CLASS IX MID TERM EXAM 207-8 SUBJECT: - HISTORY & POLITICAL SCIENCE SET C/2 C C2 VALUE POINTS MARKS Q. What did the Red Phrygian cap signify to the French? Ans.The Red Phrygian cap symbolized Liberty. 2 Q. How did the world gain knowledge of the Holocaust? (any one of these points) Ans. The survivors of the ghetto of the concentration camp narrated the horrible treatment given to them-wrote diaries, kept notebooks. 2 Q. What is the most common form the democracy takes and why? ½+/2 Ans. The most common form that democracy takes in modern times is that of a representative democracyandany one of these points i) Modern democracies involve such a large number of people that it is physically impossible for them to sit together and take a collective decision. ii) Even if they could sit together the citizen does not have the time, the desire or the skills to take part in all the decisions. 4 6 Q. What conditions apply to the way a government is run after elections? (any one of these points) Ans. There are some conditions that apply to the way a government is run after the elections. i) A democratic government cannot do whatever it likes simply because it has won an election. ii) It has to respect some basic rules. In particular it has to respcte some guarantees to the minorities. iii) Every major decision has to go through a serious of consultations. iv) Every office bearer has certain rights and responsibilities assigned by the constitution and the law. Each of these is accountable not only to the people but also to other independent officials. Q. Define Preamble. (any one of these points) Ans. Preamble is an introductory statement in a constitution which states the reasons
and guiding values of the constitution. i) The Preamble of the Constitution reads like a poem on democracy. It contains the philosophy on which the entire constitution has been built. ii) It provides a standard to examine and evaluate and law and action of government. iii) It finds out whether a law is good or bad. Preamble is the save of the Indian Constitution. 6 4 Q. What are Constitutional assembly debates? Ans. Every document presented and every word spoken in the Constitution Assembly has been recorded and preserved. These are called Constitutional Assembly Debates. 7 9 Q. Explain the decree passed by the national assembly on 4 th August 789. AnsOn the night of 4 Aug. 789, the Assembly passed a decree.. i) The decree checked the power of the monarch and the monarch would now function according to the constitution. ii) Members of the clergy too were forced to give up their privileges. iii) Tithes were abolished. iv) Lands owned by the Church were confiscated and redistributed to the people. 8 0 Q. The peace treaty of Versailles with Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace. Explain. A. i) Germany s defeat at the end of the First world war. The peace treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace. ii) Germany last its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, percent of its territories, 7 percent of its iron and 26 percent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania. iii) The Allied Powers demilitarized Germany to weaken its population. iv) The War Guilt Clause held Germany responsible for the war and damages. The Allied countries suffered. v) The Allied armies also occupied the resource- rich Rhineland for much of 920 s 9 7 Q. Should we consider the elections in China as example of people electing their rulers? () Ans. i) In China the elections do not offer the people any serious choice. ii) They have to choose the ruling party and the candidates approved by it. The 2
government is always formed by the Communist Party. iii) In China elections are regularly held after every five years for electing. There was no way the ruling party could be defeated, even if the people were against it. iv) Some members are elected by the army. 0 9 Q. Why should we accept the Indian Constitution made by the assembly more than 0 years ago? Ans. i) The Constituent Assembly which drafted the constitution on 26 Nov. 949 had 299 members. i) The constituent Assembly represented the people of India and it was elected mainly by the members of the existing Provincial Legislatures which ensured a fair geographical share of members from all the regions of the country. ii) The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, but the Congress itself included a variety of political groups and opinions. The Assembly had many members who did not agree with the congress. The Assembly represented members from different language groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations. iii)the manner in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the Constitution. The Constituent Assembly worked in a systematic, open and consensual manner. First some basic principles were decided and agreed and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar prepared a draft constitution for discussion. 4 Q. Who were Jacobins? What were their contributions to the French Revolution? +4 A. Jacobins got its name from the former convent of St. Jacob in Paris. The members of the Jacobin club belonged mainly to the less prosperous section of societies. shopkeepers, artisans, shoemakers, pastry cooks, watch-makers, printers as well as servants and daily-wage workers. Their leader was Vanimilian Robespierre. These jacobins came to be known as the sans-culottes men wore in addition the red cap that symbolized liberty. i) In the summer of 792 the Jacobins planned an insurrection of a large number of Parisians. When they came to power in 79 elections were held above all men of 2 and above got the right to vote. ii) The newly elected assembly was called the Convention. On 2 Sep. 792 it abolished the monarchy and declared France republic. iii) Equality was also sought to be practiced through forms of Speech and address. Instead of the traditional Monieur(sir) and Madame(Madam) all French men and women were henceforth citizen and Citoyenne (Citizen). The use of more expensive
white flour was forbidden; all citizens were required to eat the pain d egualite (equality bread), a loaf made of whole wheat. iv) Roberpierre s govt. issued laws placing a maximum ceiling on wages and prices. Meat and bread were rationed. Peasants were forced to transport their grain to the cities and sell it at prices fixed by the government. v) The revolutionary government introduced laws that helped improve the lives of women. Schooling was made compulsory for girls. 2 2 Q. Discussthe Nazi art of propaganda? A. i) Hittler devised a new style of politics. He understood the significance of rituals and spectacle in mass mobilization. Nazis held massive rallies and public meetings to demonstrate the support for Hitler and instill a sense of unity among the people. The Red banners with the swastika, the Nazi salute, and the ritualized rounds of applause after the speeches were all part of this spectacle of power. ii) The Nazi regime used language and media with care, and often to great effect. The terms they coined to describe their various practices. They never used the words kill or murder instead of that used terms like special treatments final solution, euthanasia, selection and disnfections. iii) Media was carefully used to win support for the regime and popularize its worldview. Nazi ideas were spread through visual images, films, radio, posters, catchy slogans and leaflets. iv) In Posters, groups identified as the enemies of Germans were stereotyped, mocked, abused and described as evil. Socialists and liberals were attacked as malicious foreign agents. v) Propaganda films were made to create hatred for Jews. The most infamous film was The Eternal Jew. Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked. Nazism worked on the minds of the people, trapped their emotions and turned their hatred and anger at those marked as undesirable. Q. Describe the main features of democracy? Ans. Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. Features of democracy are: - i) Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. ii) In a democracy, the final decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people. iii) A democracy must be based on a free and fair election where those 4
currently in power have a fair chance of losing. iv) In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value. v) A democratic government rules withinthe limits set by constitutional law and citizens rights. 4 Q. What is a constitution? Why is the constitution of South Africa considered as one of the finest constitutions of the world? +4 Ans. Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship among people living in a territory (called citizens) and also the relationship between the people and government. It also contains fundamental rules governing the politics and society in a country. The constitution of South Africa considered as one of the finest constitutions of the world because: - i) South Africa is based on equality of all races and men and women, on democratic values, social justice and human rights. ii) This constitution gave to its citizens the most extensive rights available in any country. iii) Nobody should be excluded, no one should be treated as a demon.they agreed that everybody should become part of the solution, whatever they might have done or represented in the past. Q. On the political Map of Europe provided, identify and write the names on the lines provided. + Ans.. Axis Power - Germany 2. Allied Power UK