STRUGGLE & FREEDOM.
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1 06 STRUGGLE & FREEDOM
2 Non-Violence
3 Gandhi in South Africa
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5 Gandhi could gain the Trust & Respect of the Common People of India... Involvement in the Problems of Indians in South Africa His Protest in South Africa He Lived among the Common ( Food, Clothing, Language ) Common People Found him as a Saviour
6 Activity 1 (Group Discussion) Divide the Class in to Three Groups. Discuss the Early Struggles of Gandhi based on these Points and Prepare a Note 1. Champaran Struggle 2. Ahmedabad Cotton Mill Struggle 3. Peasant Struggle in kheda
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9 In Champaran (Bihar) 1917 Economic Problems of Indigo Farmers He Launched 1 st Satyahraha there Govt. appointed a Committee Problems of Peasants were Resolved After Struggle he worked for them By establishing Primary School By Initiating Medical Aids By Involving in Cleaning activities
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11 In Ahmedabad (Gujarat) 1918 Cotton Mill Workers They were Denied Plague Bonus Gandhi used Satyagraha as a tool Authorities Agreed to Hike the Wages
12 In Kheda (Gujarat) 1918 Farmers Due to Drought & Crop Failure Rulers Decided to Collect Tax Gandhi used Satyagraha and asked them not to Pay Tax Authorities agreed to Reduce the Tax
13 Activity 1 (Group Activity Consolidation ) Early Struggle of Gandhi o All were Regional & Economic issues o He used Disobedience & Satyagraha o Ensured the help of Local Leaders o His Method of Struggle was accepted by Everyone o People believed that Gandhi could solve all their Problems
14 Results of the Early Struggle of Gandhi o People understood his Ideology & Method of Struggles o Common People were attracted to the National Movement o City centric National Movement spread to Rural Areas o Gandhi became a National Leader acceptable to All
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16 Activity 2 (Group Discussion) Divide the Class in to Groups. Discuss about these points and make a short note 1. Rowlatt Act 2. Jallianwala Bagh
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18 Rowlatt Act 1919 By Sydney Rowlatt To Prevent Extreme Activities Limited the Civil Rights Any Person could be Arrested & Imprisoned without Trial Gandhi Suggested Satyagraha
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21 Gen.Dyer Bullet marks on the walls
22 The narrow lane used for entering the park premises rounds of bullets were fired by troops on 20,000 innocent people. Jallianwala Bagh memorial,amritsar Bullet marks on the walls of the park premises
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25 Activity 2 (Group Activity Consolidation ) Towards the National Movement o Rowlatt Act was an example for the violation of Human Rights by British o The Worst example of the British approach was Jallianwala Bagh (1919) o Jallianwala Bagh incident Intensified the Protests at the National Level
26 Non- Cooperation Movement
27 1 st National Level struggle by INC Led by Gandhi
28 Activity 3 (Listing the Points) What were the Characteristics of Non- Cooperation Movement
29 Students shall boycott English Schools Lawyers shall Boycott Courts Denial of Taxes Non- Cooperation Movement The Public shall Boycott Foreign Products Returning the British Awards and Prizes Boycott Elections
30 People Responded to Gandhi s Appeal for Non-Cooperation Farmers Refused to Pay Tax (Awadh) Tribal People entered the Forest & Collected Forest Products (Andhra) Farmers Refused to carry luggage of the Colonial Officials (Uttar Pradesh) Workers Struck Work Lawyers Boycotted Courts Students Quitted British Schools & Colleges Public burnt Foreign Cloths
31 Gandhi Motivated the People to Participate in Constructive Programmes To Make Indigenous Products To Spin Khadi by Charka To Establish National Schools To Popularise Hindi To Eradicate Untouchability
32 Gujarat Vidya Pith Kashi Vidya Pith Jamia Millia
33 Caliph Abdülmecid II, the last caliph who held the office from 1922 to 1924
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36 Maulana Mohamad Ali & Shoukath Ali As a part of National Movement Active Partition of Muslims Gandhi Travelled across India with Khilafat Leaders
37 Result of Khilafat Movement Anti-British Feeling all over India Hindu-Muslim Unity was Intensified Strengthened National Movement Even at the Grass root Level Support of Muslim Community
38 Activity 4 (Slogans) Prepare some Slogans Supporting the Non- Cooperation Movement.
39 Swaraj is Our Aim India is Our Land We Want Freedom Avoid Foreign Cloths Stop All Taxes
40 Chauri Chaura (UP) Villages set afire the Police Station 22 Policemen Died Gandhi Suspended Non- Cooperation
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43 Lahore Session of Congress Poorna Swaraj Civil Disobedience Ultimate Aim of Indian Freedom Struggle is to Attain Complete Freedom Disobey all Anti- Popular & Anti- Democratic Civil Laws by British
44 Activity 5 (Listing the Points) Prepare a Note about the Proposals put forward by Gandhi to Gain Freedom
45 Proposals Put forward by Gandhi To Remove Salt Tax To Declare 50% Tax Relaxation for Farmers To Increase Tax on Imported Foreign Cloths To Release Political Prisoners To Decrease Military Expenses To Dissolve the Secret Observation Wing To Start Coastal Shipping Service To Implement Prohibition of Liquor
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47 Gandhi used Salt as a Powerful Weapon British got High Income from Salt Tax Heavy burden for Poor People British Banned Indigenous Salt Production There was 3 fold hike on Salt Price It was Inspired by all
48 Payyannur (Kerala) Police Tortured & Gandhi was Arrested Vedaranyaam (Tamil Nadu) They made Salt & Distributed Hoisted National Flag Chanted Anti-British Slogans
49 Payyannur Salt March (Kerala) Vedaranyaam Salt March (Tamil Nadu)
50 Payyannur (Kerala) K. Kelappan Bombay (Maharastra) Noakhali (Bengal) Dharasana (Gujarat) Sarojini Naidu Vedaranyaam (Tamil Nadu) C. Rajagopalachari Gandhi picking up grains of salt at the end of his march
51 By Making Salt as a Tool of Protest Gandhi Proved Even an Unimportant Common issue can be used as a Powerful tool for Public Protest To Secure Support of the Society To Informed the Public in a simple way to the Exploitation of the British
52 Activity 6 (Digital Presentation) Prepare a Digital Presentation about the Salt Satyagraha
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55 Women during Civil Disobedience
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57 79 Marchers accompanied Gandhi on his march to Dandi. 5 from Kerala No Name Age Province (British India) 1 Raghavan 25 Madras Presidency 2 Thevarthundiyil Titus 25 Madras Presidency 3 Krishna Nair 25 Madras Presidency 4 Tapan Nair 25 Madras Presidency 5 Shankaran 25 Madras Presidency
58 Civil disobedience continued until early 1931, when Gandhi was finally released from prison to hold talks with Irwin. It was the first time the two held talks on equal terms, and resulted in the Gandhi Irwin Pact.
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61 Activity 7 (Group Discussion) Prepare a Note on Quit India Movement and its Importance
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63 Quit India Last Popular Protest by INC under Gandhi Based on Non- Violence Forced the British to Leave the country By Offering Complete Freedom
64 Factors Caused Quit India Movement Unwillingness of the British to Implement Constitutional Reforms in India Public Disgust with Price Hike & Famine Assumption that the British would be Defeated in the 2 nd World War
65 As a Part of Quit India Gandhi Asked Princely States shall Recognise the Sovereignty of their People Farmers shall not Pay tax Govt. Officials shall Disclose their Loyalty to INC without Resigning Soldiers shall Disobey Orders to shoot Indians, Without Quitting from Army Students shall Boycott Education till attaining freedom
66 British Suppressed the Movement Arrested Gandhi & Others In Protest Mob Destroyed Many things Clear Indication to Grab Freedom for the Country
67 Activity 7 (Consolidation ) o o o o o Quit India Movement It was a Struggle based on Non-Violence (Ahimsa) Unwillingness of the British to Implement Constitutional Reforms in India, Public Disgust with Price Hike & Famine, Assumption that the British would be Defeated in the 2nd World War were the Factors Caused for the Movement Complete Freedom of India was the Aim of Gandhi. British Suppressed the Movement but they could not Control the Popular Agitations In Certain Areas the Struggle became Violent
68 Alternative Paths
69 Revolutionary Organisations Swaraj Party C.R.Das & Motilal Nehru Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (Republican Army) Revolutionaries from Punjab, Rajasthan, U.P & Bihar Bhagat Singh, Chandra Sekhar Azad, Raj Guru & Sukh Dev Abhinav Bharat Society V.D. Savarkar Ghadar Party Lala Hardayal Anuseelan Samithi Bareender Kumar Ghose, Pulin Bihari Das Indian Republican Army Surya Sen
70 Swaraj Party (1923) C.R.Das Motilal Nehru C.R.Das & Motilal Nehru Opposed Gandhi's method of Struggle of Boycott Argued for Legislative Assembles Contested Elections
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72 Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Bhagat Singh Chandra Sekhar Azad 1928 Military Wing Republican Army Overthrow the British by Military Action & Establish a Federal Republic Raj Guru Sukh Dev
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75 The Lahi charge that had led to the Death of Lala Lajpat Rai
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78 Abhinav Bharat Society V.D. Savarkar
79 Ghadar Party Lala Hardayal
80 Ghadar Party
81 Ghadar Party
82 Anuseelan Samithi Anushilan_Samiti_office_ at_48,_bidhan_sarani Bareender Kumar Ghose, Pulin Bihari Das
83 Indian Republican Army
84 Congress Socialist Wing within INC Socialist Ideology from Russian Revolution
85 Influence of Russian Revolution
86 Congress Socialist Party JP Narayanan Chairman JP Narayanan In Bombay 1934 Great role in Quit India Movement They led the Movement when Gandhi and others were arrested Aruna Asaf Ali
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88 Forward Bloc
89 Against Gandhi s Idea S.C. Bose formed a Political Party Forward Bloc INA by Rash Behari Bose Bose formed a provisional Govt. in Singapore Hoisted Indian Flag in Imphal Support of Japanese Army INA marched to the East West border of India Failure of Japan in the 2 nd World War demolished this Plan IndianNationalArmy
90 Failure of Japan in the 2 nd World War Japan Before & After War
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92 Jhansi Regiment of INA
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95 Activity 8 (Seminar / Digital Magazine) Prepare a Seminar / Digital Magazine about the Notable Revolutionaries of Indian Freedom Struggle
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107 Movements of Workers & Peasants Madras Labour Union Ahmedabad Textiles Association
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109 Founders of AITUC in 1920
110 Objectives of AITUC To Organise & act as a Working Class To Cooperate with the Indian To participate actively Working class in the Freedom outside India Struggle
111 All India Kisan Sabha Farmers realized the need for Organised Struggle. Because o Tax Law of British o Exploitation of Zamindars o Low Price for Agricultural Products All India Kisan Congress (All India Kisan Sabha) was formed under N.G. Ranga in Lahore
112 Farmers Manifesto Reduce 50% of Land Tax & Lease charge Write off Debts Cancel Feudal Taxes Ensure Minimum Wages for Agriculture Recognise Peasant Unions These Demands were Prepared in the All Indian Kisan Samiti held in Bombay
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114 Telengana Struggle
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116 Activity 9 (Match the Following) Prepare a Match the Following Table about the Movements of Workers and Peasants A B
117 AITUC A All India Kisan Sahba Tebhaga Struggle Telengana Struggle Navel Mutiny B M.N.Joshy N.G.Ranga Bengal Andhra Pradesh Bombay
118 Independence of India was speed up o 2 nd world War ( ) o Financial Crisis in Britain o End of Imperialism o Intensified Freedom Struggles in Colonies o America & Soviet Union were against Imperialism o Labour Party in Britain under Clement Attlee
119 Clement Attlee
120 Claim For Pakistan Jinnah Muhammad Ali Jinnah & Gandhi Muhammad Ali Jinnah & All India Muslim League raised claim for a separate Country Called Pakistan Jinnah & Muslim League founders
121 Hindu Mahasabha also claimed for Divided India
122 Role of Mountbatten Mountbatten & his Wife with Gandhi with Nehru Mountbatten was appointed as the Viceroy of India Argued that Partition was Essential Prepared a Plan called Mountbatten Plan
123 Activity 10 (Short Note) Prepare a Short Note on the Role of Mountbatten in the Independence of India
124 Mountbatten Plan Separate Country for Muslims Divide Punjab & Bengal Appoint a Commission to determine the Borders Conduct a Referendum to Determine whether to add North West Frontier Province to Pakistan or Not
125 Sir Cyril Radcliff Prepared Map for Partition
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128 Divided Punjab & Bengal and formed India & Pakistan
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130 British Parliament Passed the Indian Independe nce Act in 1947
131 Union Jack Replacement of Power Indian Tricolor On 15 th August 1947
132 Head of State 14 th Aug 1947 Jinnah Prime Minister 15 th Aug 1947 Nehru
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134 Additional Activities 1. Discuss the role of workers & Peasants in the freedom movement of India 2. Write a Short note on the role played by INA and S.C. Bose for the Freedom of India 3. Name the different Revolutionary Organizations and their Leaders who Dedicated their life to attain freedom for India 4. How can you say that The Quit India Movement was a Turning point in India s Freedom Struggle? 5. Why Gandhi selected salt as a powerful weapon against the British?
135 Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi., His.) HSA (Social Science) St. Mary s H.S. Palliport mamichaelma@gmail.com
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