Guided Reading & Analysis: Federalism - Chapter 2, pp 42-72

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1 Guided Reading & Analysis: Federalism - Chapter 2, pp Purpose: This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a place and structure for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) with new knowledge gained from the reading. Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. Directions: 1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter. 2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read. 3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. Remember, the goal is not to fish for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order to critically understand what you read! 4. Write: Write your notes and analysis in the spaces. Enduring Understandings (EU s): Foundations of American Democracy: LOR-1: A balance between governmental power and individual rights has been a hallmark of American political development. CON-1: The Constitution emerged from the debate about weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation as a blueprint for limited government. PMI-1: The Constitution created a competitive policymaking process to ensure the people's will is represented and that freedom is preserved. CON-2: Federalism reflects the dynamic distribution of power between national and state governments. Essential Question: How has federalism shaped the administration of public policy, and how do state, local and national governments work within the federal framework today? Federalism Defined: Copy the Big Idea: Define unitary governments: What national concerns did the framers focus on? 1

2 Copy the chart on page 43: Constitutional Provisions That Guide Federalism Which EU is this referring to? Define Full faith and credit: Provide an example of full faith and credit: Define privileges and immunities clause: Provide and example of privileges and immunities clause: Define extradition: 2

3 What limits the National law? What concerns did the framers leave up to the states to determine? Define police power and provide examples: Define delegated powers or expressed powers: Define reserved powers: Define concurrent powers: 3

4 Recreate the Venn Diagram: Federalism: A Sharing of Powers How did same-sex marriage put the ideas of Article IV and the 10th Amendment in conflict? What Supreme Court case settled the dispute? 4

5 Copy the chart on page 45: Powers delegated to the Federal Government Powers reserved by the States The New Republic to the New Deal Define strict constructionist: How did the Whiskey Rebellion and Alien and Sedition Acts start to show cracks in our government s unity? Define compact theory: Define nullification: 5

6 The McCulloch vs. Maryland is a foundational document for AP GOPO. What is the Constitutional question before the court? What are the facts of the case? Make sure you include the two central questions (you must know this). What is the reasoning to answer the first question? Cite evidence from the passages to support your answer. What is the reasoning to answer the second question? Cite evidence from the passages to support your answer. How has the government used the necessary and proper clause since McCulloch v. Maryland? 6

7 Define implied powers: Define commerce clause: What is the Gibbons decision referred to by the book? Define dual federalism: Define selective exclusiveness: How did the Progressive movement impact commerce? Define federal income tax; make sure you know what amendment that is: What is the 17th amendment? 7

8 How did Congress use the commerce clause to crack down on crime? Summarize the Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) decision: Since 1819, through the New Deal, how did the court help expand Congress' authority over commerce? Define revenue sharing, cooperative federalism or fiscal federalism: Define grants-in-aid: 8

9 Summarize Grants through the mid-1900 s: Define categorical grants: Define block grants: How did Nixon change grants to states? Define marble cake federalism: 9

10 Define: conditions of aid Analyze and Interpret Quantitative Data 1. What is the title of the graph? 2. Is the graph referring to percentages or amounts? 3. When do you see increases or decreases? 4. What events or priorities might explain these changes? 5. What possible limitations of the data might there be? In other words, what might be missing or overrepresented? 10

11 6. If the visual representation were displayed another way, might you reach a difference conclusions? Returning Authority to the States: Define New Federalism: In the 1980 s how has the federal government tried to entice states with grant money? Describe the case South Dakota v. Dole. Define mandates: Define Federal mandates: What do mandates often address? Define Clean Air Act: Define American with Disabilities Act or ADA: 11

12 How have these federal mandates like the Clean Air Act, ADA and/or Motor Voter Law impacted states? Define Devolution: In the 1990 s republicans ran on a platform of no more big government; in what ways did they reduce mandates and return some power back to the states? The United States v. Lopez (1995) is a foundational document for AP GOPO. What is the Constitutional question before the court? What was the decision? What case is precedent? What are the facts of the case? What was the reasoning of the case? 12

13 What was the majority opinion according to Chief Justice Rehnquist? What was the argument of the dissenting opinions? Who dissented? Did the opinion of the court fall on political ideology lines, explain? You may have to do some research as to which president appointed which judges. What has the government done since U.S. v. Lopez? How as the interpretation of the commerce clause in U.S. v. Lopez differ from Gibbons v. Ogden? How has No Child Left Behind (NCLB) caused tensions between federal and state governments in regards to education? 13

14 How has NCLB changed over the last decade or so? Your Opinion: Should the Federal government be involved in Education? Explain your answer with your knowledge of Federalism. Policy Matters: Policymaking and the Sharing of Power Copy the Big Idea: How have the Federal Government and states clashed over Environmental Concern? What have Presidents done to speed up the process? Given this day and age, are the founders ideas about policy making and going slow still beneficial or is it hurting the process? 14

15 Reflection of Essential Question How has federalism shaped the administration of public policy, and how do state, local and national governments work within the federal framework today? Constitutional Approach to Federalism Federalism in Practice 15