Marco Polo. Name Date Class Period

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2 Marco Polo

3 Columbus Explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in the Republic of Genoa, Italy. His first voyage into the Atlantic Ocean in 1476 nearly cost him his life. Columbus participated in several other expeditions to Africa. 1492, Columbus left Spain in the Santa Maria, with the Pinta and the Niña along side. He has been credited for opening up the Americas to European colonization Pg topher-columbus ?page=2

4 Vasco de Gama E xplorer Vasco da Gama was born in Sines, Portugal, around In 1497, he was commissioned by the Portuguese king to find a maritime route to the East. His success in doing so proved to be one of the more instrumental moments in the history of navigation. He subsequently made two other voyages to India, and was appointed as Portuguese viceroy in India in 1524 Pg. 84 To embark on the journey, da Gama pointed his ships south, taking advantage of the prevailing winds along the coast of Africa. His choice of direction was also a bit of a rebuke to Christopher Columbus, who had believed he'd found a route to India by sailing east.

5 Bartholomeu Diaz Pg. 84 Born in 1450, Bartholomeu Dias was sent by Portuguese King John II to explore the coast of Africa and find a way to the Indian Ocean. Dias departed circa August 1487, rounding the southernmost tip of Africa in January, The Portuguese (possibly Dias himself) named this point of land the Cape of Good Hope. Dias was lost at sea during another expedition around the Cape in ?page=2

6 Lorenzo de Medici Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence with his brother Giuliano from 1469 to After the latter's assassination, the crowd stood by the Medici and tore the assassins limb from limb. Lorenzo was considered the Wise, the needle on the Italian scales, and ruled from 1478 to Lorenzo s patronage of the arts was renowned, and those under his protection included Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci. Pg In Political affairs Lorenzo tried to maintain a balance of power between the italian citystates so that no single state became to strong.

7 John Locke John Locke Pg Philosopher Influential philosopher and physician, whose writings had a significant impact Western philosophy, John Locke was born August 29, 1632, in Wrington, a village in the English county of Somerset John s writing influenced colonial leader such as Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison John Locke believed that all men had God given rights, just being born gave them these rights. Rights included life, liberty and property. This was called natural law. John wrote several book including Two Treatises of Civil Government. Thomas Jefferson read one of Locke s books which became an inspiration for writing the Declaration of Independence

8 Thomas Hobbs Thomas Hobbes, born in Westport, England, on April 5, 1588, was known for his views on how humans could thrive in harmony while avoiding the perils and fear of societal conflict. His experience during a time of upheaval in England influenced his thoughts, which he captured in The Elements of Law (1640); De Cive [On the Citizen] (1642) and his most famous work, Leviathan (1651). Hobbes died in Believed that absolute monarchy was the best form of government. Humans were naturally selfish and violent. Pg. 103 Rule of the king was best because only a strong ruler could direct the people

9 Charles de Montesquieu Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède and de Montesquieu, was born in the Aquitaine region of France on January 18, 1689, during the Age of Enlightenment. Through his education and travels he became a sharp social commentator and political thinker who gained the respect of his fellow philosophers with his masterwork The Spirit of Laws, which went on to have a major influence on English and American government. Though England s government was the best because it had separation of powers Pg. 106 The branches of government executive, legislative and judicial branch would be divvied equally The legislative branch would make the laws The executive branch would enforce the laws The judicial branch would interpret the laws

10 Baseball Card John Locke Back of card John Locke Occupation: Philosopher Birth : August 29 th, 1632 Death date: October 28, 1704 English Works: Two Treatises of Government Quote: Life, liberty, and property. Concepts: Natural Law Influence: Declaration of Independence This is an example you need to find 5 facts of your own for each card