BUILDING EFFECTIVE SOCIAL SAFETY NETS AND LADDERS OUT OF POVERTY. edited by Hossain Zillur Rahman David Hulme Mathilde Maitrot Luigi Peter Ragno

Transcription

1 SOCIAL PROTECTION IN BANGLADESH BUILDING EFFECTIVE SOCIAL SAFETY NETS AND LADDERS OUT OF POVERTY edited by Hossain Zillur Rahman David Hulme Mathilde Maitrot Luigi Peter Ragno UM BEI United Nations Development Programme Empowered lives. Resilient nations. (j ) The University Press Limited

2 Contents List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Contributors Preface Foreword: Realising the Promise of Social Protection Reforms Notes from Editors xiii xvii xxiii xxv xxvii Parti Introduction Chapter 1 Consolidating Nets and Promoting Ladders in Bangladesh: From Social Safety Net Programmes to a National Social Protection System 3 David Hulme, Mathilde Maitrot, Luigi Peter Ragno and Hossain Zillur Rahman 1.1 Introduction The evolutiori of social protection in Bangladesh The present Situation From social safety net programmes to a social protection system Concluding remarks 17 Chapter 2 Social Protection s Role within a Modern Development Agenda: The Socio-Economic Impacts 21 Michael Samson 2.1 Introduction International evidence on social protection's social and economic impacts Social and economic impacts of social protection in Bangladesh A social protection framework for dynamic deepening of developmental impact Conclusions, including a cautionary note 44

3 vjjj Chapter 3 Social Protection in Bangladesh Social Protection, Poverty Exit and Household's Behaviour: A Multidisciplinary Perspective 47 Luigi Peter Ragno 3.1 Introduction Poverty entry and social protection Poverty exit and social protection Households risk taking behaviour and poverty exit Policy formulation and household behaviour Conclusion 61 Part II Leaming from International Experience Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Social Protection s Role in Reducing Poverty and Promoting Inclusive Growth in Risk Prone Environments 69 David Hulme and Mathilde Maitrot 4.1 Introduction Building national support Cash transfers and poverty reduction Northern responses and opportun!ties Policy implications: Five principles 80 Global Perspectives on Graduation and Promotion 85 Syed Hashemi and Aude Montesquiou 5.1 Introduction The graduation model: One approach to reaching the extreme poor gg 5.3 Context matters Conclusion 99 Fiscal and Financing Dimensions of Social Protection Systems 201 Armando Barrientos 6.1 Introduction Approaches to the financing of social protection: Institutions and Revenue mobilisation Estimating the financial resources needed: Positive and Normative approaches 104

4 Contents ix 6.4 The financing mix: What are the financing options facing developing countries wishing to extend social assistance? Conclusion 112 Chapter 7 Child Sensitive Social Protection: A Gase for Enhancing Effectiveness and Efficiency in Development Programming 115 Usha Mishra 7.1 Introduction The case for child sensitive social protection: The convergence of the rights and the efficiency arguments From social protection to CSSP The role of the donors and development partners Conclusion 135 Chapter 8 Oportunidades - Mexico s Experience 139 Arturo Cornejo Moreno-Valle and Sara Delgado Colin 8.1 Introduction Social policy in Mexico before Oportunidades Oportunidades, a human development programme The programme s evolution Evaluations results Innovation« Challenges and learning from experience 151 Chapter 9 China s Experience on Social Protection of Migrants to Urban Areas 153 Wang Liejun 9.1 Introduction Overview of China's internal migration and migrant workers Development strategies and China's rural-urban migration policies in historical perspective Major social protection polices for rural-urban migrants since Role of UN agencies in China's social protection process Challenges and future agenda Possible implications for other countries 164

5 X Social Protection in Bangladesh Chapter 10 Use of Technology in Delivering Social Protection: The Case of M-PESA 169 Mathilde Maitrot and Chistopher Foster 10.1 Introduction Implementing social protection programmes Using technology for effective delivery systems M-PESA government-run social transfer schemes Mobile money for social transfers Conclusion: M-PESA, adaptable to the social protection agenda? 187 Chapter 11 International Experience of Delivering Social Protection: Are There Lessens for Bangladesh? 191 David Hulme and Mathilde Maitrot 11.1 Introduction The need for coherent, overarching social protection strategies and effective institutional struetures Implementing integrated management information systems (MIS) Identification and registration of beneficiaries Delivering social transfers Monitoring and evaluation Policy lessons: Can Bangladesh learn from international experience? Conclusion 203 Part III Reforming Social Protection in Bangladesh: Design,Delivery and Programming Opportunities Chapter 12 Extreme Poor Adivasis and the Problem of Accessing Social Safety Nets 209 Sk. Zakir Hossain and Philipp Kappestein 12.1 Introduction Methodology Scale of exclusion from safety nets: Eligibility vs. actual receipt Selection: The politics of Adivasi exclusion from safety nets 219

6 Contents xi 12.5 Cultural labelling and prejudice Conclusion Recommendations 227 Chapter 13 Comprehensive Social Protection for the Urban Poor: Integrating Health and Social Protection Programmes 231 Matthew Walsham 13.1 Introduction Social health protection Urban health and poverty in Bangladesh Existing policies and programmes Case study - Narayanganj Pourashava Conclusion 247 Chapter 14 Child Poverty in Bangladesh and the Social Protection Response: A Brief Overview and Ways Forward 251 Disa Sjöblom 14.1 Introduction Child poverty in Bangladesh Social protection in Bangladesh Reforms and recommendations 267 Chapter 15 UNICEF Support to Bangladesh Government in Modeling Child Sensitive Social Protection 271 Rose Anne Papavero 15.1 Background Strengthening the child protection system through modeling Alternatives have been identified and promoted in particular livelihoods/liveli-hoods promotion of alternatives Interlink between harmful social norms change and child protection system strengthening: Transformative social protection Human Interest Story 1: Cash transfers bring new hope to children made vulnerable by cyclone Sidr - September Human Interest Story 2: Cash transfers offer new hope to urbanpoop-march

7 xii Social Protection in Bangladesh 15.7 Human Interest Story 3: A new chapter in his life waits for Sakib at the Drop in Centre [D1C] - April Chapter 16 The Fiscal Dimensions of Social Protection Reforms in Bangladesh 289 Bazlul Plaque Khondker and Biplab Kumar Datta 16.1 Introduction Overview of social protection in Bangladesh Fiscal space and allocation requirement Scaling up and fiscal space Policy recommendations 307 Chapter 17 The Treatment Effect of Social Safety Nets Programmes in Bangladesh: A Regression Discontinuity Design Approach 311 Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman 17.1 Introduction Social safety net programmes Regression discontinuity design Background and the data Estimated results Discussion Conclusion 331 Part IV Conclusion Chapter 18 Social Protection in Bangladesh: The Road Ahead 339 Index Hossain Zillur Rahman, David Hulme, Mathilde Maitrot and Luigi Peter Ragno 18.1 Upscaling social protection: An einerging national priority Where does Bangladesh stand on social protection? Building blocks for a national social protection strategy The road ahead: Business-as-usual or beyond the injustice of poverty?