Published: Alan Felstead and Nick Jewson Global Trends in Flexible Labour. Paul Thompson and Chris Warhurst Workplaces of the Future

Transcription

1 CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON WoRK AND ORGANISATIONS Series editors: David Knights, Department of Management, University of Keele Paul Thompson, Department of Business Studies, University of Edinburgh Chris Smith, School of Management, Royal Holloway, University of London Hugh Willmott, Manchester School of Management, UMlST This series offers a range of titles examining the broad areas of work and organisation within a national and global arena. Each book in the series is written by leading experts and covers a topic chosen to appeal to students and academics. Originating out of the International Labour Process Conference, the series will be informative, topical and leading edge. Published: Alan Felstead and Nick Jewson Global Trends in Flexible Labour Paul Thompson and Chris Warhurst Workplaces of the Future Macmillan Critical Perspectives on Work and Organisations Series Series Standing Order ISBN (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

2 Global Trends in Flexible Labour Edited by Alan Felstead and Nick J ewson ~ \!AC\! I LL \1\ Business

3 Selection, editorial matter and Chapter 1 Alan Felstead and NickJewson 1999 Individual chapters (in order) Mark Harvey, the estate of Nicola Jose de Freitas Armstrong, Sam Rosenberg and June Lapidus, Peter Robinson, Christine Cousins, John Burgess and Glenda Strachan, Sue Yeandle, Tai-lok Lui and Tony Man-yiu Chiu, Eiji Kyotani 1999 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act First published 1999 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN ISBN (eBook) DOI / A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources

4 Contents List of Figures List of Tables f'reface Notes on the Contributors vii viii ix x 1 Flexible Labour and Non-Standard Employment: An Agenda of Issues Alan Felstead and Nick Jewson 1 2 Economies of Time: A Framework for Analysing the Restructuring of Employment Relations Mark Harvey 21 3 Flexible Work in the Virtual Workplace: Discourses and Implications of Teleworking Nicola Jose de Freitas Armstrong 43 4 Contingent and Non-Standard Work in the United States: Towards a More Poorly Compensated, Insecure Workforce Sam Rosenberg and June Lapidus 62 5 Explaining the Relationship between Flexible Employment and Labour Market Regulation f'eter Robinson 84 6 Changing Regulatory Frameworks and Non-Standard Employment: A Comparison of Germany, Spain, Sweden and the UK Christine Cousins The Expansion in Non-Standard Employment in Australia and the Extension of Employers' Control John Burgess and Glenda Strachan Gender Contracts, Welfare Systems and Non-Standard Working: Diversity and Change in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and the UK Sue Yeandle 141 v

5 vi Contents 9 Global Restructuring and Non-Standard Work in Newly Industrialised Economies: The Organisation of Flexible Production in Hong Kong and Taiwan Tai-lok Lui and Tony Man-yiu Chiu 10 New Managerial Strategies of Japanese Corporations Eiji Kyotani Index of Authors Index of Subjects vi

6 List of Figures 2.1 Paid economies of time The multiple articulation of temporalities Part-time employment as a proportion of all employment in the UK Self-employment as a proportion of total employment in the UK Temporary employees as a proportion of all employees in the UK Incidence of self-employment in the OECD countries Incidence of part-trine employment in the OECD countries Incidence of temporary employment in the OECD countries Relation to head of household of the unemployed and duration of unemployment in Germany, Spain and UK Female part-time employment by broad age groups Male part-time employment by broad age groups Persons working part-time by broad age groups as a percentage of all persons working part-time Self-employed workers as a percentage of the economically active population Workers on fixed-term contracts Total numbers employed in family work The changing pattern of regular and non-regular employment in Japan A comparison of wage differentials generated by former policy and new wage payment systems 187 vii

7 List of Tables 2.1 Summary of French and UK construction industry economies of time Employed contingent and non-contingent workers by selected characteristics Contingent and non-contingent workers in the United States by occupation and industry Workers with alternative and traditional work arrangements in the United States by selected characteristics The changing composition of all employment in the UK The changing composition of employment entered by formerly unemployed people in the UK Trends in non-standard employment: Germany, Spain, Sweden and UK Hours of female part-time workers Employment status of the economically active in Spain Unemployment rates in Germany, Spain, Sweden and UK The standard and non-standard workforce in Australia The characteristics of the non-standard workforce Key demographic indicators, , selected European countries Factors relevant to the development of non-standard working arrangements The future composition of the three groups Changing patterns of employment in Japan Proportion of staff in Japanese corporations with annual payment systems The job grading system and the practice of promations Early retirement and 'supporting shifting gears' policies Job career path programme in major banks 192 viii

8 Preface Most of the chapters in this volume began life as papers delivered at the Fifteenth Annual International Labour Process Conference held in Edinburgh. We organised one of the streams on non-standard forms of employment and flexible labour, inviting a range of specialist scholars from all over the world to make contributions. Their presentations form the nucleus of this book. We would sincerely like to thank all those who attended and participated in this enjoyable event. We would also like to acknowledge our gratitude to the conference organisers for suggesting that we put this collection of essays together, and to our Series Editor, Chris Smith. Finally we would like to thank Ian Goodchild for the excellent help he gave us in preparing the manuscript for publication. Alan Felstead Nick Jewson ix

9 Notes on the Contributors NICOLA JOSE DE FREITAS ARMSTRONG was formerly a Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. She published in the areas of paid and unpaid work, the state and feminist research. Tragically she died on 15June1998 shortly after completing her contribution to this book. JOHN BURGESS is Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. His research interests include employment restructuring, regional workplace industrial relations, employment policy and comparative public policy. Has published articles in the Australian Bulletin of Labour, New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations, International Journal of Employment Studies, and Labour and Industry. TONY MAN-YIU CHIU is a postgraduate student at Nuffield College, Oxford University, UK. His research interests focus on the spatial order of global cities and he has recently completed a study of the transformation of the urban structure of Hong Kong. CHRISTINE COUSINS is Principal Lecturer in the Department of Social Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK. Her current research interests include work, employment and welfare in Europe and she has recently published on women in the labour market and the welfare state in Spain. She is the author of Controlling Social Welfare: A Sociology of the Welfare State, Welfare Work and Organisations (1987) and Society, Work and Welfare in Europe (1998). ALAN FELSTEAD is Director of Research and Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Labour Market Studies, University of Leicester, UK. His books include, with Patricia Leighton (eds), The New Entrepreneurs: Self-Employment and Small Business in Europe (1992), The Corporate Paradox: Power and Control in the Business Franchise (1993) and, with Nick Jewson, In Work, At Home: Towards an Understanding of Homeworking (1999). MARK HARVEY is a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Research in Innovation and Competition, University of Manchester, UK. His current research interests include forms of capitalism, the role of the state, taxation policies, welfare regimes and labour markets. NICK JEWSON is Director of the Ethnicity Research Centre in the Department of Sociology, University of Leicester, UK. He has published extensively on ethnicity, employment and equal opportunities policies. His recent publix

10 Notes on the Contributors xi cations include, with Suzarne MacGregor (eds), Transforming Cities: Contested Governance and New Social Divisions (1997) and, with Alan Felstead, In Work, At Home: Towards an Understanding of Homeworking (1999). EIJI KYOTANI is Professor of Industrial Sociology at Nagano University, Japan. He has published articles and books on the labour process and labourmanagement relations in Japanese corporations, including Flexibility towa Nanika (What is the Flexibility of the Japanese Labour Process?) (1993). He is currently conducting research on changing managerial strategies and multinational Japanese corporations. JUNE LAPIDUS is Associate Professor of Economics at Roosevelt University, Chicago, USA. Her areas of interest include comparable worth, welfare reform and poverty. She has published in International Contributions to Labour Studies, Review of Radical Political Economics, Feminist Economics, and Work and Occupations. She is also a staff economist at the Center for Popular Economics based in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. TAI-LOK LUI is Associate Professor of Sociology at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. He is the author of Waged Work at Home: The Social Organisation of Industrial Outwork in Hong Kong (1994) and the co-author of City-States in the Global Economy: Industrial Restructuring in Hong Kong and Singapore (1997). PETER ROBINSON is Senior Economist at the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), London, UK. He is the editor of New Economy, the IPPR's journal. He is also a Research Associate at the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics, UK. His main areas of interest are macroeconomic policy, the labour market, unemployment and wages, education and training and the welfare state. He has an interest in international comparisons of economic performance and educational attainment. SAM ROSENBERG is Professor of Economics at Roosevelt University, Chicago, USA. He is currently conducting research on labour market segmentation and low-wage labour in Chicago. He is the editor of The State and the Labor Market (1989). His forthcoming work includes Growth, Decline and Rejuvenation: The American Economy Since GLENDA STRACHAN is Senior Lecturer, Employment Studies Group, Department of Management, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Her research focuses on national and workplace industrial relations, employment policies and affirmative action. She also has interests in labour history, especially with respect to women's work. Her book Labour of Love: The History of the Nurses' Association in Queensland was published in She has also published in the Journal of Industrial Relations,

11 xii Notes on the Contributors Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, Nursing History Review and Nursing Ethics. SUE YEANDLE is Professor of Sociology at Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK, where her research is based in the Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research. She has written widely on employment, gender and family issues, and was co-author I contributor to Changing Places: Women's Lives in the City (1996).