth to UNDAC Continues to grow with significant interest in Asia Expression of solidarity between nations.

Search and Rescue INSARAG Render emergency preparedness and response activities more effective and thereby save more lives, reduce suffering and minimize adverse consequences. Improve efficiency in cooperation among international USAR teams working in collapsed structures at a disaster site. Promote activities designed to improve searchand-rescue preparedness in disaster-prone countries, thereby prioritizing developing countries. Develop internationally accepted procedures and systems for sustained cooperation between national USAR teams operating on the international scene. Develop USAR procedures, guidelines and best practices, and strengthen cooperation between interested organizations during the emergency relief phase.

International Cooperation INSARAG

INSARAG A Partnership of Equals As the UN, we are ready to support the government; we already have people on the ground. But the leadership must always be the leadership of the government of the country and the international community needs to be supportive of that effort. UN Secretary-General, Antonio Gutteres 12 October in Palu INSARAG mean solidarity in the face of disaster INSARAG means neighbour helping neighbour INSARAG means learning through deployment INSARAG means predictable, certified, qualified support INSARAG needs quick clear and predictable decision-making life or death scenario Disaster-prone Asian Member States are a large component of the network but SAR must be used to be useful

Thank you