A Paper Presented at the XXVII IUSSP International Conference, Busan, Korea, August 2013
|
|
- Bernard York
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Housing Correlates of Under-Five 1 Mortality in Urban Ethiopia: A Paper Presented at the XXVII IUSSP International Conference, Busan, Korea, August 2013 By: Hadgu Bariagaber (Ph.D/Associate Professor), University of Botswana, Faculty of social Sciences, Department of Population Studies, P/Bag UB 00705, Block 240, Office 241 : hadgub84@gmail.com Tel:(267) , Mobile: Abstract: Little studies have been done to investigate the housing determinants of under-five mortality, despite the fact that Ethiopia has collected abundant empirical housing data from the previous national population and housing censuses (1984,1994 and 2007) and DHS studies (2000, 2005 and 2011 surveys).this is, therefore, to explore the extent of impacts of urban housing variables( housing situations and facilities) on under-five mortality rates in consonance with MDG 2 objectives and prepare some recommendations for awareness of the urban health planners of the country in line with the perspectives of 2015 worldwide MDG. The SPSS file of the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey covered a sample of about 4420 households/housing units of urban Ethiopia, The number of children ever born and living were collected based on the questionnaire birth histories of the women in the age group The number of under-five deaths is compiled by the author by subtracting the number of children living from the everborn children and established the proportion dead by dividing deaths by children everborn. The rationale and motivation of the Author is, therefore, to know how housing components determine the quality of urban life through the health status of under-five children. The analytical techniques of the study are proposed to included simple descriptive frequency distributions of univariate and bivariate cross tabulations as well as multivariate data analysis of the proportional variations of childhood mortality patterns with respect to housing situations ( types of wall, roofing, floor, ceiling etc) and housing facilities ( toilet, water, bathing etc) as well as household durables, namely communication media such as radio, telephone and TV. Key Words: urbanization, primate city, urbanstructure/services, correlates, under-five mortality, housing situation, housing facilities, household durables, frequency descriptive statistics (univariate and bivariate) and proportions of multivariate data analysis. 1 Under-five: It is a summation consisting of Neonatal,(NN), Post-neonatal (PNN), Infant and child mortality lrvel. 2 MDG: Goals 4 and 7( child mortality and environmental/urbanization).
2 2 I. Introduction 1.1 Demographic Background of Ethiopia: Ethiopia has so far undertaken three modern National Population and Housing Censuses. The first census ever taken was in 1984, followed by 1994 and 2007, respectively. In terms population size, the country stands second to Nigeria in the African continent. Summary of some salient demographic features of the country are presented in Table Table-1.1.1:Summary of Basic Demographic Indicators of Ethiopia: Variables Basic demographic indicators corresponding to Census Dates Population (million) Level of urbanization (%) Pop Growth Rate(%) Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Sex Ratio at Birth Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Child mortality parameters Infant Mortality Rate Under-Five Mortality Childhood Mortality Life Expectancy: Male Female Source: (1) Compiled from 1984, 1994 and 2007 Population and Housing Census Reports (2) Compiled from the 2000,2005 and 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) With the future prospective decline in mortality, particularly infant and childhood mortality levels, patterns and trends (refer to Table 1.1.1), accompanied by probably persistent still high fertility, the high population growth rate of Ethiopia would still remain to be worrisome to planners of all development sectors and politicians of the country in the years to come. For example, taking an average growth rate of 2.6 percent, the population is estimated to reach about 86.3 million in Furthermore, if we assume a growth rate of 2.6% to persist for the years to come, the population of the country could double itself in a matter of about every 27 years. This means that the population of Ethiopia would be about million by the year 2031, calling for all environmental, social and economic developmental efforts and relevant policy actions to decrease the population growth and accelerate the socio-economic conditions in order at least keep pace with the rapid population growth.
3 3 1.2 Preview of Urbanization and its problems in Sub-Saharan Africa with Reference to Ethiopia: Rural/urban distinction in many sub-saharan African Countries has always been ambiguous. The definition and delineation of urban from rural environment vary from country to country and even from census to census of the same country. In the majority of sub-saharan countries, a minimum concentration of non-agricultural population with 2000 and over inhabitants has generally been accepted as an urban locality. Exceptions are Nigeria (with 20,000 and over), Ghana (with 5000 and over), Gabon and Tunisia (with 1000 and over), Egypt (all administrative governorate centres regardless of population size) and South Africa (with 500 and over non-agricultural settlements). At International level, there are five main definitional and conceptual criteria, as follows: Proper urban population, with 20,000 and over inhabitants; Metropolis, with 50,000 and over ; City population, with 100,000 and over ; Big city population, with 500,000 and over; and Megalopolis, with 10 million and over population. The rationale of the minimum definition of 20,000 and over population is that in such agglomeration of population, it is believed that there could be minimum agricultural activities, more heterogeneous in ethnic composition, cultural diversity and multi-urban functional variations such as demographic structure, social, economic, and political organizations, lifestyles, values, perceptions and expectations, which all have been different from rural hinterlands. Even taking the minimum of 2000 and over, the size of urban population out of the national population in each Sub-Saharan African country has been extremely low, ranging from as low as percent for East and percent for Middle Africa, with Ethiopia having had recorded ranging from about 9 percent in 1970 s to about 16 percent as of the 2007 population and housing census results out of the Total National Population(UN 1994, UNECA 1995, Ethiopia 1994 and 2007). Contrary to the low level of urbanization, particularly for Ethiopia, the urban population growth rate has been the highest in the world, ranging from 4.7 percent for Southern Africa to 5.6 percent for Eastern Sub-Region, giving about 5.3 percent for Sub-Saharan Africa, about 5 percent and 4 percent for Ethiopia urban sector and Addis Abeba city annual growth rate, respectively (UNECA 1995; Ethiopia 1984/1994//2007 population and housing censuses). Besides being a low level of urbanization, the concentration of urbanization in one or two urban area(s) in the African Continent has been worrisome. As observed by Sokona (1985) and Sovani,N.V.(1964), the concentration of the urban population in a capital city, like Dakar in
4 4 Senegal, Bamako in Mali, Nairobi in Kenya etc., has been common characteristics in many other Sub-Saharan African countries. As rightly stated by Hamden (1964), these concentration and centralization of power and resources in a few urban settlements have been true since the colonial and postcolonial era of the continent of Africa where the political capitals were emerged by either being historical native significance or due to the colonial and postcolonial administrative and economic phenomena, growing rapidly with all concomitant urbanization problems, including housing situations and facilities. Accordingly, UN(1976;,1985,1986,1988) noted that adequate shelter, potable water and decent sanitary facilities have been deplorably lacking and unhealthy overcrowding of accommodation were apparently large cities emerged in many developing countries. For example, a study by the UN in the late 1970 s showed that 50 percent of households in Calcutta, 33 percent in Mexico city, 60 percent in Accra (Ghana) and about 50 percent in Monrovia (Liberia) of the urban population were living in slum/squatter settlements and 35 percent of all urban localities in Sub-Saharan Africa were living in overcrowded single room houses (UN,!974, 1975). The case of Ethiopia has not been an exception where Addis Abeba has already become a primate city, having similar urban primacy characteristics of many developing countries. It is the National Capital, has become the leading primate city with all the privileges of concentration of national investments, allocation of skilled human resources and being given the national and international political attention, but still been experiencing all urban problems, including housing (Ethiopian urbanization issues by different Authors, ). 1.3 Source of Data: In order to keep abreast with timely data requirements for short and long term development planning, the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia has been conducting series of Demographic Sample Surveys in order to fill the intercensal gaps in population composition and population dynamics. Among the demographic sample surveys include conducting series of demographic and health surveys (DHS) with special reference to the incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS pandemic and other opportunistic diseases such as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI s),tb s, and other non-hiv infectious diseases (EDHS: 2000,2005 and 2011). However, the source of data of the study is the SPSS Data File of the 2005EDHS. The output of this survey is found to be unique from other EDHS in that it covered about 14,000 women in the productive and reproductive age segment of 15-49, for all classifications of urban setting in the country with corresponding data on children everborn and surviving for each woman in the age group From the retrospective data of children evereborn (CEB) and surviving, the author was able to construct the corresponding number of children dead, forming proportion of dead by dividing number of children dead by corresponding CEB s, covering 4420 households/housing units (housing situation/structure: types of wall, floor, roof etc), housing facilities ( water, toilet, kitchen etc) and housing communication (durables such as radio, telephone and TV).
5 5 1.4 Problem Statement: There had been persistent high mortality condition in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular and this trend could be conjectured to continue for some decades before coming down to acceptable levels. The main reasons could be noted to be largely due to the widespread poverty conditions and low level of health services in urban/rural Sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, it had been apparent that persistently high infant mortality induces high fertility level, for women tend to increase their fertility performance in order to compensate the loss of high infant mortality, which is termed as replacement effects. The reciprocal relationship between high infant mortality and high fertility levels has been such that fertility tends to be superior to the level of infant mortality and follows by relatively high survivors which results again having a youthful population, leading to high dependency ratio (burden) on the productive. Eventually, the increase in the reproductive segments of the population as well as producing high growth potentials, would subsequently result in significant detrimental effects on developmental endeavours, aggravating poverty with concomitant effect on health service provisions. 1.5 The Setting up of the Study: Rationale of the Study: Little analysis has been done on the housing determinants of infant and childhood mortality, despite the fact that Ethiopia has collected abundant empirical housing data from the previous national population and housing censuses (1984,1994 and 2007) and EDHS studies (2000, 2005 and 2011 surveys) Objective of the Study: The focus of this paper is unique in the sense that examination of the variations of childhood mortality are going to be explored in the urban structure of Ethiopia with respect to housing characteristics, namely, housing situation, facilities and household durables using the SPSS Data files of 2005 EDHS, which covered, among other data of interest, a sample of about 4400 households/ housing units Organization of the Study: The study is organized under three main analytical levels, namely, frequency distribution of housing situation and housing facilities along their respective categorical variables and examination of the impact of housing categorical variables on under-five child mortality The Study Areas: With respect to area coverage, the study considers all urban areas of Ethiopia, being designed and classified in the 2005EDHS questionnaire by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia, as follows: Addis Abeba, the capital city of the country, with over 4 million population; Large cities with population size of 100,000 and above;
6 6 Medium cities with population size between 50,000 to 100,000. Small Town with population size between2000 to 49,999. Sub city which meets the administrative function or sub-division of an urban locality/ Kebele administration or Urban district/ Wereda with population size between 1000 to Methodological Issues: General Conceptual Framework: Housing conditions are covariates of the level of living conditions which influence the status of mortality in general and infant and childhood mortality in particular. A simplified web is hereby presented in Figure-1, demonstrating the complex reciprocal interaction among Socio-economic, housing, demographic variables and general mortality conditions. In-built in the general mortality box, we conceptualize the levels and patterns of infant and childhood mortality in relation to the housing variables. Fig-1: Conceptual framework manifesting the antecedent and proximate determinant of Infant and Childhood mortality Housing Variables :Proximate Variables Socio-economic variables Childhood Mortality Demographic Variables The housing conditions, therefore, can reflect the levels of the living conditions and also indirectly influence the status of mortality in general and infant and childhood mortality in particular )Analytical Methods of the Study: The analytical methods would be done at three stages: (i) univariate; (ii) bivariate and (iii) multivariate data analysis. Simple descriptive and proportionality of variation among the categories of each housing characteristic (for example, type of floor, toilet facility etc.) with respect to relative infant and childhood mortality level be applied where the univariate and bivariate analysis would deal with the types, levels and characteristics of urban services whereas the latter would focus on the housing determinants of infant and childhood mortality levels and patterns. From the analysis, we would be able to identify the most critical categorical variables of the housing situations, housing facilities and household service durables which would likely appear influence childhood mortality.
7 7 II. Housing Situation and Housing Facilities in Urban Ethiopia: 2.1 General Housing Situation and Facility of Addis Abeba: As presented in Table-2.1.1, despite the fact that Addis Abeba has been receiving the lion s share of the national human and material resources, the city has been characterized by a number unhealthy conditions,: Table-2.1.1:Summary indicators of housing facilities and situations, Addis Abeba Housing Facility: Kitchen facility: Traditional modern Rooms used as kitchen No kitchen Water supply: Private tap No bathing Using well/river/spring Toilet facility: Flush toilet: Dry pits No toilets Percent out of total Housing situation: Wood/mud /thatched walls Floor of earth/mud Cooking: fire wood/ dung using kerosene for lighting Renting households Overcrowding Indicators: 3+ persons per room Doubled up households Source: Compiled from different data sources: (i) 1990 HFF; 1994 Population and Housing Census (ii) 1998 and 2000 EDHS Percent out of total In order to upgrade and renew the existing situation of the city to acceptable standard, it calls for huge human and material resources. On top of that, the city s population has been growing rapidly due to rural and other urban migration which would compound the city s problems. 2.2 Frequency Distribution of Housing Structure of Urban Ethiopia: The housing situations of urban Ethiopia, expressed in terms of the quality of types of wall, floor and roofing, are summarized in Tables 2.2.1, and 2.2.3, respectively As shown in Table-2,2,1, more than 60 percent of the walls of the houses in urban Ethiopia are made of bamboo trees or woods with mud. With respect to types of flooring, Table 2.2,2 manifests that exhibits that about 32 percent and 24 percent are made of Vinyl (plastic tiles) and either cements or bricks. Regarding roofing materials, more than 90 percent of the houses are covered by corrugated iron sheets.
8 8 Table-2.2.1: Summary of Housing situations by Urban Classifications: Types of Wall Classification of urban areas Housing Structure Capital, Medium Small large city city Town Modern Bamboo /wood/ mud Others Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1663) 100.0(948) 4423 Row total (%) Column Total (%) Types of Floor Types of Roof Vinyl/ cement bricks Carpet/earth/dung Others Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1663) 100.0(948) 4423 Row total (%) Corrugated iron sheets Thatch / leaf/reed/ Others Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1660) 100.0(948) 4420 Row total (%) Frequency Distribution of Housing Facilities: The percentage distributions of availability of water, toilets, cooking facilities and types of lightning are presented in Tables to From these Tables, we can observe that urban Ethiopia has generally been facilitated by poor water supply, unhealthy toilet facility, environmentally unacceptable cooking materials and very traditional household lightnings.
9 9 Table Summary of frequency distribution of Housing Facilities Types of Water Supply Type of toilet facility Toilet facilities shared Cooking Fuel Has electrici ty Classification of urban areas Housing facilities Capital, large city Medium city Small Town Column Total % Pipe in dwelling /compound Pipe outside compound Unprotected well / spring Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1663) 100.0(948) 4423 Row Total (%) Pit latrine with open pit Flush to sewer / septic tank Others ( bucket, bush etc) Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1663) 100.0(948) 4423 Row total (%) No Yes Not de jure Total (1755) 100.0(1531) 100.0(758) 100.0(4044) Row total (%) Kerosene Firewood/straw/Charcoal Other (elect+ natural gas..) Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1663) 100.0(944) 4419 Row Total (%) No Yes Other Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1663) 100.0(948) 100.0(4423) Row Total (%) Communication facilities-durables: The types of household communication durables are summarized in Table While about 83 percent of the total urban household own radios, the case of small urban localities has been still low where about 68 percent of the household own radios.
10 10 Regarding the availability of household TV, although about 51 percent of the total own TV, it is only about 17 percent of the households in small towns appear to have access to national TV media. The households access to Telephone ownership is also deplorably low where about only 41 percent of urban Ethiopia could own individual household telephone apparatus. Table-3.4.1: Availability of Radio, Telephone and TV in the Households :: Classification of urban areas Household Durables Capital, large Medium Small Column city city Town Total (%) No Yes Has Radio Not de jure Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1663) 100.0(948) 4423 Row Total %) Has Television Has Telephone No Yes Not de jure Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1663) 100.0(948) 4423 Row total (%) No Yes Not de jure nt Total 100.0(1812) 100.0(1660) 100.0(948) 4420 Row total (%) III. Impact of Housing Variables on Under-Five Mortality Mortality is one of the components of the demographic dynamics. It plays important role in the determination of population growth and demographic transition concept 3, for it is the outcome of the interplay among various biological, environmental, economic and socio-cultural factors. This section, therefore, deals with the influence of housing conditions on the mortality levels of under-five children of urban Ethiopia. From the SPSS data file of 2005 EDHS, the proportions of children dead are computed from the difference between children everborn and children living, controlled for urban areas, housing conditions and establish proportion of dead against the categorical variables of housing situation, facilities and household durables under sections- 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4, respectively. The details are shown in tabular forms in the subsequent different tables. 3 The demographic Transition Theory :
11 Proportion dead Impact of Housing Structure on Under-Five Mortality Level: This sub-section examines the correlates of the housing situation, comprising mainly the material of construction of walls, floor and roofing of under-five childhood mortality of urban Ethiopia. The results are summarized in the following Tables and with their respective graphical representations. Table-3.1.1: construction material of floors Types of Floor CEB Total Alive Deaths (absolute) Proportion dead Earth / sand Animal Dung Wood planks/reed polished wood Vinyl Ceramic tiles Cement / bricks Carpet Not dejure resident Total Proportion Dead By Type Of Floor Type of floor
12 Proportion dead 12 Table construction material of wall: Wall Material CEB Alive Dead (absolute) Proportion dead Unconventional walls Bamboo / wood with mud Stone with mud Cement Stone with lime / cement Cement blocks Not dejure resident Total Proportion Dead By Type Of Wall Type of wall
13 Proportion Dead 13 Table construction material of roofing Roofing material CEB Alive Dead (absolute) Proportion dead Unconventional roofing Thatch / leaf / reed Wood planks Corrugated iron Cement / concrete Not dejure resident Total Proportion Dead By Type Of Roof Type of Roof 3.2. Impact of Housing Facilities on Under-Five Mortality: The housing facilities under this sub-section include water supply, toilets, Cooking Fuel and power.
14 Proportion Dead 14 Table water supply Source of drinking water CEB Alive Dead Proportion (absolute) dead Piped in dwelling Piped into compound Piped outside compound Unprotected well/ spring Protected well / spring Not dejure resident Total Proportion Dead By Water Supply Facility Water Supply
15 Proportion Dead 15 Table Toilet Facility Type of toilet facility CEB Alive Dead (absolute) proportion dead Flush to sewer / septic tank Flush to pit latrine Ventilated improved pit latrine Pit latrine with slab Pit latrine without slab / open pit Composting toilet Bucket toilet No facility / bush / field Not de jure resident Total Proportion Dead By Toilet Facility Type of Toilet Facilty
16 Proportion Dead 16 Table Toilet sharing facility Toilet facility shared CEB Alive dead (absolute) proportion dead No Yes Not dejure resident Total Proportion Dead y Toilet Facility Sharing No Yes Not dejure resident Shared Toilet Table Cooking Fuel Type of cooking fuel CEB Alive Dead (absolute) proportion dead Electricity LPG, natural gas Kerosene Charcoal Firewood, straw Animal Dung Not dejure member Total
17 Proportion Dead Proportion Dead By Type Of Cooking Fuel Cooking Fuel Table Type of lighting Has electricity CEB Alive Dead (absolute) Proportion dead No Yes Not dejure resident Total
18 Proportion Dead Proportion Dead By Availability of Electric Lighting No Yes Not dejure resident Availability of Electricity 3.3 Impact of Housing Durables on Under-Five Mortality: Table Under-five mortality variations with respect to radio availability in a household: Has Radio CEB Alive Dead (absolute) Proportion dead No Yes Not dejure resident Total
19 Proportion Dead 19 Proportion Dead By Radio Availability No Yes Not dejure resident Radio Availability Table Under-five mortality variations with respect to telephone availability in a household: Has telephone CEB Alive Dead (absolute) Proportion dead No Yes Not dejure resident Total
20 Proportion Dead Proportion Dead By Telephone Availability No Yes Not dejure resident Telephone Availabity Table Under-five mortality variations with respect to TV availability in a household: Dead Proportion Has TV CEB Alive (absolute) dead No Yes Not dejure resident Total
21 Proportion Dead Proportion Dead By Television Availability No Yes Not dejure resident Television Availability IV Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations: 4.1 Summary and Conclusion of the frequency distribution Tables: The frequency distribution Tables of the housing structure, facilities and household durables can be summarized as follows: most of the materials of floor are made of Carpet/earth/dung (specially with small towns) which are full of dusts, detrimental to child health; material construction of walls are mostly bamboos/woods/mud in all urban areas; materials for roofing are mostly corrugated iron sheets, though some thatched /leave/reed roofs in small towns water supply facilities are mostly outside compound, being shared among households but unprotected well/spring, specially in small towns; toilets are mostly shared pit latrine, use of buckets and bush: cooking facilities are kerosene, firewood straw, charcoal power is available with significant coverage in big and medium cities but about only one-third of households in small towns have electric power;. durables: availability of radio is significantly high in large, but having low proportions in telephone and TV in medium and very low in small towns. In general, from the frequency distribution tables of the housing situation, facilities, and household communication durables, we can conclude as follows:
22 22 Prevalence of deplorable housing shortages, poor environmental sanitation, unhealthy overcrowding in terms of person/room ratios; Congestion with high rate of household tenancy and unacceptable waste disposal practices, unhealthy housing conditions with doubled up households, sharing the same facilities; inadequate and qualitatively inefficient water supply system; sub-standard unacceptable toilet facilities; and serious lack of modern kitchen facilities associated with poor cooking fuel facilities. 4.2 Summary of the analysis of housing correlation of proportion of infant and childhood mortality levels: Among the categorical variables of the housing structures, facilities and household durables, which manifested highest proportions of the prevalence of proportion of under-five mortality levels, are summarized in the following Table: Housing Characteristics Housing Structure: Floor: animal dung Wall: unconventional material l Roofing: thatched leave/reed Housing Facilities: Water: Unprotected well/spring Toilet: shared pit latrine, use of bucket/ bush Lightning: no electric power: Cooking: kerosene, fire wood/straw, charcoal Household Durables: No household radio No household telephone No household TV Highest proportion Dead o Recommendation: It is believed that this study provides basic inputs for urban planners and policy makers to be engaged in ameliorating the current urban housing conditions,which could contribute to the evaluation of the attainment for the 2015 MDG4 expected target and also for future improvements of urban quality of life. The remaining task is further to undertake analysis by cross-tabulating among the housing characteristics, being controlled for proportion of under-five mortality levels. For example, types of floor cross-tabulating by types of wall, controlled for proportion dead, could help focus in upgrading existing housing conditions and also for future urban and housing planning, monitoring and evaluation programmes.
23 23 General References: 1. Sokoma O.( 1985): Urban Primacy in Developing countries: The Case of Mali 2. Sovani N.V.(1964): The analysis of Over-urbanization: Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol.12, No.2 3. Hamdan G.(1964): Capitals of the New Africa, Economic Geography, Vol.40,No.3 4. UN (1976): Housing Policy Guidelines for Developing Countries, Sales No.E.76, New York, 5. UN (1986): Living conditions in Developing countries in the mid-1980 s: Supplement to the 1985 Report on the World social situation, New York, UN( 1988): Housing and Economic Adjustment: Department of International social and economic Affairs, New York, UN(1976): World Housing Survey1975: An overview of the state of housing, building and planning within human settlement,, New York, UN (1975): World Housing Conditions and Estimated Housing Requirements, New York, 9. UN (1994): National Perspectives on Population and Development, ICPD, UN (!998): Population Distribution and Migration : International conference on Population and Development, September, UNDP (2001): Human Development Report 2001, New York 12. UNECA(1995): Population and Sustainable Development with reference to Linkages Among Environment, Urbanization, and Migration in ECA Member States, November, AAMPPO (1985) Assessment of Available Water Resources for the Growth of Addis Abeba Addis Abeba Master Plan Project Office (AAMPPO),Addis Abeab, January, Assefa Hagos (1997): The Impact of Migration on Primate City Growth in Ethiopia, Proceedings on the Urban Regional Develppment Planning and Implementation in Ethiopia, Awassa/Nazareth, February CSA ( 1984); The 1984 National Population and Housing Census, of Ethiopia: Analytical Report, Addis Abebab, December, CSA ( 1994): 1994 National Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia, Analytical report, Addis Abeba, June 1999 ( incudes Population Projections ). 17. CSA (2000): Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey2000 Report, Addis Abeba, May CSA (1999): Report of the 1998 welfare monitoring Survey, Statistical Bulletin 224, Addis Abeba, November CSA(1993): The 1990 National Family and Fertility Survey Report, Addis Abeba, June Gebre Solomon ( 1995): The conditions of the Poor in Addis Abeba: A Social Problem not Yet Addressed, Addis Abeba University, March, Ghebre-Amanuel ( 1977): Introduction to Environmental health Practices: Water Supply, Ethiopia Graphic Printers, Addis Abeba, Hadgu Bariagaber (1988): The role of Demographic Information in Planning for Urban Growth and Development in Ethiopia, Proceedings on Planning and Demographic Analysis, IDR/DTRC, Addis Abeba University, Hadgu Bariagaber (1995): Poverty Assessment in Ethiopia with reference to Addis Abeba and Institutional efforts and coordination for Poverty Alleviation in the City, Commissioned
24 Paper Presented at the workshop on Urban Poverty in Southern and Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, March, 1995, UNCHS/Urban Management Programme 24. Hadgu Bariagaber (1997): Urbanization Process and Urban Planning, A key Note Address delivered at the workshop on Urban and Regional Development Planning and Implementation, Organized by the National Urban Planning Institute in Collaboration with the World Bank, Awassa/Nazareth, Addis Abeba, January MPEd(1995): Report on Household Food Security Study of Four Major Towns, Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED), February, MUDH ( 1980): Data On Housing Survey Conditions, Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH), Addis Abeba,
Population, Health, and Human Well-Being-- Portugal
Population, Health, and Human Well-Being-- Portugal EarthTrends Country Profiles Demographic and Health Indicators Portugal Europe World Total Population (in thousands of people) 1950 8,405 548,206 2,519,495
More informationChapter 8 Migration. 8.1 Definition of Migration
Chapter 8 Migration 8.1 Definition of Migration Migration is defined as the process of changing residence from one geographical location to another. In combination with fertility and mortality, migration
More informationSlums As Expressions of Social Exclusion: Explaining The Prevalence of Slums in African Countries
Slums As Expressions of Social Exclusion: Explaining The Prevalence of Slums in African Countries Ben C. Arimah United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) Nairobi, Kenya 1. Introduction Outline
More informationANALYTICAL REPORT AT NATIONAL LEVEL
TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA OFFICE OF THE POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS COMMISSION THE 1984 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF ETHIOPIA ANALYTICAL REPORT AT NATIONAL LEVEL ADDIS ABABA DECEMBER 1991
More informationMULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN ARAB COUNTRIES: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL INITIATIVES
MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN ARAB COUNTRIES: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL INITIATIVES Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Table of Content Review of national and Regional processes Three countries
More informationContents. Acknowledgements...xii Leading facts and indicators...xiv Acronyms and abbreviations...xvi Map: Pacific region, Marshall Islands...
Contents Acknowledgements...xii Leading facts and indicators...xiv Acronyms and abbreviations...xvi Map: Pacific region, Marshall Islands... xii CHAPTER 1: CENSUS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS...1 CHAPTER
More informationA Snapshot of Drinking-water and Sanitation in the Arab States 2010 Update
A Snapshot of Drinking-water and in the Arab States 2010 Update A regional perspective based on new data from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and UNICEF/NYHQ200-0016/Iyad El Baba,
More informationHOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS 2 This chapter provides a summary of the socioeconomic characteristics of households and respondents surveyed, including age, sex, place of residence, educational
More informationChallenges and Opportunities for harnessing the Demographic Dividend in Africa
Challenges and Opportunities for harnessing the Demographic Dividend in Africa Eliya Msiyaphazi Zulu (PhD.) Presented at the Network on African Parliamentary Committee of Health Meeting Kampala, Uganda
More informationPREDICTORS OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG MIGRANT AND NON- MIGRANT COUPLES IN NIGERIA
PREDICTORS OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG MIGRANT AND NON- MIGRANT COUPLES IN NIGERIA Odusina Emmanuel Kolawole and Adeyemi Olugbenga E. Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Federal University,
More informationGENDER FACTS AND FIGURES URBAN NORTH WEST SOMALIA JUNE 2011
GENDER FACTS AND FIGURES URBAN NORTH WEST SOMALIA JUNE 2011 Overview In November-December 2010, FSNAU and partners successfully piloted food security urban survey in five towns of the North West of Somalia
More informationCONTENTS INTRODUCTION ORIGIN AND REGIONAL SETTING DISTRIBUTION AND GROWTH OF POPULATION SOCIAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION 46 53
CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE NOs. INTRODUCTION 1 8 1 ORIGIN AND REGIONAL SETTING 9 19 2 DISTRIBUTION AND GROWTH OF POPULATION 20 44 3 SOCIAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION 46 53 4 SEX COMPOSITION OF POPULATION 54
More informationUrbanisation and Migration in Africa Joseph Teye Centre for Migration Studies University of Ghana
Urbanisation and Migration in Africa Joseph Teye Centre for Migration Studies University of Ghana Expert Group Meeting, United Nations Headquarters in New York, 1-2 November, 2018 Introduction Migration
More informationirat Unit 1 News? Missed questions? Does any team want to appeal? Population Pattern, Data World Population Growth Through History
Unit 1 News? Population Pattern, Data 1 2 irat This is a closed-book, no notes test! You have 10 minutes to complete the test. Circle the correct answers to each question on the answer sheet provided.
More informationChapter 5. Conclusion and Recommendation
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation By A Gollini and Mohammed Said 5.1 Conclusion 5.1.1 Ethiopia, Homogeneity and Variability on an Internal Scale The analysis of the characteristics of the population
More informationResearch on urban poverty in Vietnam
Int. Statistical Inst.: Proc. 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin (Session CPS055) p.5260 Research on urban poverty in Vietnam Loan Thi Thanh Le Statistical Office in Ho Chi Minh City 29 Han
More informationHealth Disparities in American Indians: Lack of Indoor Plumbing Increases Health Problems
Health Disparities in American Indians: Lack of Indoor Plumbing Increases Health Problems Introduction Despite all the public health efforts that have been made with water sanitation and improvement, certain
More informationMR. JAROSŁAW PINKAS REPUBLIC OF POLAND STATEMENT BY SECRETARY OF STATE AT THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND
REPUBLIC OF POLAND PERMANENT MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS 750 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 TEL. (212) 744-2506 Check against delivery STATEMENT BY MR. JAROSŁAW PINKAS SECRETARY OF STATE AT THE MINISTRY
More informationEconomic and Social Council
United Nations Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 27 December 2001 E/CN.3/2002/27 Original: English Statistical Commission Thirty-third session 5-8 March 2002 Item 7 (f) of the provisional agenda*
More informationMIGRATION AND URBANIZATION IN VIET NAM
GENERAL STATISTICS OFFICE THE 2014 VIET NAM INTERCENSAL POPULATION AND HOUSING SURVEY UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND THE 2014 VIET NAM INTERCENSAL POPULATION AND HOUSING SURVEY MIGRATION AND URBANIZATION
More informationThe Demography of the Labor Force in Sub- Saharan Africa
The Demography of the Labor Force in Sub- Saharan Africa David Lam Department of Economics and Population Studies Center University of Michigan Conference on Labor Markets in Western Africa: Evidence and
More informationWho, Where and When?
Purpose A comparative series of national public attitude surveys in Africa on Democracy, Markets and Civil Society Social scientific project dedicated to accurate and precise measurement of nationally
More informationE T H I O P I A. Statement by
Mr. Chairman, Ladies and gentlemen, E T H I O P I A Statement by Mr. Mekonnen Manyazewal Vice Minister, Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia at THE
More informationImplementation of a Community-Based Poverty Monitoring System in Ghana. (January 2004 December 2005) A Project Proposal
Implementation of a Community-Based Poverty Monitoring System in Ghana (January 2004 December 2005) A Project Proposal 1 I. PROJECT OVERVIEW Abstract Implementation of a Community-Based Poverty Monitoring
More informationi 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 12 12 12 12 13 20 20 1 2 INTRODUCTION The results of the Inter-censual Population Survey 2013 (CIPS 2013) and Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014
More informationGender institutional framework: Implications for household surveys
GLOBAL FORUM ON GENDER STATISTICS ESA/STAT/AC.140/5.1 10-12 December 2007 English only Rome, Italy Gender institutional framework: Implications for household surveys Prepared by Cyril Parirenyatwa Central
More informationMALAWI FLOOD RESPONSE Displacement Tracking Matrix Round III Report May 2015
MALAWI FLOOD RESPONSE Displacement Tracking Matrix Round III Report May 2015 CONTACT Director of DoDMA: James Chiusiwa chiusiwaj@yahoo.com +265 (0) 999 937 952IOM DTM Project Officer: Brenda Chimenya bchimenya@iom.int
More informationData access for development: The IPUMS perspective
Data access for development: The IPUMS perspective United Nations Commission on Population and Development Strengthening the demographic evidence base for the post-2015 development agenda New York 11 April
More informationRural to Urban Migration and Household Living Conditions in Bangladesh
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 253-257, 2012 (July) Rural to Urban Migration and Household Living Conditions in Bangladesh Department of Statistics, Biostatistics & Informatics, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000,
More informationDocument jointly prepared by EUROSTAT, MEDSTAT III, the World Bank and UNHCR. 6 January 2011
Migration Task Force 12 January 2011 Progress Report on the Development of Instruments and Prospects of Implementation of Coordinated Household International Migration Surveys in the Mediterranean Countries
More informationANALYSIS OF POVERTY TRENDS IN GHANA. Victor Oses, Research Department, Bank of Ghana
ANALYSIS OF POVERTY TRENDS IN GHANA Victor Oses, Research Department, Bank of Ghana ABSTRACT: The definition of poverty differs across regions and localities in reference to traditions and what society
More informationChapter 2 Major Findings
The 2010 Population and Housing Census (Northeastern Region) Chapter 2 Major Findings General Infomation The Northeastern Region has an area of 168,855.4 square kilometers, It has common boundary with
More informationThe impacts of the global financial and food crises on the population situation in the Arab World.
DOHA DECLARATION I. Preamble We, the heads of population councils/commissions in the Arab States, representatives of international and regional organizations, and international experts and researchers
More informationResolution 2008/1 Population distribution, urbanization, internal migration and development
Resolution 2008/1 Population distribution, urbanization, internal migration and development The Commission on Population and Development, Recalling the Programme of Action of the International Conference
More informationUNICEF Eritrea. National ODF Sustainability Assessment 2015
UNICEF Eritrea National ODF Sustainability Assessment 2015 Contents Executive Summary... iii Recommendations... iv Abbreviations-Acronyms... v 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 1.1 Historical Background... 1 1.2 Background
More informationDAILY LIVES AND CORRUPTION: PUBLIC OPINION IN EAST AFRICA
DAILY LIVES AND CORRUPTION: PUBLIC OPINION IN EAST AFRICA Transparency International is the global civil society organisation leading the fight against corruption. Through more than 90 chapters worldwide
More informationComparison of Traits on Empowerment and Development of Women in Three East African Countries
Comparison of Traits on Empowerment and Development of Women in Three East African Countries Diana Focus Kimario (M.A), Senior Planner, Ministry of Water United Republic of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
More informationKey Terminology. in 1990, Ireland was overpopulated only had population of 3.5 million but 70,000 emigrated due to unemployment.
Key Terminology Overpopulation = when there are too many people in an area for the resources of that area to maintain an adequate standard of living. in 1990, Ireland was overpopulated only had population
More informationConference on What Africa Can Do Now To Accelerate Youth Employment. Organized by
Conference on What Africa Can Do Now To Accelerate Youth Employment Organized by The Olusegun Obasanjo Foundation (OOF) and The African Union Commission (AUC) (Addis Ababa, 29 January 2014) Presentation
More informationIII. RELEVANCE OF GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS IN THE ICPD PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MDG GOALS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
III. RELEVANCE OF GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS IN THE ICPD PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MDG GOALS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
More informationSUMMARY ANALYSIS OF KEY INDICATORS
SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF KEY INDICATORS from the FSM 2010 Census of Population and Housing DIVISION OF STATISTICS FSM Office of Statistics, Budget, Overseas Development Assistance and Compact Management (S.B.O.C)
More informationURBAN PAPERS. Urban Poverty in Ethiopia A Multi-faceted and Spatial Perspective. Elisa Muzzini THE WORLD BANK GROUP WASHINGTON, D.C.
THE WORLD BANK GROUP WASHINGTON, D.C. URBAN PAPERS UP-4 JANUARY 2008 Urban Poverty in Ethiopia A Multi-faceted and Spatial Perspective Elisa Muzzini URBAN SECTOR BOARD Urban Poverty in Ethiopia A Multi-faceted
More informationChapter 7. Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration: Theory and Policy 7-1. Copyright 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
Chapter 7 Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration: Theory and Policy Copyright 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 7-1 The Migration and Urbanization Dilemma As a pattern of development, the
More informationTHE ETHIOPIAN URBAN MIGRATION STUDY 2008:
Report No. 55731-ET THE ETHIOPIAN URBAN MIGRATION STUDY 2008: THE CHARACTERISTICS, MOTIVES AND OUTCOMES OF MIGRANTS TO ADDIS ABABA Final Version, August 24, 2010 Poverty Reduction and Economic Management
More information122% 65+ years 1% 544% 0-2 years 5%
+51A 49% +49A 51% Multi-Sector Needs Assessment - July 2018 Background and Methodology An estimated 723,000 Rohingya refugees have fled violence in Myanmar s Rakhine state since August 25, 2017 1. Most
More informationINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND RELATED ECA AND PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES
UN/POP/MIG/2004/1 30 September 2004 THIRD COORDINATION MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Secretariat New York, 27-28 October
More informationCollecting better census data on international migration: UN recommendations
Collecting better census data on international migration: UN recommendations Regional workshop on Strengthening the collection and use of international migration data in the context of the 2030 Agenda
More information011% 65+ years 0% % years 14% 744% 0-2 years 7%
+53A 47% +47A 53% Multi-Sector Needs Assessment - July 2018 Background and Methodology An estimated 723,000 Rohingya refugees have fled violence in Myanmar s Rakhine state since August 25, 2017 1. Most
More informationCase study: China s one-child policy
Human Population Case study: China s one-child policy In 1970, China s 790 million people faced starvation The government instituted a onechild policy China s growth rate plummeted In 1984, the policy
More informationBriefing Note. Global Slum Dwellers. Ewan Day-Collins Research & Development Officer Depaul International
Briefing Note Global Slum Dwellers Ewan Day-Collins Research & Development Officer Depaul International Content 1. Introduction 2 2. Definition(s) 2 3. Slum Dwellers and Homelessness 3 4. Causes 4 5. Consequences
More informationRural-to-Urban Labor Migration: A Study of Upper Egyptian Laborers in Cairo
University of Sussex at Brighton Centre for the Comparative Study of Culture, Development and the Environment (CDE) Rural-to-Urban Labor Migration: A Study of Upper Egyptian Laborers in Cairo by Ayman
More informationCHAPTER IV SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN IN SOUTH INDIA
CHAPTER IV SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN IN SOUTH INDIA 4.1 Employment 47 4.2 Education 51 4.3 Economic Status of women 55 4.4 Women s Participation in Decision Making 65 References 73 CHAPTER IV SOCIO
More informationUnemployment and underemployment data
Helpdesk Report Unemployment and underemployment data Laura Bolton Institute of development Studies 23 November 2016 Question Identify the number (absolute and as a proportion of the working age population)
More information011% 65+ years 0% 666% 0-2 years 6%
+58A 42% +42A 58% Multi-Sector Needs Assessment - July 2018 Background and Methodology An estimated 723,000 Rohingya refugees have fled violence in Myanmar s Rakhine state since August 25, 2017 1. Most
More informationPeople. Population size and growth. Components of population change
The social report monitors outcomes for the New Zealand population. This section contains background information on the size and characteristics of the population to provide a context for the indicators
More informationSierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census. Thematic Report on Poverty and Durables
Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census Thematic Report on Poverty and Durables STATISTICS SIERRA LEONE (SSL) OCTOBER 2017 Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census Thematic Report on Poverty
More informationGhana Lower-middle income Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only) Source: World Development Indicators (WDI) database.
Knowledge for Development Ghana in Brief October 215 Poverty and Equity Global Practice Overview Poverty Reduction in Ghana Progress and Challenges A tale of success Ghana has posted a strong growth performance
More informationTuesday, April 16, 2013
Tuesday, April 16, 13 What is the Afrobarometer? The Afrobarometer (AB) is a comparative series of public opinion surveys that measure public attitudes toward democracy, governance, the economy, leadership,
More informationGoal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day Indicator 1 Population living below $1 (PPP) per day
More informationPART II SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS
PART II SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS Population The Arab region has diverse demographic features as countries in the region are at different stages of the demographic transition. This is owing to a wide
More information444% 0-2 years 4% Multi-Sector Needs Assessment - July W Demographics. Camp 23 / Shamlapur, Teknaf, Cox s Bazar, Bangladesh
+53A 47% +43A 57% Multi-Sector Needs Assessment - July 2018 Background and Methodology An estimated 723,000 Rohingya refugees have fled violence in Myanmar s Rakhine state since August 25, 2017 1. Most
More informationUNEQUAL prospects: Disparities in the quantity and quality of labour supply in sub-saharan Africa
UNEQUAL prospects: Disparities in the quantity and quality of labour supply in sub-saharan Africa World Bank SP Discussion Paper 0525, July 2005 Presentation by: John Sender TWO THEMES A. There are important
More informationThe Human Population 8
8 The Human Population Overview of Chapter 8 The Science of Demography Demographics of Countries Demographic Stages Age Structure Population and Quality of Life Reducing the Total Fertility Rate Government
More informationExisting survey programs and need for new survey modules.on migration
Existing survey programs and need for new survey modules.on migration Richard E. Bilsborrow University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Richard_bilsborrow@unc.edu Presented at UN Expert Group Meeting on
More informationFacilitation Tips and Handouts for Making Population Real Training Sessions
Facilitation Tips and Handouts for Making Population Real Training Sessions The training PowerPoint presentations accompany the following handouts. Tips for facilitating each session are also provided.
More informationHuman Population Growth Through Time
Human Population Growth Through Time Current world population: 7.35 Billion (Nov. 2016) http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ 2012 7 billion 1999 13 years 12 years 1974 1927 1804 13 years 14 years
More informationINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND RELATED ECA AND PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND RELATED ECA AND PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES Economic Commission for Africa United Nations The phenomenon of international migration comes with its opportunities
More informationKENYA BRIEFING TO THE COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
KENYA BRIEFING TO THE COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN 48 th session January 2011 Amnesty International Publications First published in 2010 by Amnesty International Publications
More informationThe Scope of Human Trafficking in Nairobi and its environs
Awareness Against Human Trafficking (HAART) The Scope of Human Trafficking in Nairobi and its environs HAART Report on Survey Findings November, 2012 Please Note that the findings presented in this report
More information133% 65+ years 1% % years 14% 544% 0-2 years 5%
+59A 41% +50A 50% Multi-Sector Needs Assessment - July 2018 Background and Methodology An estimated 723,000 Rohingya refugees have fled violence in Myanmar s Rakhine state since August 25, 2017 1. Most
More informationUnit 1 Population dynamics
Unit 1 Population dynamics Dynamics continually changing Population is the centre around which human geography revolves. Because populations change constantly over time it is necessary for geographers
More informationPROJECTING THE LABOUR SUPPLY TO 2024
PROJECTING THE LABOUR SUPPLY TO 2024 Charles Simkins Helen Suzman Professor of Political Economy School of Economic and Business Sciences University of the Witwatersrand May 2008 centre for poverty employment
More informationCHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN REDUCTION OF POVERTY: A CASE STUDY OF BUEE TOWN 01 KEBELE, ETHIOPIA
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN REDUCTION OF POVERTY: A CASE STUDY OF BUEE TOWN 01 KEBELE, ETHIOPIA Dr. Ram Prasad Pal Asst. Professor, Department of Public Administration and Development
More informationEthiopia : the Gilgel Gibe Resettlement Project
No. 141 August 1999 Findings occasionally reports on development initiatives not assisted by the World Bank. This article is one such effort. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views
More informationThe Socio-Economic Characteristics and Implications of Youth Unemployment in Galeshewe Township in the Kimberley area (Northern Cape Province)
The Socio-Economic Characteristics and Implications of Youth Unemployment in Galeshewe Township in the Kimberley area (Northern Cape Province) For A Masters Mini-Thesis SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT
More informationMexico as country of origin and host.
Mexico as country of origin and host. Introduction Migration along with fertility and mortality are the main components of demographic change in a country, in Mexico, mainly related to the geographic proximity
More informationPOPULATION SITUATION AND POLICIES IN THE SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION SEA/MCH/240
POPULATION SITUATION AND POLICIES IN THE SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION SEA/MCH/240 World Health Organization 2008 All rights reserved. Requests for publications, or for permission to reproduce or translate WHO
More informationAnalyzing the Impact of International Migration on Multidimensional Poverty in Sending Countries: Empirical evidence from Cameroon
OECD-IOM-UNDESA International Forum on Migration Statistics 15-16 January 2018, Paris Analyzing the Impact of International Migration on Multidimensional Poverty in Sending Countries: Empirical evidence
More informationMIGRATION AND VOTING PATTERNS: EXPLORING THE LINKAGES IN TWO MIGRANT COMMUNITIES IN GHANA (Draft)
MIGRATION AND VOTING PATTERNS: EXPLORING THE LINKAGES IN TWO MIGRANT COMMUNITIES IN GHANA (Draft) By Mariama Awumbila Centre for Migration Studies University of Ghana Legon And Samuel Agyei-Mensah Dept
More informationRapid Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment in Kukawa, Cross Kauwa and Doro Baga
Rapid Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment in Kukawa, Cross Kauwa and Doro Baga November 2017 List of Contents Introduction and Methodology... 2 Main findings... 2 Kukawa... 2 Cross Kauwa... 4 Doro Baga...
More informationWomen s economic empowerment and poverty: lessons from urban Sudan
Women s economic empowerment and poverty: lessons from urban Sudan Samia Elsheikh College of Business Studies, Al Ghurair University, Dubai, UAE Selma E. Elamin College of Business. University of Modern
More informationThe Human Population and Its Impact. Chapter 6
The Human Population and Its Impact Chapter 6 Core Case Study: Are There Too Many of Us? (1) Estimated 2.4 billion more people by 2050 Are there too many people already? Will technological advances overcome
More informationGENDER AND DEVELOPMENT INDEX
Government of Malawi GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT INDEX 2010 April 2010 Published by Ministry of Gender, Children and Community Development and the National Statistical Office PREFACE The Malawi Gender and Development
More informationHOW ECONOMIES GROW AND DEVELOP Macroeconomics In Context (Goodwin, et al.)
Chapter 17 HOW ECONOMIES GROW AND DEVELOP Macroeconomics In Context (Goodwin, et al.) Chapter Overview This chapter presents material on economic growth, such as the theory behind it, how it is calculated,
More informationThe Demography of the Labor Force in Emerging Markets
The Demography of the Labor Force in Emerging Markets David Lam I. Introduction This paper discusses how demographic changes are affecting the labor force in emerging markets. As will be shown below, the
More informationDetermining Appropriate Housing Approaches for informal settlements in Zambia
Determining Appropriate Housing Approaches for informal settlements in Zambia Urban upgrading and Resettlement in the Context of Zambia Gift Mikandu Mukwenje Town Planner Lusaka City Council, Zambia Introduction
More informationSustainable cities, human mobility and international migration
Sustainable cities, human mobility and international migration Report of the Secretary-General for the 51 st session of the Commission on Population and Development (E/CN.9/2018/2) Briefing for Member
More informationIrregular Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa: Causes and Consequences of Young Adult Migration from Southern Ethiopia to South Africa.
Extended Abstract Irregular Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa: Causes and Consequences of Young Adult Migration from Southern Ethiopia to South Africa. 1. Introduction Teshome D. Kanko 1, Charles H. Teller
More informationPoverty in the Third World
11. World Poverty Poverty in the Third World Human Poverty Index Poverty and Economic Growth Free Market and the Growth Foreign Aid Millennium Development Goals Poverty in the Third World Subsistence definitions
More informationUNFPA: A Value Proposition for the Demographic Dividend
UNFPA: A Value Proposition for the Demographic Dividend Sustainable development cannot be achieved without assuring that all women and men, girls and boys, enjoy the dignity and human rights to expand
More informationDeveloping a Regional Core Set of Gender Statistics and Indicators in Asia and the Pacific
Developing a Regional Core Set of Gender Statistics and Indicators in Asia and the Pacific Preparatory Survey Questionnaire REGIONAL CONSULTATIVE WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP A FRAMEWORK AND CORE SET OF GENDER
More informationPopulation heterogeneity in Albania. Evidence from inter-communal mobility,
Population heterogeneity in Albania. Evidence from inter-communal mobility, 1989-2001. Michail AGORASTAKIS & Byron KOTZAMANIS University of Thessaly, Department of Planning & Regional Development, (LDSA)
More informationURBAN SLUM DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ABA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ABIA STATE
URBAN SLUM DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ABA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ABIA STATE 1 IWUAGWU, BEN UGOCHUKWU, 2 IKECHUKWU ONYEGIRI, 3 IWUAGWU, BEN CHIOMA 1, Department of Architecture Abia State
More informationHow to Generate Employment and Attract Investment
How to Generate Employment and Attract Investment Beatrice Kiraso Director UNECA Subregional Office for Southern Africa 1 1. Introduction The African Economic Outlook (AEO) is an annual publication that
More informationPakistan 2.5 Europe 11.5 Bangladesh 2.0 Japan 1.8 Philippines 1.3 Viet Nam 1.2 Thailand 1.0
173 People Snapshots Asia and the Pacific accounts for nearly 55% of global population and 6 of the world s 10 most populous economies. The region s population is forecast to grow by almost 1 billion by
More informationRevisiting Socio-economic policies to address poverty in all its dimensions in Middle Income Countries
Revisiting Socio-economic policies to address poverty in all its dimensions in Middle Income Countries 8 10 May 2018, Beirut, Lebanon Concept Note for the capacity building workshop DESA, ESCWA and ECLAC
More informationLIBERIA CORE WELFARE INDICATORS QUESTIONNAIRE (CWIQ) SURVEY ABRIDGED REPORT
REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA LIBERIA CORE WELFARE INDICATORS QUESTIONNAIRE (CWIQ) SURVEY ABRIDGED REPORT 2010 Liberia Institute of Statistics & Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) Statistics House 9th Street, Sinkor
More informationThe Trends of Income Inequality and Poverty and a Profile of
http://www.info.tdri.or.th/library/quarterly/text/d90_3.htm Page 1 of 6 Published in TDRI Quarterly Review Vol. 5 No. 4 December 1990, pp. 14-19 Editor: Nancy Conklin The Trends of Income Inequality and
More informationCOUNTRY REPORT. by Andrei V. Sonin 1 st Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Regional Workshop on Capacity-Building in Governance and Public Administration for Sustainable Development Thessaloniki, 29-31 July 2002 Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear colleagues, COUNTRY REPORT B E L A R
More informationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymwwrgv_aie Demographics Demography is the scientific study of population. Demographers look statistically as to how people are distributed spatially by age, gender, occupation,
More information