Bangladesh Economy in the 21 st Century

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1 Bangladesh Economy in the 21 st Century A in m ins 1/ Selected Papers from the 2008 and 2009 Conferences on Bangladesh at Harvard University edited by MunirQuddusand Farida C. Khan Bangladesh Development Initiative The University Press Limited

2 Contents List of Tables, Figures and Box Abbreviations Contributors Editorial Remarks from BDI Preface Part I Production and Employment xiv xix xxv xxxv xxxvii Chapter 1 Determinants of Non-farm Employments in Rural Bangladesh: A Case of Comilla Sadar Upazila 3 Mohammad Abdul Malek and Koichi Usami 1.1 Introduction Literature Review Methodology Findings Conclusions and Recommendations 21 Chapter 2 Analysis of a Virtual Market for Mass Production of Appropriate Industrial Goods 29 ShafiAKhaled 2.1 Introduction Literature Survey and Related Issues The Virtual Model Interpretation and Inference Conclusion 47

3 Bangladesh Economy in the 21st Century Chapter 3 To What Extent Can Primary Sector Producers in LDCs Move Up the Global Commodity Chain? A Case Study of the Bangladesh Shrimp Industry Nazia Habib-Mintz 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theoretical Frameworks 3.3 At the Crossroads: The Shrimp Industry 3.4 Trade Regulation and Bangladesh 3.5 Moving Up Process 3.6 Policy Matters: Market, State and Society 3.7 Conclusion Chapter 4 Papermaking from Jute: A Win-Win Solution for Bangladesh 85 Bernhard G. Gunter, M. Sarwar Jahan, ARM. Ataur Rahman : Introduction Overview of Bangladesh Paper Industry Availability and Suitability of Non-wood Fibers in Bangladesh Economic Viability Some Developmental Implications Environmental Implications Conclusion Part II Financing Development Chapter 5 Bangladesh Capital Market: Prospects and Challenges Mamun Rashid 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Causes of Underdevelopment 5.3 The Current Situation Compared to The Recent Surge in Stocks 5.5 Opportunities 5.6 Recommendations

4 Contents ix Chapter 6 An Investigation into the Efficiency of Commercial Banks of Bangladesh 115 Mainul Islam Chowdhury, ARM. Ataur Rahman 6.1 Introduction Literature Review Conclusion 130 Chapter 7 Foreign Direct Investment and Investment Climate: Comparing Bangladesh with Selected Countries in South Asia 143 Rahim Quazi and Munir Quddus 7.1 Introduction Literature Review An Econometric Model Data, Methodology and Estimation Investment Climate Foreign Firm's Perspective Policy Implications and Recommendations Conclusion 162 Chapter 8 A Study of Performance and Challenges of Remittance Inflows in Bangladesh 165 Md. Golzare Nabi and Md. Mahmudul Mam 8.1 Introduction Review of Literature Performance of Remittance Inflows in Bangladesh Country-wise Trends Scale and Nature of Labor Remittance and Transferring Channels Contributions of Remittances to the Economy Remittances and Migrant Related Measures and Policies Constraints and Challenges in Remittance Flows Policy Options and Recommendations Conclusion l 183

5 x Bangladesh Economy in the 21st Century Chapter 9 Workers' Remittances and National Economic Development: Contemporary Trends and Macroeconomic Policy Options 195 CafDowlah 9.1 Introduction Trends and Patterns of Migration and Remittances Economic Rationale Behind Labor Migration Theoretical Perspectives Remittances and Domestic Economic Growth Evidence Governmental Macroeconomic Policy Options Concluding Remarks 220 Chapter 10 Aid, Debt, and Development in Bangladesh: Synergies or Contradictions 227 Bernhard G. Gunter, ARM. Ataur Rahman and Jesmin Rahman 10.1 Introduction Impact, Effectiveness, and Future of Aid to Bangladesh Debt Issues Conclusions and Recommendations 254 Part III NGQ, Migration and Remittances Chapter 11 NPO Funding and Aid Dependency: A Case Study in Bangladesh 263 Aeshna Badruzzaman, Darren Zook 11.1 Introduction A Brief History of Civil Society in Bangladesh Bangladesh Independence and the Emergence of NPOs A Description of Two Organizations Methodology Analysis Conclusion - 280

6 Contents xi Chapter 12 Microfinance and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from a Longitudinal Panel Database 285 Mohammad A Razzaque 12.1 Introduction Data Measuring Poverty Incidence Panel Data, Estimation, and Results Concluding Observations 308 Chapter 13 Temporary Migration in the Lean Period: Evidence from Northern Bangladesh 311 Abu Shonchoy, Abu Shahriar and Sakiba Zeba 13.1 Introduction Data Analysis and Description Hypotheses The Determinants of the Seasonal Migration Decision Concluding Remarks 323 Chapter 14 Remittances and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: A Bounds Testing Approach 327 Md. Gazi Salah Uddin, Abdullah M. Noman 14.1 Introduction Review of Empirical Literature Performance of the Remittance Sector in Bangladesh Data and Methodology Results and Findings Concluding Remarks 340 Part IV Growth and Development Chapter 15 Economic Growth in Bangladesh: Experience and Policy Priorities 347 Jyoti Rahman, Asif Yusuf 15.1 Introduction Growth Experience 350

7 xii Bangladesh Economy in the 21st Century 15.3 Factors Affecting Growth Prospects Growth Diagnostics Conclusion 380 Chapter 16 Macroeconomic Developments, Policies and Issues in Bangladesh, Akhand Akhtar Hossain 16.1 Introduction Economic Growth, Structural Change in Output and Employment Macroeconomic Developments, Policies^and Issues in Bangladesh Under Different Political Regimes Growth Determinants and Conditions in Bangladesh Summary and Concluding Remarks 427 Chapter 17 Challenges of the New Decade and Reforms for Growth in Bangladesh 433 Biru Paksha Paul 17.1 Introduction 17!2 Challenges of the Next Decade 17.3 Reforming the Priority Sectors for Growth 17.4 Market Economy and Growth in Bangladesh 17.5 Conclusion Chapter 18 Determinants of Economic Development Shaikh A Hamid 18.1 Introduction 18.2 An Assessment 18.3 Foreign Aid 18.4 Major Hurdles 18.5 Leadership 18.6 Corruption 18.7 Failure of Politicians 18.8 Enabling Investment Environment 18.9 Manufacturing Base Stability Democracy Natural Resources Fallout of Economic Growth

8 Contents xiii Role of Political Parties Private Sector and Economic Growth Asian Tigers and Economic Growth Justice Conclusion 486 Chapter 19 The Readymade Garment Export Industry in Bangladesh: A Review and Update 489 Anisul M. Islam, Munir Quddus 19.1 Introduction Background Literature Review Performance of Bangladeshi RMG Industry RMG Sector's Contributions to Exports and the Economy Bangladesh RMG Sector Performance Global Comparisons Future Challenges Recommendations and Concluding Remarks 510 Chapter 20 Domestic Coalitions and the Push for Policy Change in Bangladesh's Garments and Textiles Industry 513 Sanchita Saxena 20.1 Introduction Background Present Study and Competitiveness Theoretical Arguments Methodology Coalition Building and Policy Change in Bangladesh New Partnership for Development Recommendations Conclusion 535 Index ( 539

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