MANAGING TRANSITIONS FROM STABILIZATION TO LONG-TERM PEACEBUILDING AND DEVELOPMENT

Transcription

1 MANAGING TRANSITIONS FROM STABILIZATION TO LONG-TERM PEACEBUILDING AND DEVELOPMENT HIGH-LEVEL EXPERT GROUP MEETING, SEPTEMBER 2017, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA

2 1 Table of Contents BACKGROUND 2 OBJECTIVE 3 MEETING PROCEEDINGS 4 KEY FINDINGS 6 1. Conflict Prevention 6 2. Short-sighted Vision/Mandates 6 3. Sustaining Peace 6 4. Partnership 6 5. National and Local Ownership 7 6. Whole Systems Approach 8 7. Women, Peace and Security 8 8. Youth 9 9. Civilian Capacities Rule of law Knowledge gap 10 RECOMMENDATIONS 11 WAY FORWARD 15

3 2 BACKGROUND The African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN) are working closely together on reducing, risks, and vulnerability due not only to political conflicts, and preventing crises caused for instance by violent extremism, economic shocks, intolerance, environmental risks and conflicts, social tensions, droughts and famines. Cognizant of this laudable ambition of both organizations, and WHOLE SYSTEMS of the urgency to build resilience and sustain peace, African APPROACH TO peacekeeping and peacebuilding training centres need to THE PEACE, continuously update and renew their curriculum, to reflect new and emerging peace operations, peacebuilding challenges and SECURITY, priorities. GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT To assist African peacekeeping and peacebuilding training NEXUS. centres with updating and refreshing their knowledge base, the Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Africa (OSAA), in collaboration with the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), the African Union Commission (AUC) and its NEPAD Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD Agency), convened an Expert Group Meeting (EGM) on September The EGM explored the state of the research and its uptake, platforms and delivery modalities, and how they impact innovation and decision-making in respect to African peace operations and special political missions. It also focused on good practices and lessons learnt from the African peace operation and post-conflict reconstruction and development experience over the last decade. Recent developments, on the agenda of the EGM, include the need to: WE ARE BETTER TOGETHER: WEAVING TOGETHER THE PARTNERS AND ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP THE Build resilience and crisis prevention; Reduce the multi-dimensional risks of crisis and help prevent violent conflict; Coordinate support to address protracted crises, including forced displacement; Undertake security sector reform in the context of counter-insurgency and counterterror threats; Enhance strategic and operational analytical and planning capabilities; Engage local and national stakeholders to ensure more people-centred peace operations and more inclusive, nationally-owned, post-conflict reconstruction initiatives; Strengthen state administration, especially in the areas of the rule of law and security; Support national dialogue and reconciliation processes, including amidst ongoing conflict; Promote inclusion and social cohesion in societies characterized by high inequality and ethnic diversity;

4 3 Prepare civilian experts for the specific roles they will perform in peace operations and special political missions, especially with regards to consolidating stabilization and the transition to long-term peacebuilding; Leverage the pivotal role that the private sector and multilateral cooperation should play in stabilization, post-conflict reconstruction and development by creating jobs, providing services and serving as stake-holder and actor in supporting the enabling environment for social cohesion and provision of services and goods; Support the free movement and accesses to basic services, including in particular the development of infrastructure, as prerequisite for peace and stability in most African countries; Introduce new technologies and related tools in peace operations; Introduce results-based monitoring and evaluation to enhance the effectiveness of missions and programmes; and Explore the role women and youth can play in ensuring the implementation of peacekeeping and special political missions mandates. OBJECTIVE The overall objective of the EGM was to develop and to refine recommendations in order to update the knowledge base of African peacekeeping and peacebuilding training centres, building from recent peace operations and post-conflict reconstruction and development experiences in Africa.

5 4 MEETING PROCEEDINGS On 28 and 29 September 2017, the Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Africa (OSAA), in collaboration with the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD), the African Union Commission (AUC) and its NEPAD planning and coordinating agency 1, convened an Expert Group Meeting (EGM) in Cape Town (South Africa), to share research and knowledge on managing transition from stabilization to long-term peacebuilding and development. The EGM was coordinated by Mr. Talla Kebe, from OSAA. It brought together approximately 40 practitioners, policy makers, researchers, academics and trainers, representing the UN and AU headquarters, the UN missions in Liberia (UNMIL) and Mali (MINUSMA), the AU mission in Somalia (AMISOM), UN Women, UNDP, UNOAU, ICRC, NEPAD, SADC-RPTC, IGAD, KAIPTC, the AfDB, GIZ, ACCORD, IJR, ISS, the Mapungubwe Institute, the WITS School of Governance, the Nigerian National Defence College and the Training for Peace Programme (TfP). 2 Mr. David Mehdi Hamam, Director, OSAA, and Acting Special Advisor on Africa, delivered the welcoming address, and Ambassador Haile Menkerios, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of UNOAU delivered the opening key note address. Ambassador Francisco Madeira, the Special Envoy of the African Union for Somalia and Head of AMISOM gave the closing remarks, and Mr. Nicholas Haysom, the Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General for Sudan and South Sudan delivered the closing key note address. 1 The New Partnership of Africa s Development (NEPAD) 2 UN Development Programme (UNDP), UN Office to the African Union (UNOAU), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Southern African Development Community (SADC) Regional Peacekeeping Training Center (RPTC), Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Kofi Anan International Peacekeeping Training Center (KAIPTC), African Development Bank (AfDB), German Development Agency (GIZ), Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR), Institute for Security Studies (ISS), and University of the Witwatersrand (WITS).

6 5 The EGM considered the lessons that have been identified thus far from various AU and UN experiences with stabilization and transition, and especially their experiences related to attempts to promote collaboration across the peace, security and development pillars. One of the examples the EGM discussed was the synergies between the African Governance Architecture (AGA) and the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). The EGM also payed special attention to gender perspectives, and explored different ways in which women, men and youth could be supported to enhance their role as positive change agents in transition processes. The EGM also addressed the role played by the private sector, employment opportunities, and economic, energy and infrastructure development in conflict prevention, as well as how these aspects contribute to the resilience of societies in managing transitions and recovering from periods of political crisis or violent conflict. IMPACT OF POLITICAL TRANSITION/ CRISES ON GDP SELECTED AFRICA COUNTRIES

7 6 In recognition of the primacy of politics in all forms of conflict, and thus the need to go beyond militarized responses to insecurity, the EGM also looked at the kind of civilian and police capacities the UN and AU need to generate in order to ensure that peace operations and special political missions have the expertise they need to address not only the security dimension, but also the political, governance, judicial and socio-economic development aspects of the crisis management. What follows are some of the key findings that emerged out of these discussions. KEY FINDINGS 1. Conflict Prevention The renewed focus on prevention at the UN and AU was welcomed and supported. However, there was a recognition that much remains to be done to turn rhetoric into implementable action. The EGM considered what would be needed to prevent crises emanating from economic shocks, social tensions, environmental degradation, natural disasters and violent extremism. One of the aspects that was discussed, especially in the context of Mali and Somalia, was the need to invest in national and local resilience. However, the question was raised on how resilience can be achieved in places where there were well organised insurgencies and terrorists who had the will and capacity to use violence to disrupt local, national and international efforts to improve governance and development. 2. Short-sighted Vision/Mandates One of the problems that was identified is the tension between the need for a long-term strategic vision and the reality of short-term mandating windows and budget cycles. The result is often that the UN and AU - e.g. in the DRC or Somalia, where both organisations have missions that have now lasted over a decade - find it difficult to demonstrate the cumulative effect they could have had because they had ten one-year missions, not one ten-year mission. Short-term planning leads to short-term results. 3. Sustaining Peace Participants in the EGM welcomed the new sustaining peace approach, with its emphasis on upstream preventive investments in national capacities for peace and social cohesion. In order to meaningfully address inequality, marginalization and exclusion, the sustaining peace approach needs to be further developed and shared so that a broader community of practitioners and researchers can align behind this new approach and invest in its operationalization and implementation. 4. Partnership The Joint UN-AU Framework for an Enhanced Partnership in Peace and Security, cosigned by the UN Secretary-General and the Chairperson of the AU Commission in April 2017, lays the basis for further improvements in the cooperation and coordination between the UN and the AU. During the EGM, it was agreed that there is room for

8 7 additional synergies between the UN s Agenda 2030 and the AU s Agenda 2063, and related initiatives such as the Silencing the Guns campaign. These agendas and initiatives provide a set of shared principles and objectives that can be used to promote information sharing and coordination, so that through burden sharing and division of work, on the basis of comparative advantage and predictable joint engagement, the UN and AU are both able to improve efficiencies and overall effectiveness. The implementation of the AU s financial and organisational reforms, that will strengthen its financial independence and organisational effectiveness, will be an important element in further enhancing the UN-AU strategic partnership. Greater predictability is a key element for this partnership, especially when it comes to support, including financial support, which the UN will provide when it authorises the AU to act on its behalf. Another aspect of partnership that participants addressed was the need to enhance and clarify AU-REC/RM cooperation. The principle of subsidiarity, as it relates to the UN-AU- RECs/RMs, and in the context of the emerging global peace and security architecture, needs to be defined and structured. Experts at the meeting discussed the emergence of new regional ad hoc security initiatives, such as the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) in the Lake Chad Basin, the G5-Sahel Force and the Regional Initiative to counter the Lord s Resistance Army. These, together with the growing use of regional intervention forces in UN peace operations, such as the Force Intervention Brigade in the UN mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) and the Regional Protection Force in the UN mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), are seen as further examples of the growing recognition that those countries closer to a crisis are more inclined to bring the conflict to resolution. At the same time, there is recognition that vested interests can make such regional interventions problematic, and there is thus a need to direct and oversee such interventions via AU and UN political and legal authorisations, support and involvement. 5. National and Local Ownership Participants in the EGM acknowledged the importance of fully endorsing and aligning all international efforts with the principle of national and local ownership. However, in the discussion it was also recognised that the principle does not negate the fact that the subregional, AU and UN bodies must take into account that not all national and local leaders are committed to sustainable peace. Some are pre-occupied with staying in power, regardless of the negative impact on their countries, people or the economy. Others need help to manage corruption and nepotism, or support to combat terrorism, or assistance to resist state-capture by transnational organised criminal organisations. It was also recognised that the UN and the AU should support transformative processes that empower national and local ownership, enhance social cohesion and promote the inclusion of all parts of a society, and that enable equity and social harmony. This will require the development of leadership values and skills, both within the UN and AU to support such processes, without becoming prescriptive or otherwise undermining

9 8 national ownership, as well as the development of a future generation of leaders that put their communities, societies and nations above their own personal interests. 6. Whole Systems Approach Experts at the meeting recognised that the combination of challenges facing the UN, AU, sub-regional organisations, States and communities in Africa terrorism, violent extremism, transnational organised crime, environmental stressors, fragile peace processes and weak institutions require a comprehensive approach. There can be no peace without development and no development without peace. A whole systems approach is needed that align the various dimensions peace, security, governance & socio-economic development behind a shared political-strategic vision and plan. These dimensions, or aspects thereof, can however not be sequenced chronologically. All these systems need to be engaged simultaneously to generate a cumulative effect. This requires a high degree of cooperation, coordination and coherence, to avoid duplication and overlap and to enable complementarity and synergy. Joint planning helps to ensure that all the dimensions contribute to a shared objective, underpinned by a mutually agreed theory of change, a set of priorities, and an iterative process for assessing progress and facilitating adaptation. Whilst there is broad agreement on the need for such a whole systems approach, the EGM noted that day-to-day efforts are still being undermined by competition among UN agencies, between the UN and AU, and between the AU and the RECs. Strong leadership is needed to overcome these lingering tensions, and each institution need to take concrete steps to address those disincentives that exist in their respective rules, regulations and operating cultures that undermine integration and harmonization. The EGM had a special focus on the role of the private sector, job creation, infrastructure development and energy production in periods of crisis and transition. It was acknowledged that these aspects are often poorly connected with the peace, security, governance and even development aspects of transition planning, and that much more needs to be done to integrate these economic dimensions into a whole systems approach. It was pointed out that technocratic solutions and economic incentives can be used to leverage political outcomes. Infrastructure development can contribute to sustaining development and peace. When it comes to the role of the private sector, one of the interesting perspectives that emerged was the question of what can be done to help the private sector strengthen its resilience so that private companies can stay in countries during volatile transition periods. 7. Women, Peace and Security When it comes to the role of women, participants in the meeting noted that Resolution 1325 and its subsequent resolutions (1820, 1889 and 1960), which emphasize the role of women in conflict and conflict resolution and seek to foster a more inclusive approach to mainstreaming gender into peace processes, are acknowledged at the higher policy levels, but poorly understood and implemented at the operational and community levels. Progress with the implementation of the four main pillars of Resolution

10 9 prevention, protection, participation, peacebuilding and recovery - has been well captured in the Global Study on the Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution Practitioners may be aware of the importance of incorporating gender perspectives into their analysis, planning and programming, but they still struggle with generating new practices that apply these insights into their day-to-day work. A number of practical suggestions were considered and generated to integrate gender perspectives into early warning, prevention, mediation, peace operations and peacebuilding. For instance, one recommendation was that special political missions and peace operations work with local, civic and national institutions to form representative advisory committees, which can assist them with developing their gender strategies and can inform all aspects of these missions work. The experts present concluded that strong leadership and commitment at all levels is necessary to break free from tokenism and go beyond boxticking, so that the existing policies and commitments can be implemented. 8. Youth Participants shed some light on the significant untapped potential of empowering the youth to be positive change agents in many transitional processes. In this regard, experts expressed their concern about the limited opportunities available for youth to participate in decision-making processes that affect their lives. More research focusing on practical ways to increase youth involvement in all types of peace missions is required. Participants recognised that youth is not a monolithic category or group, but rather comprises a plurality or constituencies that should be identified, mobilized and involved in all aspects analysis, planning, programming, implementation, assessment of peace missions. 9. Civilian Capacities Experts at the meeting explained that there is a tendency to emphasize securitised approaches when it comes to the international crisis management. In order to prioritise the primacy of politics and to generate a whole systems approach to transition management, civilian capacities, and especially those of the AU s special political missions and peace operations, should be significantly enhanced. In addition, the number of experts with the appropriate education, knowledge and skills that can perform the range of tasks that civilian experts need to perform in transition management, needs to increase. Africa s peacekeeping and peacebuilding training centres, universities and other places of education and training, need to significantly increase their focus on the peace, security, governance and development areas of knowledge needed to prepare civilian experts for the specific roles they perform in peace operations and special political missions, especially in consolidating stabilisation and in the transition to longterm peacebuilding.

11 Rule of Law The police are seen as the public face of safety, security and the rule of law, to whom people can turn for protection. Restoring the public s trust in the maintenance of law and order is a critical element in any successful transition. The deployment of international police as part of an UN, AU or sub-regional peace missions can help repair the community s faith and trust in national or local police institutions. However, the police are only one element of the criminal justice system. According to participants at the EGM, in addition to improving the effectiveness of international police deployments, more attention is needed to prepare and deploy judicial experts with the appropriate knowledge of the relevant legal systems, as well as knowledge about restoring, or establishing, the full spectrum of services of a criminal justice system in societies where these systems has collapsed, or that were severely affected by political crisis or violent conflict. A third critical element is the normalisation of correction services. These have often been politicised and conditions in prisons are usually dire due to systemic neglect. 11. Knowledge Gap A golden thread that ran through all the discussions, was a recognition that the types of crisis and conflicts that the UN and AU should respond to has changed so drastically over the last decades that it has outpaced the existing knowledge base. For instance, there is a significant body of knowledge on peacekeeping, but both the UN and AU are increasingly tasked to undertake stabilization operations. There was an emphasis on learning lessons and identifying best practices in the past, but now this approach is questioned, because of the pace of change which makes such lessons and practices obsolete, and because it is now recognised that each situation requires its own context-specific response that should be arrived at together with the society in transition. The standard models of the previous era have been based on sequenced approaches to stability, peace and development, whilst in most situations the UN and AU are facing today, for instance in the case of AMISOM in Somalia, there is a need to support governance, security sector reform and development initiatives amidst ongoing conflict. Linear assumptions, such as that more development leads to greater stability and peace, or that good governance defeats insurgencies, have been debunked. It is now recognised that some forms of development and peacebuilding can contribute to inequality and marginalisation. There is now also a growing recognition that the type and pace of institution-building and democratization matters, and that some processes can have negative consequences and contribute to instability, such as mutinies and coups, or electoral violence. Participants in the EGM have thus identified the need to invest greater efforts into generating new evidenced-based knowledge that can assist the UN, the AU and other partners to improve the effectiveness of their responses to these new emerging challenges.

12 11 RECOMMENDATIONS In order to address this knowledge gap, experts attending the EGM recommended that OSAA should support the establishment of an African Research Network on Peace Security and Development Nexus. The network will bring together African think tanks, research institutes and training centres, including practitioners in the UN System. The network will be used as a sounding board to inform decision making and strategies in peace, security and development to the AU and the UN. The goals of the network should be: 1. To facilitate systematic collaboration among the members, to help them generate evidenced-based research that can inform policy and practice. 2. To facilitate an ongoing dialogue between members of the network, policymakers and practitioners, so that they can understand the knowledge requirements of the policy makers and practitioners, and grasp the format in which such knowledge needs to be presented for it to be useful for practical application. Effective knowledge exchange among the practitioners will be an important way to share, replicate, and scale up what works in peace, security, and development.

13 12 3. To harness, and then share and transfer this knowledge. 4. To connect practitioners and/or key stakeholders around shared peace, security and development challenges. 5. To facilitate timely and systematic sharing of knowledge in the form of good practices, lessons learned, and insights. 6. To catalyse results. the Network in this regard: One of the ways in which such knowledge can be used is to update the training curriculum of the centres that prepare and educate Africa s peacekeepers and peacebuilders, so that the training they offer reflect the latest knowledge and insights generated by the research community, and the following priority thematic areas should guide the work of Operationalize the African Peace and Security Architecture and the Partnership on Africa s Integration and Development Agenda This entails coordination between the AU, the UN Regional offices (e.g. UNOWAS, UNOCA, etc.), as well as the Regional Economic Communities ( RECs ECOWAS, ECCAS, etc.). The RECs play an important role in helping to defuse tensions and in supporting national actors in reaching peaceful political settlements. The Network can help the African peacekeeping and peacebuilding training centres to identify which aspects of the partnerships and the inter-relationships of the peace, security and development agendas should be reflected in their training curricula. Incorporate Conflict Prevention into Development Policies and Programme This will require establishing a partnership between the African peacekeeping and peacebuilding training centres and policy development institutions such as the Department of Social Affairs of the AUC, the Economic Commission for Africa, the NEPAD Agency and other relevant think-tanks. The Network can help facilitate these partnerships and leverage them to generate research that can make it easier for the training centres to

14 13 integrate conflict-sensitive and preventive development practices into their peace operations and peacebuilding training curricula. Establish a Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism to Track Compliance on Matters Related to Social Responsibilities Peace support operations and special political missions need to be able to track progress and monitor the effects their actions are having on the people and communities they serve. They need to evaluate their effectiveness and efficiency, so that they can adapt and stay relevant despite the highly dynamic and fluid political and security contexts they operate in. The Network can help the training centres with identifying and developing a monitoring and evaluation model that is appropriate for AU peace operations and special political missions, and that can be added to their training curricula. Facilitate Knowledge and Experience-sharing through Networked and Innovative Processes, and Deliver Innovative Training An emphasis on knowledge sharing, focusing on a combination of gathered information, collaboration and peer-to-peer interactions among the peacekeeping and peacebuilding training centres is highly recommended. Knowledge sharing will help promote the exchange of innovative approaches to peace support operations and post-conflict reconstruction and development, by leveraging successful experiences across regions and at the global level. The Network should act as a catalyst to further enhance knowledge sharing between the UN, AU, RECs and training centres. Enhancing Effectiveness by Leveraging Partnerships The Network should help African peacekeeping and peacebuilding training centres to leverage partnerships with the AU, the NEPAD Agency, the RECs and the UN System, in order to take full advantage of existing synergetic approaches and complementary resources (financial, human and institutional). Advocacy Building on these partnerships, the Network should support the African peacekeeping and peacebuilding training centres in their design of effective advocacy strategies and modalities, and to better monitor the implementation of their work programmes. The Network should also support mechanisms that enable mutual accountability, which will be essential in building a true, balanced and mature partnership. The network should also make a special effort to identify and introduce new and innovative technologies and approaches that can be employed by the peace mission s community. The network, in close cooperation with the policy and practitioner s communities should focus on evidenced-based research that can help these communities understand which factors influence effectiveness, so that they are able to discard those assumptions and practices that are not supported by evidence and re-focus on those practices that have had positive results. In the process the network should help

15 practitioners improve their ability to monitor and track results, and to use them to enhance organizational learning and adaptation. 14

16 15 WAY FORWARD The engagement of the different members through this partnership highlights their ambition to connect with one another and create a lynchpin of African knowledge exchange on peace, security and development, by linking practitioners and policymakers to sources and centres of cutting-edge knowledge and innovative solutions that connect and address the African peace, security and development agenda. The network will therefore be developing a range of knowledge products and services, in order to help development practitioners, policymakers, academics, the African Union and the United Nations, to plan, implement, and get results out of their knowledge sharing. The strategic plan of the network will be launched in November, 2017 in Durban (South Africa). The network will be officially launched on the margins of the African Union Summit in January 2018.

17 16 ANNEX A: PROGRAMME 28 September 2017, Cape Town 9:00am - 9:10am 9:10am - 10:30am Introduction and stage setting by Talla Kebe, OSAA Welcoming & Opening Session Welcome by Mr. David Mehdi Hamam, Director, OSAA, and Acting Special Adviser on Africa Welcome by Ms. Fatou Leigh, Economic Adviser, UNDP South Africa Keynote address on the African Union United Nations strategic partnership by Ambassador Haile Menkerios, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UN Office to the African Union (UNOAU) Objectives of the EGM, Mr. Raul De Melo Cabral, Chief Coordination, Advocacy and Programme Development Branch, OSAA Main Facilitator: Dr. Cedric de Conning, Senior Advisor, Peacekeeping & Peacebuilding, ACCORD 11:00am 12:30pm Session 1: Managing Transitions from Stabilization to Long-term Peacebuilding and Development: Lessons Identified from AU and UN Experience Moderator: Dr. Sarjoh Bah, Head, Crisis Management and Post- Conflict and Reconstruction Division, African Union Commission Panel & Facilitated Discussion: Ambassador Francisco Madeira, Special Envoy of AU for Somalia and Head of AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)

18 17 Ms. Mbaranga Gasarabwe, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, UN Resident Coordinator, Humanitarian Coordinator, UN Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) Mr. Waldemar Very, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Political Affairs and the Rule of Law, UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) 1:30pm 3:00pm Session 2: Synergies between the African Governance Architecture (AGA) and the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Moderator: Mrs. Sophia Gallina, Peace and Security Advisor, GIZ SADC Panel & Facilitated Discussion: Dr. Ablassé Ouédraogo, Former Foreign Affairs Minister of Burkina Faso and Former Special Envoy of the African Union to Madagascar Mrs. Xorname Abra Noagbesenu, Director of Policy, Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Center Prof. Tim Murithi, Head, Justice and Peacebuilding, The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation

19 18 3:30pm 5:00pm Session 3: Insights on the Role Women and Youth Can Play to Help Peacekeeping and Special Political Missions to Achieve their Mandates 3:30-3:50 Presentation by Dr. Linda Darkwa, Training for Peace Coordinator, Addis Ababa 3:50 4:10 Presentation by Ms. Loveness Nyakujarah, Senior Adviser, UN Women 4:10 5:00 Group discussions on implications for curriculum of peacekeeping and peacebuilding centres 29 September 2017, Cape Town 9:00am 10:45am Session 4: The Important Role that the Private Sector, Job Creation, Economic Development and Research Could Play in Stabilisation, Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development Moderator: Prof. Anthoni van Nieuwkerk, Wits School of Governance

20 19 Panel & Facilitated Discussion: Dr. John E. Tambi, Transport Advisor to the CEO, NEPAD Mr. Olufunso Somorin, Senior Policy Officer, Transition Support Department (Fragile States Department), African Development Bank (AfDB) Ms. Loveness Nyakujarah, Senior Adviser, UN Women Dr. Linda Darkwa, Training for Peace Coordinator, Addis Ababa 11:00am 12:30pm Session 5: Preparing Civilian and Police Experts for the Specific Roles They Perform in Peace Operations and Special Political Missions, Especially in Consolidating Stabilization and in the Transition to Long-term Peacebuilding. Moderator: Ms. Irene Limo, Coordinator, Peacemaking Unit, ACCORD Presentation by Mrs. Yvonne Akpasom, Peace and Security Advisor, GIZ ECOWAS Panel & Facilitated Discussion: Dr. Sarjoh Bah, Head, Crisis Management and Post-Conflict and Reconstruction Division, African Union Commission Dr. Aleu Garang, Coordinator, Mediation Support, IGAD Mr. Ahmed Mokhtar Awed Abdo, Conflict Prevention and Early Warning Division, African Union Commission Director Anand Pillay, Commissioner of Police, AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)

21 20 12:30pm 1:00pm Closing session Presentation of the motion of thanks by Ms. Mbaranga Gasarabwe, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, UN Resident Coordinator, Humanitarian Coordinator, UN Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) Closing keynote address, Mr. Nicholas Haysom, Special Envoy of the UN Secretary- General for Sudan and South Sudan Closing remarks, Ambassador Francisco Madeira, Special Envoy of AU for Somalia and Head of AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) Closing remarks, Mr. David Mehdi Hamam, Director, OSAA, and Acting Special Adviser on Africa Way forward by Mr. Talla Kebe

22 21 ANNEX B: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 1. Mr. Ahmed Mokhtar Awed Abdo, Conflict Prevention and Early Warning Division, African Union Commission 2. Mrs. Yvonne Akpasom, Peace and Security Advisor, GIZ ECOWAS 3. Dr. Sarjoh Bah, Head, Crisis Management and Post-Conflict and Reconstruction Division, African Union Commission 4. Mr. Raul De Melo Cabral, Chief Coordination, Advocacy and Programme Development Branch, OSAA 5. Dr. Cedric de Conning, Senior Advisor, Peacekeeping & Peacebuilding, ACCORD 6. Dr. Linda Darkwa, Training for Peace Coordinator, Addis Ababa 7. Mrs. Sophia Gallina, Peace and Security Advisor, GIZ SADC 8. Dr. Aleu Garang, Coordinator, Mediation Support, IGAD 9. Ms. Mbaranga Gasarabwe, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, UN Resident Coordinator, Humanitarian Coordinator, UN Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) 10. Mr. David Mehdi Hamam, Director, Acting Special Adviser on Africa, OSAA 11. Mr. Nicholas Haysom, Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General for Sudan and South Sudan 12. Christian Ichite, Policy Adviser Nigerian National Defense College 13. Themba Kalua, Deputy Representative, UN Women South Africa 14. Talla Kebe, EGM coordinator, OSAA 15. Ms. Fatou Leigh, Economic Adviser, UNDP South Africa 16. Ms. Annette H. Leijenaar, Division Head, Conflict Management and Peacebuilding, ISS 17. Ms. Irene Limo, Coordinator, Peacemaking Unit, ACCORD 18. Mr. James, Machakaire, Coordinator Peacekeeping Unit, ACCORD 19. Ambassador Francisco Madeira, Special Envoy of AU for Somalia and Head of AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) 20. Mutsa Mangezi, Legal Adviser, ICRC 21. Michela Marazzani, Manager, COOPI 22. Ambassador Haile Menkerios, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UN Office to the African Union (UNOAU) 23. Prof. Tim Murithi, Head, Justice and Peacebuilding, The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation 24. Prof. Anthoni van Nieuwkerk, Wits School of Governance 25. Sibusisiwe Nkosi, Programme Officer Peacekeeping Unit, ACCORD 26. Mrs. Xorname Abra Noagbesenu, Director of Policy, Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Center 27. Ms. Loveness Nyakujarah, Senior Adviser, UN Women 28. Charles Nyuykonge, Sr. Researcher, ACOORD 29. Dr. Ablassé Ouédraogo, Former Foreign Affairs Minister of Burkina Faso and Former Special Envoy of the African Union to Madagascar 30. Director Anand Pillay, Commissioner of Police, AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) 31. Mr. Olufunso Somorin, Senior Policy Officer, Transition Support Department (Fragile States Department), African Development Bank (AfDB) 32. Dr. John E. Tambi, Transport Advisor to the CEO, NEPAD 33. Mr. Waldemar Vrey, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Political and Rule of Law, UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) 34. Charles Ukuje, Africa Peace and Security Programme