Welcome back to WHAP! Thursday 2/15/18 Turn your Ch. 17 Skills Activity into the tray- make sure your name is on it You need to have your notes out and something to write with- be ready to take some notes Reminders: Industrialization Quiz tomorrow (all of Ch. 17) Read and annotate both primary source docs- Wealth of Nations and Communist Manifesto- answer the questions that follow each doc on a separate sheet of paper- DUE TOMORROW! 4th 6 Weeks Vocab List on the website- Vocab Test is next Friday (2/23) 4th 6 Weeks Project instructions are on the website- due next Friday (2/23)
Responses to Industrialization
Opening Questions 1. What were some of the issues that industrialization presented? 2. Who might want changes in industrialized businesses or society in general?
What does Capitalism mean to you?
CAPITALISM AKA free market or free enterprise system Laissez faire economics: government is hands off in the economy Stems from the Enlightenment- criticized govt involvement in the economy (such as placing tariffs on foreign goods) Focus on free trade Factors of production are privately owned Money is invested in business to make a profit Generally oppose govt interference to help working poor (ex: minimum wage) Adam Smith defended these ideas in his 1776 book The Wealth of Nations Said there were 3 natural laws of economics: Law of self-interest: people work for their own good Law of competition: better products are made at better prices Law of supply and demand: demand will be met at the lowest possible price
What do you think critics of capitalism might argue?
UTILITARIANISM Jeremy Bentham- developed the theory of utilitarianism: Government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people Still, in general, people should be free to pursue his/her own advantage w/o interference from the state John Stuart Mill- continued the utilitarian movement in the 1800s- Questioned unregulated capitalism Wanted to help working people by supporting policies that would more equally share profits Favored cooperative agriculture, women s rights, prison and education reform Called on govt to do away with differences in wealth
UTOPIAN MOVEMENT Robert Owen- British factory owner: Built homes for employees in Scotland, rented at low rates Prohibited children under 10 from workingprovided free schooling 1824- came to the USfounded the cooperative community of New Harmony, Indiana- meant it to be a utopia (lasted 3 years)
Do you know the differences between: -Socialism -Marxism -Communism?
SOCIALISM French reformers proposed socialism: Factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all Grew out of a belief in progress and a concern for social justice Government should plan the economy rather than depend on capitalists Govt should control factories, mines, railroads, and other key industries- this would help end poverty and create equality Public ownership would help workers Wanted to extend the right to vote to more people (why?)
MARXISM Karl Marx, a German philosopher and journalist, wrote The Communist Manifesto along with Friedrich Engels in 1847 Described the haves and the have nots Haves - bourgeoisie- owned the means of production Have nots - proletariat- working class Ind. Rev. made the bourgeoisie wealthy at the expense of the poor Predicted the workers would overthrow the owners and seize the means of production to produce what society needed Workers would share in the profits- bring economic equality for all Dictatorship of the proletariat - workers would control the government Marxism is radical socialism!
COMMUNISM Marx believed the state would wither away after a period of cooperative living- would give way to a truly classless society- a final phase he called communism In a communist society, all means of production (land, mines, factories, railroads, etc) are owned by the people Private property no longer exists- all public Very influential in the 20th century
REFORM MOVEMENTS: UNIONS Workers joined labor unions to advocate for their interests: Engaged in collective bargaining negotiations w/ employers Sometimes went on strike if demands were not met Early unions helped skilled trades more than poorer laborers (why?) Britain: Outlawed unions and strikes from 1800-1824, then tolerated them USA: Labor unions such as the AFL (American Federation of Labor) gained higher wages, shorter hours
REFORM MOVEMENTS: GOVERNMENT Reformers and unions put political pressure on govt to intervene Britain: Factory Act of 1833- illegal to hire children under 9; children 9-12 couldn t work more than 8 hrs/day Mines Act of 1842- women and children cannot work in mines USA: The Progressive Era (1890-1920) was a time when government increasingly responded to the negatives of industrialization with reforms 1904- National Child Labor Committee organized to end child labor Public school systems started to form and expand in the later half of the 19th century in the USA and Western Europe