IR 5119 Issues for Turkey in the Global Political Economy

Transcription

1 IR 5119 Issues for Turkey in the Global Political Economy Spring 2018 Class time: Monday 09:40-12:30 and Thursday 09:40-10:30 in A326 Contact Information Pınar İpek Office Hours: Thursday 13:00-15:00 or by appointment via an Office: A325 / web page: or Moodle info: Moodle will be used for this course. You can access Moodle by logging into STARS/SRS. Once you open your course schedule you will see the link to access Moodle. Course materials and weekly course schedule will be posted on Moodle. Aims and Objectives This course aims to expand graduate students background in international/global political economy with a focus on issues important for Turkey. The course topics are grouped through a historical overview of the political economy of Turkey in relation to structural economic transformations and political developments in the globalization process. The course is divided into three sections. Section one briefly introduces the relationship between the institutional legacy of the early modernization, industrialization during the Ottoman Empire and state-led development in Turkey between 1908 and 1960s. In this section the role of state in economic growth and development will be discussed in competing theories of political economy of development. Section two examines the economic crises and market liberalization period between 1980 and A specific focus will be on the role of state, changes and continuities in statesociety relationship within the theoretical debates about internationalization of state in globalization process, institutional change, and politics of trade, foreign investment, finance and human development in neoliberalism. Section three will reconsider state, society and business relations in era of the post-2001 financial crisis of Turkey. The changes and continuities will be facilitated in seeking puzzles for further research by the students so that selected issues in the case of Turkey can be studied in light of different theoretical arguments covered in previous sections. At the end of the this course, you will - Know historical developments of Turkish political economy Understand structural and actor/social forces driven challenges in trade, transnational production, global financial system, and human development for Turkey in global political economy. Be able to apply the acquired course knowledge and theoretical perspectives to seek puzzles for further research and potentially for your thesis in the field of global political economy.

2 Readings and Resources Required and recommended readings are listed under the weekly schedule. Articles and book chapters are available in electronic or in printed form at the Bilkent Library. Weekly Schedule SECTION ONE: State-led Development ( ) Week 1: Introduction to the Course (Jan 29 and Feb 1) Week 2: Ottoman Legacy, Modernization and Economy ( ) (Feb 5 and 8) State and Markets in Historical Context 1. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1944), Chapter Mehmet Genc, State and the Economy in the Age of Reforms: Continuity and Change in Kemal H. Karpat (ed.) Ottoman Past and Today's Turkey (Leiden: Brill, 2000), pp Sevket Pamuk, Institutional Change and the Longevity of the Ottoman Empire, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 35: 2 (Autumn, 2004): Erik J. Zürcher, Turkey A Modern History (London: I.B. Tauris, 1997), Chapter 8 Finance and economics: from liberalism to nationalism, pp Sevket Pamuk, The Recovery of the Ottoman Monetary System in the 18 th Century in Kemal H. Karpat (ed.) Ottoman Past and Today's Turkey (Leiden: Brill, 2000), pp Sevket Pamuk, The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism, : trade, investment, and production. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987) - Zafer Toprak, Türkiye'de Milli Iktisat, (Ankara : Yurt, 1982) - Zafer Toprak, İttihad-Terakki ve Cihan Harbi : Savaş Ekonomisi ve Türkiye'de Devletçilik, (İstanbul : Homer, 2003) - Korkut Boratav, Türkiye İktisat Tarihi (Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 2006, 10 th edition) Chapter 1, pp Week 3: Etatism, Liberalism and Economy ( , , and ) (Feb 12 and 15) State and Development in Developing Countries 1 1. Stephan Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries (Cornell University Press, 1990), Introduction and Chapter Ayse Bugra, State and Business in Modern Turkey (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1994), Chapter Erik J. Zürcher, Turkey A Modern History (London: I.B. Tauris, 1997) Chapter 11 Economic developments in the one-party era pp and Chapter 12 Economic developments in early multi-party era, pp

3 4. Henri Barkey, The State and the Industrialization Crisis in Turkey (Boulder, Westview Press, 1990) Chapter 3 The Historical Antecedents of Import Substitution in Turkey pp Mustafa Türkeş A Patriotic Leftist Development Strategy Proposal in Turkey in the 1930s: The Case of the Kadro (Cadre) Movement, Int. J. Middle East Stud. 33 (2001), Osman Okyar, The Concept of Etatism, The Economic Journal, 75: 297 (March 1965), H.Ozan Ozavci, Intellectual Origins of the Republic: Ahmet Agaoglu and the Geneaology of Liberalism in Turkey, (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2015), Chapter 7- Etatism and Private Initiative, pp Nevzat Evrim Onal, Osmanli Imparatorlugu ndan Cumhuriyet e Geciste Buyuk Toprak Sahiplerinin Sinifsal Rolu ve Donusumu, METU Development Studies 39 (April 2012): Korkut Boratav, Türkiye İktisat Tarihi (Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 2006, 10 th edition) Chapters 2-6, pp Taha Parla and Andrew Davison, Corporatist Ideology In Kemalist Turkey: Progress Or Order? (Syracuse University Press, 2004), Chapters 2, 7 and 8. - Tevfik Cavdar, Türkiye de Liberalizm, , (Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 1992). - Ahmet İnsel, Türkiye de Liberalizmin Soyçizgisi, in Liberalizm, Modern Türkiye de Siyasal Düşünce, ed. Murat Yılmaz, (Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2005). Week 4: Import Substitution Industrialization and Private Sector ( ) (Feb 19 and 22) State and Development in Developing Countries 2 1. Atul Kohli, State Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery (Cambridge, University Press, 2004), Conclusion (p. 381 and onwards) 2. Erik J. Zürcher, Turkey A Modern History (London: I.B. Tauris, 1997) Chapter 14 the economy: planning and import substitution, pp Henri Barkey, The State and the Industrialization Crisis in Turkey (Boulder, Westview Press, 1990) Chapter 4 Planning and Implementing ISI in Turkey, pp Korkut Boratav, Türkiye İktisat Tarihi (Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 2006, 10 th edition) Chapter 7, pp Week 5 and 6: State and Society (Feb 26 and March 1 & March 5 and 8) Institutions and Change, Varieties of Capitalism 1. Douglass North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge University Press, 1990), Chapter Peter A. Hall and David Soskice (eds.), Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp

4 3. Mark Blyth, Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century, (Cambridge University Press, 2002), Chapter 1- Karl Polanyi and Institutional Change, pp.1-11, and Chapter 2- A Theory of Institutional Change, pp Jackson, Gregory and Deeg, Richard, From Comparing Capitalisms to the Politics of Institutional Change Review of International Political Economy, 15:4 (October 2008): Dani Rodrik, Institutions for High Quality Growth: What They Are and How to Acquire Them, Studies in Comparative International Development 35, 3 (2000). Week 7: State and Society: Power and class relations (March 12 and 15) The State and Business 1. Simon Clarke (editor), The State Debate (Palgrave McMillan, 1991), Chapter 1 pp Nicos Poulantzas, Classes in Contemporary Capitalism, (London: Verso, 1974), Chapters xx. 3. Nicos Poulantzas, State, Power, Socialism, (London and New York: Verso, 2014), Chapters xx. 4. Erik Olin Wright, Classes, (London : Verso, 1985), Chapters xx. 5. Metin Heper, (ed.) Strong State and Economic Interest Groups: The Post 1980 Turkish Experience (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter: 1991): pp Ayse Bugra, State and Business in Modern Turkey (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1994) Chapter 2 Private Business in Turkey: Past and Present, pp and Chapter 5 Business Associations in Turkey, pp Ayse Bugra, State and Business in Modern Turkey (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1994) Chapter 3 Political Context of Business Activity pp SECTION TWO: Market Liberalization and Economic Crisis ( ) Week 8: Export-led Growth, Inflation and Crisis (March 19, March 22 no class, Spring Break) Neoliberalism and Institutional Change 1. Sarah Babb, The Washington Consensus as transnational policy paradigm: Its origins, trajectory and likely successor, Review of International Political Economy, 20:2 (2013): Erik J. Zürcher, Turkey A Modern History (London: I.B. Tauris, 1997) Chapter 15 Economic Restructuring: export drive instead of import substitution pp Ziya Onis, Turgut Ozal and his Economic Legacy: Turkish Neo-Liberalism in Critical Perspective, Middle Eastern Studies 40:4 (January 24, 2007). 4

5 - Ziya Öniş State and Market: The Political Economy of Turkey in Comparative Perspective (İstanbul: Boğaziçi University Press), Chapter 26: Democracy, Populism and Chronic Inflation in Turkey, pp Korkut Boratav, Turkiye Iktisat Tarihi (Ankara: Imge Kitapevi, 2006, 10th edition) Chapter 8, pp Week 9-10: Financial Crises in Capitalism and IMF (March 26 and 28 & April 2 and 5) Internationalization of State in Globalisation 1. Sebnem Oguz, Rethinking Globalisation as Internationalisation of Capital: Implications for Understanding State Restructuring Science & Society 79:3 (July 3, 2015): pp Joachim Hirsch and John Kannankulam, The Spaces of Capital: The Political Form of Capitalism and the Internationalization of the State Antipode 43: 1 (January 2011): Thomas Marios, States, Banks and Crisis (Cheltenham, the UK: Edward Elgar, 2012), Chapter 2- States, banks and crisis in emerging finance capitalism, pp Umit Cizre-Sakallioglu and Erinc Yeldan, Politics, Society and Financial Liberalization: Turkey in the 1990s, Development and Change 31 (2000): Yilmaz Akyuz and Korkut Boratav, The Making of the Turkish Financial Crisis, World Development 31:9 (2003): For those student who are unfamiliar with global political economy of finance intro level textbook readings: Eric Helleiner, The Evolution of International Monetary and Financial System (Chapter 8), in Global Political Economy ed. John Ravenhill, (Oxford University Press, 2017, 5 th edition), pp Louis W. Pauly, The Political Economy of Global Financial Crisis, (Chapter 9) in Global Political Economy ed. John Ravenhill, (Oxford University Press, 2017, 5 th edition), pp Kindleberger, C.P. Manias, Panics and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises, (New York: Basic Books, 1978). Susan Strange, Mad Money: When Markets Outgrow Government, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998). Rawi Abdelal, Capital Rules: The Construction of Global Finance, (Cambridge University Press, 2007). SECTION THREE: Turkey in Global Political Economy and Neoliberalism in Crisis Week 10: Neoliberalism in Crisis (April 9 and 12) Emerging Powers and Neoliberalism 1. Leslie Elliott Armijo, Saori N. Katada, New Kids on the Block: Rising Multipolarity, More Financial Statecraft in L. Armijo and S. Katada (eds), The Financial Statecraft of Emerging Powers: Shield and Sword in Asia and Latin America (New York: Pal Grave Macmillan, 2014), pp

6 (Electronic Access: 2. Saori N. Katada and Leslie Elliott Armijo, The Financial Statecraft of Emerging Powers: How, Why, and So What? in L. Armijo and S. Katada (eds), The Financial Statecraft of Emerging Powers: Shield and Sword in Asia and Latin America, (New York: Pal Grave Macmillan, 2014), pp Erinc Yeldan, Neoliberal Global Remedies: From Speculative-Led Growth to IMF- Led Crisis in Turkey, Review of Radical Political Economics 38:193 (June 15, 2006): Sevgi B. Sahin, Central bank independence in Turkey: A neo-gramscian analysis Cooperation and Conflict 47:1 (2012): pp Week 11: Reconsidering State, Society and Business in the post-2001 crisis era-1 (April 9 and 12) Politics of Islam and Capitalism 1. William Hale and Ergun Ozbudun, Islamism, Democracy and Liberalism in Turkey: The Case of AKP, (New York: Routledge, 2010), Chapter 1- The history of Islamist Parties in Turkey, pp Burak Gürel, Islamism: A Comparative-Historical Overview, in The Neoliberal Landscape and the Rise of Islamist Capital in Turkey eds. N. Balkan, E. Balkan and A. Oncu (New York: Berghahn Books, 2015), pp Sebnem Gumuscu and Deniz Sert, The power of the devout bourgeoisie: The case of the Justice and Development Party in Turkey, Middle Eastern Studies 45(6): Week 12: Reconsidering State, Society and Business in the post-2001 crisis era-2 (April 16 and 19) State and Business Relations Reconsidered 1. Ayşe Buğra and Osman Savaşkan, New Capitalism in Turkey : The Relationship between Politics, Religion and Business (2014), chapter 3- The new Political Economy of Capital Accumulation, pp and Chapter 4- Business Associations as politixcal actors Kurtar Yılmaz, The Deep Fracture in the Big Bourgeoisie of Turkey, in The Neoliberal Landscape and the Rise of Islamist Capital in Turkey eds. N. Balkan, E. Balkan and A. Oncu (New York: Berghahn Books, 2015), pp Berk Esen and Sebnem Gumuscu, Building a Competitive Authoritarian Regime: State Business Relations in the AKP s Turkey Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 2017-online published. Week 13: Reconsidering State, Society and Business in the post-2001 crisis era-3 (April 23 and 26) State and Society Relations Reconsidered 1. Zeynep Atalay, Civil Society as Soft Power: Islamic NGOs and Turkish Foreign Policy, in Turkey between Nationalism and Globalization, ed. Riva Kastoryano, (New York: Routledge: 2013) pp Pinar Ipek, Ideas and Change in Foreign Policy Instruments: Soft Power and the Case of the Turkish International Cooperation and Development Agency, Foreign Policy Analysis 11: 2 (2015):

7 3. Mine Eder, Deepening neoliberalization and the changing welfare regime in Turkey: mutations of a populist, sub-optimaş democracy, in Turkey s democratization process eds. C. Rodriguez et al. (New York Routledge: 2014), pp Week 14-15: Reconsidering State, Society and Business in the post-2001 crisis era-4 Politics of Energy and Environment (April 30- no class university holiday, May 3 and May 7-10) 1. Tamer Cetin, Institutional Change in the Turkish Energy Markets, in Understanding the Process of Economic Change in Turkey, eds. Tamer Cetin and FeridunYilmaz, (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010), pp Fikret Adaman, Globalization, Development, and Environmental Policies in Turkey in Understanding the Process of Economic Change in Turkey, eds. Tamer Cetin and FeridunYilmaz, (New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010), pp Kamil Kaygusuz and Murat Arsel, Energy Politics and Policy, in Environmentalism in Turkey: Between Democracy and Development? Eds. Fikret Adaman and Murat Arsel (Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing), pp Pinar Ipek, The Role of Energy Security in Turkish Foreign Policy ( ) in Turkish Foreign Policy: International Relations, Legality and Global Reach, Pinar Gozen (ed.) (Palgrave MacMillan 2017), pp Policies and Procedures General Rules: - Students are expected to check Moodle and Bilkent every week before class time. - Students are highly expected to participate in class discussions. No participation will result in zero point. - Students must present their selected readings and topic on the due date. - Students must submit the research paper on due date. Late submissions will not be accepted and will not be graded. The only exception is for ill students, who must provide a medical report for the due date. The report must be approved by the Bilkent Health Centre. Grading Policies: Presentations and in-class discussions (40 points): - Starting from week 4 the students will present key arguments and future research questions based on the assigned course readings (30 points). - Review questions based on assigned course readings will be ed for in-class discussions (10 points). Take-home mid-term exam (30 points) Research paper (30 points) - The guidelines for topics and expected questions for the research paper will be e- mailed. 7