A Handbook of Research on the International Relations of Latin America and the Caribbean G. Pope Atkins V University of Texas at Austin and United States Naval Academy 'estyiew pun» A Member of the Perseus Books Group
Contents 1 RESEARCH PATTERNS AND ISSUES Latin American and Caribbean IR as a Field of Study, 1 Regionalism and Area Studies, 3 The Latin American-Caribbean Region and the Study of IR, 6 Intellectual Foundations to 1918, 7 Nineteenth-Century Characteristics, 7 Realism and Geopolitics, 8 Liberalism, 10 Marxism and Leninism, 12 The Interbellum Period, 12 Postwar Developments, 16 Realism Theorized, 16 Behavioralism Versus Traditionalism, 17 The Impact of Postwar Developments, 19 The Emergence of Multiple Paradigms, 20 Radical Challengers, 21 Foreign Policy Analysis, 21 Neorealism, 23 Marxism-Leninism, 23 Developmental, Dependency, and World-System Theories, 24 Pluralism, 28 Formal Theory and Rational Choice, 30 Postpositivism, 33 Disciplinary Developments, 34 Developments in the Study of IR, 34 Developments in Latin American-Caribbean IR Studies, 36 IX
CONTENTS THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN REGION 41 General Surveys, 41 International and Diplomatic History, 42 International Politics, 45 International Political Economy, 46 Theories of General Application, 48 Marxism-Leninism, 48 Structural Economic Dependency, 49 Neo-Marxist Dependency Theory, 51 World-System Theory, 54 General Commentary, 55 Colonies and Dependencies, 56 General Works, 57 The Spanish-American Empire, 58 Portuguese Brazil, 60 The Circum-Caribbean, 61 General Treatments, 61 Puerto Rico, 63 The British West Indies, 66 The French and Netherlands Antilles, 67 The Virgin Islands, 68 Latin American Regional International Relations, 69 The Subregions, 76 The Circum-Caribbean, 76 Central America, 81 The Commonwealth Caribbean, 83 South America, 84 Extrahemispheric Subsystems, 86 LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN STATES 87 General and Comparative Studies, 87 Survey Analyses, 88 The External Environment, 91 Decision Making, 92 Nationalism, 93 Geopolitical Formulations, 95 Geographic Levels of Policy and Relations, 97
CONTENTS xi The Circum-Caribbean, 97 Central America, 98 Commonwealth Caribbean States, 100 South America, 101 Relations with the United States, 102 Argentina, 104 Bolivia, 107 Brazil, 108 Chile, 115 Colombia, 116 Costa Rica, 118 Cuba, 119 Dominican Republic, 124 Ecuador, 126 Haiti, 127 Mexico, 128 Nicaragua, 137 Panama, 138 Paraguay, 138 Peru, 139 Uruguay, 140 Venezuela, 140 4 NONHEMISPHERIC STATES AND CANADA 143 Studies of a General Nature, 143 Europe, 144 The Soviet Union, 149 Other Extrahemispheric States, 152 Canada, 154 5 THE UNITED STATES 157 Historical Surveys, 158 The Monroe and Other Doctrines, 162 Foreign Policy Analyses, 165 Perceptions, 170 Subregional Policies, 171
xii CONTENTS 6 INTERSTATE INSTITUTIONS 175 General Works, 175 Latin American and Caribbean Integration and Association, 176 Nineteenth-Century Spanish-American Congresses, 176 Post-World War II Latin American-Caribbean Institutions, 179 Central American Federation and Integration, 184 The Inter-American System, 186 General Treatments, 187 Inter-American Development Bank, 191 Principles and Practices, 191 Codification of International Law, 191 Nonintervention, 193 Peace and Security, 193 Other Inter-American Regimes, 194 Mexico-United States Border Agreements, 194 Riverine and Related Arrangements, 194 Maquiladora Arrangement, 195 North American Free Trade Agreement, 196 Western Hemisphere Free Trade, 198 Transisthmian Canal, 199 Global and Extrahemispheric Organizations, 202 7 WARFARE, INTERVENTION, AND DIPLOMACY FOR PEACE 205 Latin American Revolutions for Independence, 205 General Treatments, 206 Spanish-American Country Studies, 208 The Case of Cuba, 210 The Case of Haiti, 211 Inter-Latin American Conflicts, 212 General Works, 212 Boundary and Territorial Disputes, 212 Interstate Warfare, 216 Cisplatine War (1825-1828), 216 Paraguayan War/War of the Triple Alliance (1865-1870), 217 War of the Pacific (1879-1883), 217 The Chaco War and the Peace Process (1932-1939), 219
CONTENTS xiii Ecuador-Peru Conflict, 219 Caribbean Conflict, 220 External Interventions, 221 Mexico and International Conflict, 221 The Texas Question and War with the United States, 221 French Occupation, 223 European Actions in South America, 224 U.S. Interventions, 225 Caribbean Imperialism, 225 Cuba, 226 Nicaragua, 227 Haiti, 228 Dominican Republic, 228 Cold War Interventions, 229 Guatemala, 229 Cuba, 230 Dominican Republic, 231 Chile, 232 Grenada, 232 Post Cold War Interventions, 233 World Events, 234 Spanish-American War, 234 World War I, 235 World War II, 235 Cuban Missile Crisis, 238 Cuba in Africa, 239 Argentine-British South Atlantic Conflict, 240 Internal War, 241 Social Revolutions, 241 Mexican Revolution of 1910, 241 Cuban Revolution of 1959, 244 Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979, 244 Insurgents and Insurgency, 246 General Treatments, 246 The Cuban Model, 248 Latin American Peace Processes, 251 Central American Conflict and the Peace Process, 251
xiv CONTENTS Internal and Transnational Wars, 251 The Search for Peace, 255 Country Studies, 256 El Salvador, 256 Nicaragua, 257 Guatemala, 258 Honduras, 258 8 INTERSTATE AND TRANSNATIONAL PHENOMENA 259 Development Theory in Practice, 260 Business Enterprise and Multinational Corporations, 266 General Studies, 266 Country Studies, 269 Mexico, 269 Peru, 271 Venezuela, 272 Other Countries, 273 Economic Policies and Relations, 274 Trade and Investment, 274 External Debt, 276 Environmental Issues, 279 Political Systems and International Processes, 280 Democracy and Human Rights, 280 Armed Forces, Military Rule, and Military Assistance, 284 Revolutionary Movements, 286 General Treatments, 286 International Communism, 288 Some Transnational Networks, 290 The Roman Catholic Church, 290 Protestant Churches, 292 Subnational Associations, 293 Intersocietal Phenomena, 294 Cultural Relations, 294 Movement of People, 297 The Drug Traffic, 304