Organizations Promoting Internationalism Key Questions Foreign Aid Foreign Aid The United Nations Goal: 0.7% of GDP Benefits of foreign aid

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1 1 2 Organizations Promoting Internationalism Key Questions How have changing world conditions promoted the need for internationalism? How have the United Nations changing international responses affected nationalism? How do the responses of various international organizations affect nationalism? How does the participation (or non participation) in these organizations affect individual and collective identity? 3 Foreign Aid 4 Foreign Aid emergency relief (e.g. helping victims of an earthquake) development aid (e.g. donating money to help a region improve their agricultural technology). Often aid is given through multilateral organizations, like NGOs or the World Bank. Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) works to organize aid being given by both public (government) and private agencies. goal is to coordinate efforts to reduce poverty and support sustainable development in developing countries. Tied aid: conditions or strings attached Last year Canada donated more than four billion dollars to other nation-states. What is your opinion regarding the amount of money and goods Canada donates to other nations? 1

2 NGOs Tied Canadian sustainable (government) goal works aid: is conditions the to to International organize coordinate World development and Bank. or private aid strings efforts Development being agencies. developing attached to given reduce by Agency both poverty countries. public (CIDA) and support Tied Canadian sustainable (government) goal works aid: is conditions to to International organize coordinate development and or private aid strings efforts Development being agencies. developing attached to given reduce by Agency both poverty countries. public (CIDA) and support Tied sustainable (government) goal works aid: is conditions to to organize coordinate development and or private aid strings efforts being agencies. developing attached to given reduce by both poverty countries. public and support Tied sustainable (government) goal aid: is conditions to coordinate development and or private strings efforts agencies. developing attached to reduce poverty countries. and support Tied sustainable goal aid: is conditions to coordinate development or strings efforts developing attached to reduce poverty countries. and support Last goods Tied sustainable year aid: Canada conditions development donates donated or strings to more other developing attached than nations? four billion countries. dollars to Last other nation-states. 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3 killings and "disappearances 17 Doctors Without Borders Médecins Sans Frontières provides emergency medical assistance to populations in danger. Goal: To raise awareness of crisis situations by speaking out, either in private with government leaders or in public through advertising and news media. Sets out to alleviate human suffering, to protect life and health and to restore and ensure respect for the human beings. 18 CARE dedicated to helping the world's poor children and their families to solve their most threatening problems by providing immediate support and community programs. Started by organizing aid to war-torn Europe in World Vision One of many Christian organizations Goal is to assist children and their families out of extreme poverty Programs include sponsoring a child and 30 hour famine 20 Greenpeace It s time to take back the planet activists sailed into atomic testing zone of Alaska to protest 3

4 protest Name: green (environment) peace (end war) Uses political lobbying and scientific enquiry along with direct protests to protect the environment Economic Organizations World Bank ( Created after World War Two to help rebuild countries damaged by war Gives loans to countries in financial difficulty Countries must meet certain conditions to get loans: Reduce debt and government corruption Promote free market principles (capitalism) 23 International Monetary Fund (IMF) ( Works with the World Bank to provide short-term loans Monitors exchange rates for world currencies (they help to determine what currencies like the Canadian dollar are worth, which makes it easier to trade internationally) (Link to Video: The Luckiest Nut: 24 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ( 2 NAFTA is an example of a trading bloc: group of countries that work together to give each other better trade terms, often 4

5 NAFTA is an example of a trading bloc: group of countries that work together to give each other better trade terms, often a form of free trade Organizations that are similar to NAFTA include ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and the EU (European Union) 2 World Trade Organization (WTO) ( Formed from GATT (General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs) GATT created after WW2 à believed free trade would encourage world peace Focus of the WTO Improve trade relations between countries by removing tariffs and trade barriers Members must follow rules on trade, and there is a panel that can help to mediate conflicts peacefully (Link to Video: The Truth Behind the WTO Political Organizations 28 The European Union ( Created initially as an economic trading bloc in 191, has now evolved into a major political organization Objectives: promote social and economic progress (e.g. the single currency was launched in Euro) strengthen European identity by creating a European citizenship that doesn t replace national citizenship (e.g. a European passport to make it easier to travel)

6 citizenship that doesn t replace national citizenship (e.g. a European passport to make it easier to travel) build on established EU law Institutions include the European Parliament, Investment Bank and Court One major advantage of the EU is its ability to encourage economic and political stability in member nations, which reduces conflicts (potential wars) 29 African Union ( Established in 2002, almost all African nation-states belong Main objectives: Overcome negative affects of colonialism and apartheid Promote unity among AU members, while protecting territorial sovereignty Coordinate and promote economic development Promote international cooperation Organizations include a parliament, court and economic council 30 G-8 The Group of Eight ( The eight major developed nations US, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada, Russia (as of 2008 China is considered an emerging developing nation, as is India) Not a formal organization, instead they meet on a regular basis to discuss policy to help influence the foreign policies of member nations In 2008 they dealt with issues as diverse as what to do about the failure of the Kyoto environmental protocol, and the fraudulent elections in Zimbabwe

7 the fraudulent elections in Zimbabwe 31 Arctic Council ( Officially established in 199 to promote environmental, social and economic sustainable development in the Arctic region. Includes representatives from indigenous nations of the regions, as well as representatives from the nation-states of Canada, United States, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia. 32 NATO ( A regional defense alliance whose purpose is to enhance the stability, well-being, and freedom of it s members through collective security Initially created to help protect those nation-states in Europe that were still rebuilding from the damage created by World War Two. USA and Canada were able to support war-torn nations financially and militarily, especially against the threat of communist expansion With the collapse of communism in the early 1990s, some questioned the need for NATO, but NATO has now taken on a peacekeeping/peacemaking role in light of UN weaknesses 33 NORAD ( During the Cold War the threat of nuclear missiles heading from the Soviet Union over the Arctic Circle to Canada and the United States was real U.S. and Canada created a bilateral organization to coordinate radar stations and military action in case of 7

8 U.S. and Canada created a bilateral organization to coordinate radar stations and military action in case of attack, specifically an air attack: North American Aerospace Defense like NATO, role of NORAD has changed with collapse of communism, but alliance still plays an important role. For example, on 9/11, NORAD allowed the governments of Canada and the United States to work together to deal with all of the air traffic already in the air when the attacks happened, and to be prepared for a counter-attack if necessary. Both NATO and NORAD are examples of collective security: members joining together (collective) in order to protect each other (security). 34 International Law there are many different pieces of international law, and a variety of courts in which to enforce those laws. The World Court, NAFTA and WTO all have organizations within them that help to facilitate peaceful solutions when national interests conflict with each other. 3 Some of the conflicts that concern Canada include the U.S. Softwood Lumber dispute, international fishing off the Grand Banks, and control of the Northwest Passage ownership of Hans Island 3 Cultural Organizations NATIONAL GROUPS, NOT NECESSARILY NATION- STATES, HAVE ALSO CREATED INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS. BY TAKING AN INTERNATIONALIST APPROACH, THESE GROUPS CAN MAINTAIN AND PROMOTE THEIR COMMON HERITAGE, LANGUAGE OR CULTURE. 8

9 CAN MAINTAIN AND PROMOTE THEIR COMMON HERITAGE, LANGUAGE OR CULTURE. 37 World Council of Indigenous Peoples Created in 1974 by a member of the Shuswap tribe in Canada, it gained observer status in the United Nations (organization dissolved in 199) Focus: having aboriginal rights accepted on a worldwide scale Rights in economic, political, social, environmental and cultural areas 38 La Francophonie ( (l'organisation internationale de la Francophonie) Includes states that gained independence from French colonization, although its membership only requires the support of French language and culture within a state ( member states) Goals To promote and protect the French language and unique cultures through shared aims Encourage democracy and human rights Advance education and research 39 The Commonwealth ( association of 4 independent sovereign states who were formally colonized by Great Britain. Focus: to advance democracy, human rights and sustainable economic and social development within its member countries 9

10 Focus: to advance democracy, human rights and sustainable economic and social development within its member countries and beyond (developed nations helping less developed nations). Canada is considered a major nation-state in the Commonwealth as our economy and government are more developed than some of the other member states. 40 United Nations Development Fund for Women Provides financial and technical assistance for women to promote gender equality Focus: reducing feminized poverty (the fact that more women than men are poor) ending violence against women reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS among women and girls achieving gender equality 41 10