2009 Jamaican National Crime Victimization Survey: Preliminary Results

Transcription

1 2009 Jamaican National Crime Victimization Survey: Preliminary Results Dr. Scot Wortley Associate Professor Centre of Criminology University of Toronto

2 Background The Jamaican National Crime Victimization Survey (JNCVS) was developed and funded by the Ministry of National Security, Government of Jamaica. The JNCVS is designed to contribute to the analysis of crime and criminal justice issues in Jamaica. The survey instrument was developed by Professor Scot Wortley and his colleagues at the Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto.

3 Background Sampling, survey administration, data entry and data cleaning were conducted by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN). The 1 st Jamaica National Crime Victimization Survey (JNCVS) was conducted in 2006 (final sample=3,112 respondents). Data collection for the 2 nd JNCVS was conducted between January and July 2009 (final sample=3,056 respondents)

4 Purpose of the Preliminary Report Describe major results from 2009 JNCVS and provide comparisons with findings from the 2006 survey. Focus on the following issues: 1) Patterns of criminal victimization; 2) Community crime problems; 3) Indirect exposure to crime; 4) Fear of Crime; and 5) Public attitudes towards the Jamaican police and other aspects of the Jamaican criminal justice system.

5 Methodology Three stage stratified sampling procedure. First Stage: Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Second Stage: Random selection of dwellings from chosen PSUs. Third Stage: Random selection of individuals 16 years of age or older from selected dwellings (birthday selection method).

6 Methodology Final sampling frame=4,080 dwellings. Final sample=3,056 respondents. Response rate=75%. However, 87% of the households contacted agreed to participate in the study. Some households in the sample were apparently not contacted for survey participation.

7 Sample Description CHARACTERISTIC MEAN AGE 43.0 yrs 44.3 yrs GENDER 47.7% 49.4% MARRIED SINGLE SOME SECONDARY SCHOOL COMPLETED SECONDARY SCHOOL UNIVERSITY DEGREE FULL-TIME STUDENT WORKING FULL-TIME UNEMPLOYED LIVED IN COMMUNITY FOR A YEAR OR LESS LIVED IN COMMUNITY FOR 10 OR MORE YEARS INCOME LESS THAN $10,000 (JA) PER MONTH INCOME -- $60,000 OR MORE PER MONTH NOT STATED 23.1% 48.1% 21.9% 38.2% 4.1% 5.4% 47.9% 14.6% 3.7% 71.7% 16.8% 6.9% 43.2% 23.0% 42.7% 22.9% 36.5% 3.5% 4.6% 45.6% 16.7% 2.7% 75.4% 11.6% 10.6% 47.2%

8 Sample Description PARISH CHARACTERISTIC Kingston St. Andrew St. Thomas Portland St. Mary St. Ann Trelawny St. James Hanover Westmoreland St. Elizabeth Manchester Clarendon St. Catherine 4.7% 23.8% 3.7% 2.7% 4.2% 5.8% 2.6% 7.2% 2.5% 5.3% 4.9% 6.2% 7.5% 19.0% 5.4% 15.6% 6.8% 5.1% 8.1% 5.4% 5.2% 5.4% 4.7% 5.4% 5.0% 7.5% 7.5% 14.2%

9

10

11 Recent Property Victimization 2006 and 2009 JNCVS Results TYPE OF VICTIMIZATION 2006 RESULTS 2009 RESULTS Motor Vehicle Theft 0.6% 0.5% Theft from Vehicles 1.7% 2.0% Bike/Motorcycle Theft 1.3% 1.4% Burglary/B&E 2.0% 3.4% Attempted Burglary 1.5% 1.1% Larceny/Theft 2.9% 3.1% Praedial Larceny 8.1% 13.7% Vandalism 0.9% 2.2% Arson 0.4% 0.5% Fraud 0.5% 0.8% TOTAL PROPERTY 17.6% 23.6%

12 Recent Violent Victimization 2006 and 2009 JNCVS Results TYPE OF VICTIMIZATION 2006 RESULTS 2009 RESULTS Robbery (at gunpoint) 1.3% 1.0% Robbery (no gun involved) 0.8% 0.6% Threats (with a weapon) 2.2% 2.7% Threats (no weapon) 3.1% 3.9% Assault (with a weapon) 1.5% 1.5% Assault (no weapon) 0.8% 1.5% Sexual Assault 0.1% 0.5% Kidnapping 0.0% 0.1% Extortion NA% 1.3% TOTAL VIOLENCE 8.6% 10.0%

13 Victimization in the Past Year 2006 and 2009 JNCVS Results

14

15

16 Percent of Respondents Who Experienced a Criminal Victimization in the Past Year, by Gender

17 Percent of Respondents Who Experienced a Victimization in the Past Year, by Age Group

18

19

20 Percent Change in Victimization Rates: 2005/06 to 2008/09 TYPE OF CRIME UNITED STATES JAMAICA Sexual Assault 0% +500% Robbery -33% -15% Assault -12% +18% Motor Vehicle Theft -12% -17% Burglary/B&E -21% +50% Theft/Larceny -16% +43% TOTAL VIOLENCE -14% +8% TOTAL PROPERTY -14% +30%

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 Percent of Respondents Who Feel Unsafe Engaging in Specific Activities, by Gender

29 Percent of Respondents Who are Worried or Very Worried about Being the Victim of a Crime, by Crime Type and Gender

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38 Self-Reported Gang Affiliation

39

40

41 Percent of Respondents Who Feel that the Jamaican Police are Doing a Good Job Performing Specific Law Enforcement Duties POLICE TASK A GOOD JOB AN AVERAGE JOB A POOR JOB Enforcing the law Responding quickly Being approachable Supplying information Ensuring public safety Treating people fairly Patrolling Fighting criminal gangs Preventing police brutality Preventing police corruption Dealing with public complaints

42

43

44 Percent of Respondents Who Have been a Victim or Witnessed Police Misconduct

45 Percent of Respondents Who Believe that the Police Treat Some People Worse or Much Worse than Others

46 Percent of Respondents Who Feel that the Jamaican Criminal Courts are Doing a Good Job Performing Specific Legal Duties LEGAL DUTY A GOOD JOB AN AVERAGE JOB A POOR JOB Providing justice quickly Helping crime victims Ensuring fair trials

47

48

49 Percent of Respondents Who Feel that the Jamaican Prison System is Doing a Good Job Performing Specific Correctional Duties LEGAL DUTY A GOOD JOB AN AVERAGE JOB A POOR JOB Supervising/controlling offenders Deterring criminals Rehabilitating criminals

50

51 Percent of Respondents Who Believe that the Jamaican Courts Treat Some People Worse or Much Worse than Others

52

53

54 Percent of Respondents Who Feel that the Jamaican Parole System is Doing a Good Job Performing Specific Legal Duties LEGAL DUTY A GOOD JOB AN AVERAGE JOB A POOR JOB Deciding who to release back into the community from prison Monitoring offenders in the community

55 Major Causes of Crime in Jamaica: Respondent Perspectives

56 Percent of Respondents Who Agree that Certain Strategies Will Reduce Crime in Jamaica STRATEGY AGREE DISAGREE Hire more police officers Provide police with better equipment/resources Provide Jamaican police with better training Develop a special police task force to fight gangs Create a better witness protection program Build more prisons Give out harsher punishments to convicted criminals Government needs to create more jobs Government needs to improve the education system Government should give welfare to poor people Stop the deportation of criminals to Jamaica Spend more money on offender rehabilitation Help convicted offenders find jobs Fund parent training programs

57 Percent of Respondents Who Agree or Disagree with the Following Statement: Government Efforts to Reduce Poverty Will be More Effective at Reducing Crime than Hiring More Police Officers or Increasing the Severity of Punishment.

58 Percent of Respondents Who Have Heard of and/or Used the Citizen Security and Justice Program (CSJP)

59 Percent of Respondents Who Feel that the CSJP is Doing a Good, Average or Poor Job Preventing Crime

60 DATA LIMITATIONS Respondent honesty (willingness to report) Respondent memory (telescoping) Sampling issues (difficulty interviewing transient populations, those who reside in improvised housing, those in high crime communities, etc.)