The Role of Interoperability for the Management of the Refugee Flow

Transcription

1 The Role of Interoperability for the Management of the Refugee Flow G. Neubauer 1, M. Hörlesberger 1, R. Grüner 2, S. Schirnhofer 1 1) AIT, 2) DLR Establish Pan-European Information Space to Enhance security of Citizens Funded from the European Community s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/SEC under the grant agreement no EPISECC.

2 Table of Content 1. Introduction International Developments 2. The FP7 project EPISECC 1. The goal of the project 2. An approach to examine information exchange 3. An indicator for interoperability 3. Results 1. General outcome on crisis management 2. Specific results on the refugee crisis 4. Outcomes

3 Introduction The ongoing flow of refugees is one of the main challenges of both the member states as well as the European Union Number of refugees, internally displaced people as well as asylum seekers moving through Europe is unrivalled compared to previous crisis of the last decades Information exchange between in particular cross border acting stakeholders was often hampered

4 Worldwide developments 1 (UNHCR) Forcibly Displaced Persons Refugees Int. displaced persons Asylum seekers UNHCR Global Trends (2014): 59.5 million forcibly displaced persons, among them 19.5 million refugees, 38.2 mill. internally displaced persons (IDP) and 1.8 mill. asylum seekers

5 0,016 European developments 3 (UNHCR) Refugees per capita 0,014 0,012 0,01 0,008 0,006 0,004 0,002 Austria France Italy Sweden Denmark Hungary Greece Poland Germany

6 Objectives of EPISECC 1. Develop a pan-european inventory of past critical events/disasters and their consequences focusing on the performance of processes, data exchange and organisational boundaries 2. Develop a concept of a common information space including appropriate semantic definitions by taxonomies and/or ontologies. 3. Analysing existing interoperability concepts and derive concept of a common information space 4. Validation of the architecture and suggestion of novel Emergency and Crisis Management Models

7 Adaptor Common Information Space - overview Admin WorkStation Adaptor Transl. Enterprise Service Bus or Service registry and peer-to-peer network Common Information Space Value Added Service (WIXXM WMS/WFS) Metadatamodel, Taxonomy, Translation Tables Internet

8 Pan European Inventory of events/disasters, considering time dimension Technical Approach: Development process of EPISECC inventory Online Questionnaire Interviews with Stakeholders Pre- Questioning Stakeholder Consultation

9 Questionnaire Interface to Stakeholders Information on interviewed Organization Focus on specific event (Disaster) including used processes, measures, standards, data resources, tools, cooperation with other organizations and interoperability

10 Interoperability KI Int = 0,5 100 T suc + 0,5 100 T c D Tr is D Tr id D Us is D Us id KI Int T suc Key Indicator for Interoperability (Value between 0 and 1, 0 = Worst Case, 1 = Best Case) Normalized Time for Setting Up an information exchange Channel, e.g. a frequency channel for communication (Value 0 ideal case = no time for setting up Channel, value 100 worst case = worst case time to set up Channel, depending on expectation of stakeholder) T c Normalized Time for exchanging or provision of information (Value 0 ideal case = no time needed for the process of information exchange (ideal, not possible, the shorter, the better), value 100 worst case = worst case time for exchanging information, depending on expectation of stakeholder) D Tr is Data transmitted real status (is); (Value 100 best case = all required data transmitted, value 0 worst case = worst case, no required data transmitted) D Tr id D Us is D Us id Data transmitted ideal (id); always 100 (100%), all expected data transmitted Data understood real status (is); (Value 100 best case = all data transmitted understood, value 0 worst case = worst case, no required data understood) Data understood ideal (id); always 100 (100%), all expected data understood

11 Establish Pan-European Information Space to Enhance security of Citizens Funded from the European Community s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/SEC under the grant agreement no EPISECC.

12 Frequency Interoperability Refugee Scenarios 7 Key Indicator for Interoperability in a specific Measure (only refugee scenarios) ,5 0,5-0,75 0,75-0, ,5 0,5-0,75 0,75-0, Categories of Indicator Values

13 Requirements Refugee Scenarios

14 Summary of Analysis of Refugee Data The number of requirements of the migration and refugee crisis is predominated by requests on interoperability Stakeholders call for information concerning the number of refugees within and beyond Austria/the countries While stakeholders involved in other disaster categories like Geologicaland Hydrological disasters are also struggling with an operational picture, the lack of essential information is the main problem for stakeholders of the migration and refugee crisis Mainly software or platforms are required, to get detailed information about an amount of refugees approaching specific border areas, or to manage quarters for them On average an Interoperability Indicator value of 0.84 was reached, which is slightly better than the mean Interoperability Indicator value for all disaster categories (without migration and refugee crises), which is 0.79 Nevertheless, the limited number of interviews allows no conclusions

15 Funded from the European Community s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/SEC under the grant agreement no EPISECC.

16 Worldwide developments 2 (UNHCR) 0,2 Refugees per capita 0,15 0,1 0,05 Ethiopia Iran Jordan Lebanon Pakistan Turkey Global Estimates People Displaced by Disasters : More than 19.3 Mio were displaced by disasters in 100 countries in 2014, 17.5 Mio by weather related events, 1.7 Mio by geophysical hazards (Internal Displacement Monitoring Center, Norwegian Refugee Council

17 European developments 4 (UNHCR) 0,006 Asylum Seekers per capita 0,005 0,004 0,003 0,002 0,001 Austria Germany France Italy Sweden Denmark Hungary Greece Poland

18 UNHCR - Definitions 1. Refugees: include individuals recognized under the 1951 convention relating to the status of refugees,, individuals granted complementary forms of protection, and those enjoying temporary protection 2. Internally displaced persons: persons who have been forced to leave their homes or places of habitual residence both by violence or man-made or natural disasters without crossing borders 3. Asylum seekers: individuals who have sought international protection and whose claims for refugee status have not been determined*) *) Reference: UNHCR Global Trends Forced Displacements in 2014,

19 Concept: Analyzing the response to questions from stakeholders Questions are related to: a. Selected disasters b. Processes/measures of responding to the specific disaster a. b

20 Requirements to improve disaster management

21 Establish Pan-European Information Space to Enhance security of Citizens Funded from the European Community s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/SEC under the grant agreement no EPISECC.

22 Requirements to improve disaster management

23 Requirements to improve disaster management

24 Requirements to improve disaster management Requirements on Technical Solutions sorted according to Type of Disaster Requirements/Problems for Complex Disasters public communication system resistance Software to manage location of refugee in different quarters Requirements/Problems for Hydrological Disasters common radio Lack of web based tool to timely communicate situation monitoring of social media in order to prevent spread of false info better information of citizens Requirements/Problems for Geological Disasters Resilience of communication tools Resilience of communication tools UAV for monitoring & communication Requirements/Problems for Climatogical Disasters Better communication in mountain area Requirements/Problems for Non - Specific Disasters Access to TETRA system to track vehicles Requirements/Problems for Technological Disasters Police Common Field System Requirements on Resources sorted according to Type of Disaster Requirements/Problems for Complex Disasters Mobile homes Waste management Requirements/Problems for Hydrological Disasters more smartphones for participants in disaster management Requirements/Problems for Geological Disasters UAV for monitoring & communication Requirements/Problems for Climatological Disasters increase number of smart phones better fire roads Better maintenance of fire roads Better maintenance of hydrant networks More communication equipment Requirements/Problems for Technological Disasters blackout of electricity supply lack of fuel reserves lack of autonome communication tools

25 Summary of Outcome from Inventory More than 40 interviews were performed interviewing mainly governmental organizations Interoperability was in most cases at least acceptable according to a indicator developed on purpose Regarding use of common standards and tools the degree of harmonization seems to be low in Europe The majority of disasters analyzed were natural, hydrological disasters About 180 requirements dedicated to improve management of disasters were expressed, the majority of them are related to interoperability Information obtained so far is used to improve the development of a common information space and gives in addition insight in European crisis and disaster management - we continue to look for additional areas of application of the EPISECC inventory