International Political Economy Series

Transcription

1 International Political Economy Series General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and International Development Studies, and Director of the Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Titles include: Pradeep Agrawal, Subir V. Gokarn, Veena Mishra, Kirit S. Parikh and Kunal Sen POLICY REGIMES AND INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS A Comparative Study of East Asia and India Roderic Alley THE UNITED NATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC Dick Beason and Jason James THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF JAPANESE FINANCIAL MARKETS Myths versus Reality Mark Beeson COMPETING CAPITALISMS Australia, Japan and Economic Competition in Asia-Pacific Deborah Bräutigam CHINESE AID AND AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT Exporting Green Revolution Steve Chan, Cal Clark and Danny Lam (editors) BEYOND THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE East Asia s Political Economies Reconsidered Dong-Sook Shin Gills RURAL WOMEN AND TRIPLE EXPLOITATION IN KOREAN DEVELOPMENT Jeffrey Henderson (editor) INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN EUROPE IN THE LIGHT OF THE EAST ASIAN EXPERIENCE Pierre P. Lizée PEACE, POWER AND RESISTANCE IN CAMBODIA Global Governance and the Failure of International Conflict Resolution Cecilia Ng POSITIONING WOMEN IN MALAYSIA Class and Gender in an Industrializing State Ian Scott (editor) INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE AND THE POLITICAL TRANSITION IN HONG KONG

2 Mark Turner (editor) CENTRAL LOCAL RELATIONS IN ASIA PACIFIC Convergence or Divergence? Fei-Ling Wang INSTITUTIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN CHINA Premodernity and Modernization International Political Economy Series Series Standing Order ISBN hardcover Series Standing Order ISBN paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

3 Peace, Power and Resistance in Cambodia Global Governance and the Failure of International Conflict Resolution Pierre P. Lizée Assistant Professor of Politics Brock University St Catharines Ontario

4 First published in Great Britain 2000 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) First published in the United States of America 2000 by ST. MARTIN S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lizée, Pierre. Peace, power and resistance in Cambodia : global governance and the failure of international conflict resolution / Pierre P. Lizée. p. cm. (International political economy series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Cambodia Politics and government 1979 I. Title. II. Series. DS554.8.L '2 dc CIP Pierre P. Lizée 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources

5 Contents List of Figures Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Maps vii viii ix x Introduction 1 PART I THEORETICAL REMARKS: THE NATURE OF CONFLICT AND PEACE 1 The Paris Plan and Its Failure 9 2 Towards a New Explanation of the Collapse of the Paris Plan 13 Peace as social encounter 13 Peace and violence in the Western tradition 19 Peace and violence in the Cambodian tradition 30 The Paris Plan as encounter between the Western and Cambodian traditions 43 3 Peace in the Post-Cold War Order 46 PART II THE 1993 ELECTIONS: PEACE AS NEW SOCIAL CONTRACT 4 Tous les chemins mènent à Paris 53 Towards the first Paris Conference 53 Towards the second Paris Conference 60 Interests, objectives, and approaches to peace on the road to Paris 80 5 The Paris Plan 90 The Paris agreement 90 Peace as social engineering 99 The failure of the Paris Plan L Après-UNTAC 124 v

6 vi Contents PART III BEYOND THE 1993 ELECTIONS: TOWARDS A NEW MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION 17 A New Explanation of the Failure of the Paris Plan The Lessons of the Cambodian Peace Process Thinking about Peace in the Emerging Global Order 149 PART IV THE 1998 ELECTIONS: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND THE FAILURE OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION 10 The Dynamics of the 1998 Elections Global Governance and the Nature of International Conflict Resolution 163 Notes 176 Bibliography 192 Index 204

7 List of Figures 2.1 The social basis of the concept of peace Transfer of a concept of peace Cox s representation of the social situation of ideas The social basis of the concept of peace as democracy The social basis of the Cambodian conception of peace The social transformations entailed by the Paris Plan 43 vii

8 Acknowledgements Funding for the research involved in this book was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Military and Strategic Studies Program of the Department of National Defense of Canada, and the Barton Program in International Peace and Security of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade of Canada. I also received travel grants from the Canada-ASEAN Centre and from the Cooperative Security Program of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Paul Evans and David Dewitt of York University, who throughout the writing of this book have been both mentors and friends. I also wish to thank Joyce Kallgren, from the University of California at Berkeley, and Michel Fortmann, of the Université de Montréal, for the support they have given me during that period. Alan James, from the University of Keele, commented extensively on an earlier draft of this text. Kusuma Snitwongse, from Chulalongkorn University, in Bangkok, was especially supportive during the time I spent doing research in Southeast Asia. I also want to acknowledge the help of Sorpong Peou, a colleague from the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, in Singapore, who is originally from Cambodia. Sorpong is a friend and he has given me information on Cambodian society which I could never have found anywhere else. I was humbled by the fact that he remained one of the kindest people I have met even though he lived through the inhumanity of Cambodia under Pol Pot. In this, perhaps, I found the greatest lesson about the Cambodian people. Finally, I need to express my gratitude to my wife, Erin, and my daughter, Megan. I doubt that I will ever find a better definition of love than seeing Erin wait patiently for me to be finished with this text so I could spend more time with Megan and her. Megan has grown up with this text. She was born as I was writing the first sections, and each subsequent one is now associated in my mind with the memory of seeing her start to crawl or say her first words. I sat her down on my knees to write these few lines, which I hope she will read when she can. Ethan Patrick has just recently joined our family and it is to the three of them that this book is dedicated, with all my love. PIERRE P. LIZÉE viii

9 List of Abbreviations ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CGDK Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea CPP Cambodian People s Party FUNCINPEC Front Uni National pour un Cambodge Indépendant, Neutre, Pacifique et Coopératif GUNC Gouvernement d Union Nationale du Cambodge ICM International Control Mechanism P-5 Permanent Five Members of the United Nations Security Council PICC Paris International Conference on Cambodia UNAMIC United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia UNTAC United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia SNC Supreme National Council (of Cambodia) ix

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