POLICY PRACTICE FOR SOCIAL WORKERS

Transcription

1 SUB Hamburg A/ POLICY PRACTICE FOR SOCIAL WORKERS NEW STRATEGIES FOR A NEW ERA Linda K. Cummins Capella University Katharine V. Byers Indiana University Laura Pedrick University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Allyn & Bacon. Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

2 CONTENTS Acknowledgments xi Defining Policy Practice in Social Work 1 Introduction 2 About the Book 2 About the Chapter 3 Policy Practice at the Core of Social Work 3 Experiences of Three Social Workers 3 Person-in-Environment Perspective in Generalist Practice The Relationship of Policy Practice to Micro Practice 6 Defining Policy Practice 8 Multiple Definitions of Policy Practice and Advocacy 8 Conceptualizing Policy Practice in Action 10 Settings and Environmental Levels within the Policy Practice Arena 10 Interactivity of Environmental Levels and Settings 13 Foundations of Policy Practice in Generalist Practice 15 The Social Work Perspective on Policy Practice 18 Application of Generalist Practices Skills to Policy Practice 18 Relevance of Generalist Practice Perspectives 20 A Recommitment to Policy Practice 21 Preparing for Policy Practice Roles 21 Conclusion 22 End of Chapter Resources 23 History of Policy Practice in Social Work 26 Introduction 27 Historical Roots in Social Work's Dual Focus 27 Jane Addams at Hull House 28 Charity Organization Societies 29 Progressive Era Reforms 31 Social Work's First Retreat from Policy Practice 34 Depression and the New Deal 35 Second Retreat from Activism by the Profession 38 Socia I Reforms of the 1960s 39 in

3 mtents Communication Strategies for Policy Campaigns 161 Summary Model 164 New Media Advocacy Advocacy Web Sites 168 Blogs 170 Podcasts 170 Evaluating Advocacy Communication 177 Conclusion 177 End of Chapter Resources The Stages of Policy Making: Integrating Knowledge and Action 181 Introduction 181 Social Workers as Policymakers 183 Approaches to Policymaking 192 Rational Model 194 Political Model 196 Incremental Model 197 The Policymaking Process 199 Stage One: Problem Identification and Case Finding 201 Stage Two: Data Collection and Analysis 204 Stage Three: Informing the Public and Identifying Stakeholders 206 Stage Four: Selecting Policy Options and Developing Policy Goals 209 Stage Five: Building Public Support and Developing Coalitions 211 Stage Six: Program Design 213 Stage Seven: Policy Implementation 215 Stage Eight: Policy Evaluation 217 Conclusion 220 End of Chapter Resources Social Problem and Policy Analysis: An Ethic of Care Approach 226 Introduction 227 Theoretical Analysis 228 Budget Analysis 229 Value Perspectives: Adequacy, Equity, and Equality 230 Ethic of Care Values: Collaboration, Inclusion, Interdependence 236

4 Contents vii Policy Interventions: Preventive, Alleviative, and Curative Interventions 236 Social Problem Analysis 239 The Usefulness of Social Problem Analysis 242 Policy Analysis 246 An Ethic of Care Policy Analysis Framework 247 Elements of Care 248 The Framework 250 Application of the Model 253 Conclusion 256 End of Chapter Resources The Legislative Process, Interest Groups, and Lobbying 261 Introduction 261 The Legislative Process 263 Advocacy Roles in the Legislative Process 269 Defining Interest Groups 275 Theoretical Approaches to Understanding Interest Groups 277 The Recent Growth of Interest Groups 277 Sources of Power 280 Lobbying 281 Ethical Lobbying 282 Social Workers as Lobbyists 284 How to Lobby 287 CASE STUDY: The Foster Grandparents Programs Fights Proposed Budget Cuts 292 Involvement of Clients in the Advocacy Effort 295 Conclusion 297 End of Chapter Resources Building a Coalition to Create Change 303 Introduction 303 Forming Coalitions 305 Defining Coalitions 305 Advantages and Drawbacks of Coalition Membership 307 Identifying Likely Allies to Form Coalitions 309 Have Some Problem or Broad Goals in Mind 310 Recruitment Strategies 311 Generating the Agenda for Inclusion 316 Finding Common Ground 316

5 intents Continuing to Expand the Circle by Inviting Others to Attend Meetings 316 Integrating New Members 317 Coalition Developmental Stages 318 Build the Group's Expertise 320 Develop an Identity 322 Engage Participants in Action 324 Involving Members in the Organizational Structure 324 Meeting the Challenges in Coalitions 327 Handling Disagreements 327 Sharing Power 328 Staying Organized 328 Raising Funds 329 Creating Ongoing Networks of Influence Moving from Ad Hoc to Ongoing 329 Characteristics of Successful Coalitions 331 Importance of Coalition Leadership 336 Celebrate the Small Victories and Have Fun as Part of the Process 336 Conclusion 337 End of Chapter Resources Campaigns 342 Introduction 342 Overview of Campaign Processes 344 Resources 344 Campaign Roles for Social Workers 351 Campaign Roles for the Social Work Profession 352 Laws and Ethics of Campaigning 362 Campaign Finance Reform 362 Conclusion 368 End of Chapter Resources Evaluating Policy Implementation and Outcomes 372 Introduction 372 The Rulemaking Process 373 Rulemaking Case Example 374 A Note about the Budget Process 375 Why Monitoring Implementation and Evaluation are Important 375

6 Contents ix Privatizing Eligibility in Indiana: Case Study in Implementation Challenges and Need for Evaluation 376 Types of Evaluation 379 The Context of Policy and Program Evaluation 381 Welfare Reform Policy Evaluation Case Example 382 Evaluation Resources 383 Common Questions for Program/Policy Evaluation 385 Conclusion 389 End of Chapter Resources A Vision for Political Empowerment 394 Introduction 395 Opportunities 396 A New Era 396 New Strategies 397 Challenges 398 Overcoming Cynicism 400 Countering the Upsurge in Hate Groups 400 Thinking Globally 401 Making a Difference in Your Corner of the World 401 End of Chapter Resources 403 Appendix 406 Photo Credits 410 Name and Subject Index 411