donors for strengthening democratic governance

Transcription

1 Strategies t of the UN and bilateral l donors for strengthening democratic governance STM103 Class 2

2 Class Structure 1. Overview of strategic options Identify key strategies, actors, programs Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK, US Fride readings Survey of European Democracy Policies The role, structure and resources of the UN-UNDP Organizational structure, agencies, and roles UNDP operational principles Strengths and limits of the UNDP culture Challenges and opportunities 3. Discussion exercise: Strategic recommendations Advise one of the bilateral donors about strategic priorities From your reading and experience, what strategies and thematic priorities would you recommend?

3 1. Overview of strategic t options, agencies and themes

4 Reading Richard Youngs (ed) Survey of Democracy Promotion Policies (Fride) What strategic t priorities iti and policies i are followed on democracy promotion by major bilateral l development agencies? Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK, (US)

5 Strategic options Types of strategies Capacity development Monitoring Brokerage Legal conventions Aid Conditionality Financial Military With civil society Elections Dialogue International Negative Trade sanctions Peacekeeping Force With government Human rights Diplomacy Regional Positive Debt relief External intervention Corruption Give example of each? Any other options? In your reading, which options were used most often? Pros and cons of each?

6 Types of actors Multilateral organizations Regional organizations Bilaterals UN and its agencies International NGOs E.g. ICNRD, CD, IPU, IDEA, IFES, TI E.g. European Union, African Union, Organization of American States Government development ministries E.g. Dfid, Norad, Cida, Sida NGO development agencies e.g. Stiftungen, NED, NDI, ABA PPP egmicrosoft, CISCO

7 Thematic options Civil society Media, ICTs, and freedom of information Electoral systems and processes Political parties NGOs Governance Decentralization Public sector reform Anti-corruption Parliaments Justice and rule of law Principles Human rights Constitutional reform Gender equality and women s representation Minority rights

8 2. The role, structure and resources of the UN

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10 UN Agencies related to DG Within the UN family United National Development Programme (UNDP) UN Department t of Political l Affairs/Electoral l Assistancei UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR) UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs (UN- DESA) UN Department of Peace Keeping Operations (DPKO) UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) The World Bank Institute/World Bank UN Democracy Fund Within UNDP Democratic Governance Practice Bureau of Conflict Prevention & Recovery UNCDF UNV

11 DG

12 UNDP Focus Areas Source: UNDP Strategic Plan : Focus Areas

13 UNDP income,

14 UNDP largest donors, 2005

15 UNDP expenditure, 2005 DG is the largest area $1.4bn

16 Principles and role of the UNDP National ownership Capacity development Gender equality and women s empowerment Multilateral cooperation, technical assistance, and aid effectiveness South-south cooperation Long-term sustainable human development Values from the Millennium Declaration (Freedom, Equality, Solidarity, Tolerance, Respect for Nature, Shared Responsibility)

17 Strengths of the UNDP International legitimacy of the UN Trusted impartial partner working with national governments and bilateral donors Global coverage (Staff and offices in 130 program countries) No aid conditionality Dedicated staff

18 Limitations of the UNDP Lack of coherence Decentralized structure with real power in country offices (and thus national partners) Accountability to the UNDP Executive Board Can only go as far as there is an international consensus at the UN Limited budget dispersed across multiple outcomes Often low-level technical assistance rather than large innovative projects with major impact Complex organization and flat managerial structure Feeding the beast Social networks Deeply pyanti-intellectual and conservative culture Pushback against change Little information derived from outside the organization Flat culture of information sharing from COs Lack of staff capacity Poor accountability for results Few good impact/evaluation measures

19 4. Conclusions: Challenges and future priorities

20 Challenges for UN & UNDP UN reform and cohesion High Level e Panel Delivering e as One 8 pilot nations Debate about speed of reform Role of UNDP in coordinating UN agencies The UNDP Strategic Plan Pushback on human rights based development Issues of implementation and impact Problems of vertical integration from corporate, regional and country levels Challenge of horizontal integration ti among UN agencies

21 Democratic governance can be strengthened but Requires long-term investment in capacity development Needs national ownership, multilateral and south-south cooperation Risky enterprise with no guarantees of success, especially in rebuilding states emerging from conflict

22 Further information