United Nations Program

Transcription

1 United Nations Program Brief Overview of the UN Page 2 Organizational Chart of the U.N Page 3 Blank Resolution Template Page 4 Sample Resolution. Page 5 Resolution Funding Page 6 Info on 25 Richest & 25 Poorest Nations.. Page 7 What does the UN actually do?.. Page 9 Researching a Resolution and Topics Page 11 International News Tracker.. Page 12 U.N. Peacekeepers Around the World.. Page 13 Responding to a Resolution... Page 16 Summary of U.N. Dues.. Page 17 Other Civitas Programs.. Page 21 Sponsored by Civitas

2 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF UNITED NATIONS 1. The United Nations was founded in 1945 with the main impetus coming from the United States and other victors in World War II. One of the main goals was to take steps towards a form of "collective security" to help maintain peace following World War II in which 60 million people died. The structure of the U.N. in many ways reflects the wishes of the victors of WW II. This is most evident by the five nations which have veto power in the Security Council: U.S., Russia (the former U.S.S.R.), U.K., France, and China. 2. The structure includes a General Assembly, a Security Council, the International Court of Justice, a Secretariat, and a number of other lesser known agencies. Most of these other administrative arms of the United Nations have responsibility for peace-keeping (Middle East, former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Haiti), for aid to developing nations, or for a variety of tasks ranging from managing international postal service to coordinating international air traffic control. 3. When the U.N. was founded in 1945, it had only 51 members. That number has presently grown to 193. In the General Assembly, voting is based on a one-nation one-vote system. Thus, a country such as Monaco (with a population the size of University City) has equal voting power to that of China (with a population of 1.3 billion, one-fifth of the planet's population). It is actually possible to form a two-thirds majority in the General Assembly from countries representing only 10% of the world's population and who pay only 5% of the United Nations dues. 4. The budget for the UN s core functions the Secretariat operations in New York, Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and five Regional Commissions is $5.6 billion every 2 years. This is about 7% of New York City s annual budget (a whopping $78.5 billion) and less than the cost of the 2012 U.S. election cycle (Spending for the Presidential race and Congressional races is estimated to be at least 6.3 billion.) The USA s share of the UN s regular budget is $621 million a year the equivalent of $1.94 per American. The United States is often in arrears on its payments. 5. The Security Council has primary responsibility for international peace-keeping. A United Nations peace-keeping force can be formed to enter a conflict only with the consent of nine of the fifteen members of the Council, including all five permanent nations. The most significant conflict in which the United Nations has become involved was in Korea ( ). There are a number of other major disputes in which the U.N. has not become involved (such as Vietnam, Nicaragua, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and more recently Iraq and Afghanistan.). However, perhaps a true evaluation of how well the U.N. has done in maintaining peace since 1945 is by noting the numerous successes which it has had when nations have been about to engage in war. The United Nations provides a forum for countries to concurrently debate their cases and seek an alternative to war. BASIC OPERATION OF A MODEL UNITED NATIONS 1. Model United Nations are experiences in which students take on the roles of representing various nations in the U.N. and engaging in debate and voting about the issues. They can be very significant learning experiences for students because: A-- Students learn a considerable amount about global awareness. They come to see that there are scores of interests which nations have in the world, and they do not necessarily match the positions of the United States. B-- They learn a great deal about conflict resolution. C-- They learn to take on the roles of delegates from different countries. D-- They learn to discuss an issue in a fashion in which there are rules of procedure governing when, how, and under what conditions they may speak. E-- They learn to work with others in building coalitions and acting in the form of bloc politics. F-- They learn to speak in front of a larger group, enhancing both their speaking and listening skills. G-- They learn to have fun in another constructive way. H-- They learn better respect for one another. 2

3 This Chart is a reflection of the functional organization of the United Nations System and for informational purposes only. It does not include all offices or entities of the United Nations System United Nations. All rights reserved worldwide Published by the United Nations Department of Public Information DPI/2470 rev July 2015 The United Nations System UN Principal Organs General Assembly Subsidiary Organs Main and other sessional committees Disarmament Commission Human Rights Council International Law Commission Standing committees and ad hoc bodies Funds and Programmes 1 UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund UNV United Nations Volunteers UNEP 8 United Nations Environment Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UN-HABITAT 8 United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNICEF United Nations Children s Fund Research and Training UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNSSC United Nations System Staff College UNU United Nations University Other Entities ITC International Trade Centre (UN/WTO) UNCTAD 1,8 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNHCR 1 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services UNRWA 1 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East WFP World Food Programme (UN/FAO) UN-Women 1 United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women Related Organizations CTBTO Preparatory Commission Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization IAEA 1, 3 International Atomic Energy Agency ICC International Criminal Court ISA International Seabed Authority ITLOS International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea OPCW 3 Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons WTO 1, 4 World Trade Organization Security Council Subsidiary Organs Counter-terrorism committees International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (MICT) Military Staff Committee Peacekeeping operations and political missions Sanctions committees (ad hoc) Standing committees and ad hoc bodies Advisory Subsidiary Body Peacebuilding Commission HLPF High-level Political Forum on sustainable development Economic and Social Council Secretariat Functional Commissions Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Narcotic Drugs Population and Development Science and Technology for Development Social Development Statistics Status of Women United Nations Forum on Forests Regional Commissions 8 ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Other Bodies Committee for Development Policy Committee of Experts on Public Administration Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNGEGN United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Research and Training International Court of Justice Trusteeship Council 6 Departments and Offices EOSG Executive Office of the Secretary-General DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs DFS Department of Field Support DGACM Department for General Assembly and Conference Management DM Department of Management DPA Department of Political Affairs DPI Department of Public Information DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations DSS Department of Safety and Security OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OIOS Office of Internal Oversight Services OLA Office of Legal Affairs OSAA Office of the Special Adviser on Africa PBSO Peacebuilding Support Office SRSG/CAAC Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict SRSG/SVC Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict UNISDR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNICRI United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development UNODA United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs UNODC 1 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNOG United Nations Office at Geneva UN-OHRLLS Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States UNON United Nations Office at Nairobi UNOP 2 United Nations Office for Partnerships UNOV United Nations Office at Vienna Specialized Agencies 1, 5 FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization ITU International Telecommunication Union UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNWTO World Tourism Organization UPU Universal Postal Union WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization World Bank Group 7 IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation Notes: 1 All members of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB). 2 UN Office for Partnerships (UNOP) is the UN s focal point vis-a-vis the United Nations Foundation, Inc. 3 IAEA and OPCW report to the Security Council and the GA. 4 WTO has no reporting obligation to the GA, but contributes on an ad hoc basis to GA and Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) work on, inter alia, finance and development issues. 5 Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations whose work is coordinated through ECOSOC (intergovernmental level) and CEB (inter-secretariat level). 6 The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994, as on 1 October 1994 Palau, the last United Nations Trust Territory, became independent. 7 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) are not specialized agencies but are part of the World Bank Group in accordance with Articles 57 and 63 of the Charter. 8 The secretariats of these organs are part of the UN Secretariat.

4 Suggestions or Solutions Principles and Problems RESOLUTION WRITING HEADING Re.: Resolution submitted to: Resolution submitted by: Date: PREAMBLE Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Confident Convinced Deeply concerned Emphasizing Fully aware Guided by Having considered A Principles that apply to UDHR: * * * Preambulatory Phrases B Problems -- acts which violate the principles: * * * Keeping in mind Noting with deep concern Observing Realizing Reaffirming Recalling Recognizing Seeking Taking into consideration Whereas OPERATIVE CLAUSES Accepts Affirms Approves Authorizes Calls Calls upon Condemns Congratulates Be It Hereby Resolved That: Confirms Considers Declares accordingly Deplores Draws the attention Designates Emphasizes Encourages Operative Phrases Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further recommends Further resolves Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recommends Reminds Regrets Requests Supports Transmits Urges Welcomes 4

5 SAMPLE Civitas UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTION Heading: Re: Rainforest Conservation Submitted to: General Assembly Submitted by: Norway Date: September 2016 Fall, 2016 Establishing in the PREAMBLE the principles that apply in this resolution: Whereas Article 27, section 1 of the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS states, Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits., and Whereas Article 29 section 1 of the UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS states, Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible., and Concerned that deforestation in Brazil s Amazon rainforest has seen an increase of 53% since July 2014, and Noting that the Amazon rainforest is an international treasure which contains the highest global biodiversity percentage and the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world, and Recognizing that destroying the rainforest would lead to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions and would also lead to the destruction of many rare animal and plant species, and Whereas Norway has generously donated $1 billion to Brazil for the preservation of the rainforest and to study sustainable development practices, and Keeping in mind that the majority of the deforestation to the Amazon happens illegally for lumber and cattle farming, and Ashamed that Brazil has done little to curb these unlawful practices, Be It Hereby Resolved That the General Assembly: 1. The United Nations create the Amazon Protection Taskforce (UNAPT). The goal of this group would be to stop illegal deforestation practices in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia (the 3 nations with the highest % of Amazon Rainforest). 2. UNAPT will work with each nation s government to equip and train Amazon Rainforest Inspectors. There will be 50 inspectors per nation, for a total of 150 inspectors. Using satellite images provided by the non-profit research group Imazon who has been monitoring the Amazon since 1990 experts will be able to see where deforestation occurs and will send a team of inspectors to discover the cause. 3. If the deforestation is illegal in nature or taking place in a government protected area, the team will have the power to issue a fine or imprison the wrong doer. Punishments will vary according to the laws of the nation. 4. To pay for UNAPT, we are requesting $15,000, The fifteen million dollars will be spent as follows: -Salary for inspectors will be $700 a month for 5 years. (Higher than national minimum wage) = $6.3 million -12 vehicles for each nation would be 36 vans total. $30,000 per van = $1,080,000. -$5,000 to equip each inspector with uniform, phone, laptop, etc = $750,000. -The remaining funds ($8,130,000) will be used for training, fuel, lodging, other incidentals. 5. UNAPT will last for 5 years. After 5 years, if deforestation has decreased by 25% the program can be renewed. 6. If the program is renewed, the next 3 nations that hold some of the Amazon Rainforest (Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia) can be added to the program or the General Assembly may pick another large forest to preserve. If you were submitting this resolution, you would also need to include where the $15 million dollars for this program comes from. 5

6 How to Tackle Funding Your UN program: Step 1: Figure an approximate cost Obviously you will often have to make educated guesses at how much your programs will cost, but it s useful to at least go through that process of estimation. You can actually find out a lot about approximate costs just by googling your budget items. Often the cost of something varies depending on geography. However, here are a few useful facts: 2 The cost of a pill to treat stomach parasites in a child in Africa 7 Provides 50 kids with safe water for a day 19 The price of a healthy meal for a school child in a poor country 48 Will give a child a notebook and pencil to use in a classroom 60 Buys water purification tablets to treat 5 gallons of water. $1 Pays for protein biscuits for a starving child $2 Purchases 1 liter of therapeutic milk $3 Price of a machete in West Africa (used by many farmers, thugs, and political gangsters) $7 The cost of a bed net that will protect two people against malaria for five years $10 The price of an AK-47 in Africa. (It s the preferred gun of warlords, is used by child soldiers, and sold on the black market) $25 The cost per month of treating one child who has AIDS $31 Buys a soccer ball and air pump for children in refugee camps $86 Can buy a bicycle for help travelling in remote areas $100 The price of 740 doses of measles vaccine $257 Provides an emergency classroom kit for 40 kids (Kit includes radio, pencils, paper, blackboard, & more) $480 Supplies 20 emergency first aid kits $500 Buys a water pump for a whole community $600 Can buy enough life saving peanut paste for 400 under-fed kids for 1 day $1,240 Purchases a tent for a makeshift school or health center $1,994 Provides midwifery kit to help 50 moms deliver healthy babies under safe conditions $4,415 Supplies enough basic family water kits for 315 families $30,705 Buys an ambulance or minivan More supplies & prices can be found at the UNICEF site or on the Civitas resources page. ( Step 2: Decide on your funding mechanism In the past, students have devised a number of ways to fund their programs: asking for donations from wealthy countries, requesting a fee (*see bit about taxes below) be placed on international airline flights, organizing a benefit concert, and (perhaps the most popular) raising UN dues. While it may be difficult, try to actually crunch the numbers and see if your method of funding will actually come close to paying for their program. **Reminder, the UN cannot raise taxes. It doesn t collect any taxes and is a voluntary organization. But it can request taxes from countries or on certain items to help pay for things. Many times, businesses/countries will donate because they know it benefits them in the long run. This packet (beginning on page 17) has information about UN Dues. The UN budget generated by dues is roughly 5.6 billion, (or 2.8 billion per year) so keep that in mind when funding your programs by raising dues. For example: Raising dues for the 10 nations that pay the highest amount of dues would create about: 0.1%= $1,928, %= $9,641,787 1%= $19,283,574 5%= $96,417,870 10%= $192,835,741 The countries affected would be Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and USA. If you raised dues on the 10 wealthiest nations (by GNI per capita) it would look more like this: 0.1%= $167, %= $835,942 1%= $1,671,844 5%= $835,942 10%= $16,718,849 The countries affected would be Australia, Denmark, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Norway, Qatar, San Marino, Sweden and Switzerland. Although raising dues for the 10 richest nations sounds pretty straight forward, as you can see from the example above, you need to be specific. Those are two very different sets of countries and two very different amounts. 6

7 BASIC INDICATORS for the 25 Richest Countries in the World Country GDP per capita (nominal, in US $) Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 births) Total population (thousands) Total adult literacy rate (%) Life Expectancy (in years) estimate Monaco $187, % 90 Liechtenstein $157, % 82 Luxembourg $116, % 80 Qatar $97, ,421 97% 78 Norway $97, , % 82 Switzerland $85, ,306 99% 82 Australia $62, ,974 99% 82 Denmark $61, ,699 99% 79 Sweden $68, ,845 99% 82 San Marino $58, % 83 Singapore $55, ,535 96% 84 United States $54, ,673 99% 80 Ireland $53, ,635 99% 81 Netherlands $52, ,984 99% 81 Iceland $52, % 81 Austria $51, ,663 98% 80 Canada $50, ,986 99% 82 Finland $49, , % 80 Germany $47, ,292 99% 80 Belgium $47, ,292 99% 80 United Kingdom $46, ,572 99% 80 Andorra $45, % 83 New Zealand $44, ,653 99% 81 United Arab Emirates $43, ,267 90% 77 Kuwait $43, ,184 93% 78 WORLD $10, ,256,490 86% 69 *GDP nominal data taken from UN statistics at 7

8 BASIC INDICATORS for the 25 Poorest Countries in the World Country GDP per capita (nominal, in US $) Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 births) Total population (thousands) Total adult literacy rate (%) Life Expectancy (in years) Somalia $ ,079 38% 55 Burundi $ ,115 19% 58 Malawi $ ,833 66% 58 Central African Republic $ ,998 37% 53 Niger $ ,715 19% 62 Gambia $ ,882 56% 61 Madagascar $ ,434 65% 66 Dem. Republic of the Congo $ ,310 77% 60 Liberia $ ,077 48% 61 Guinea $ ,947 30% 59 Ethiopia $ ,206 49% 65 Mozambique $ ,424 59% 56 Togo $ ,143 67% 60 Afghanistan $ ,657 38% 59 Guinea-Bissau $ ,548 60% 59 Nepal $ ,432 65% 69 North Korea $ , % 63 Rwanda $ ,553 71% 66 Mali $ ,341 39% 58 Burkina Faso $ ,034 36% 60 Uganda $ ,861 74% 63 Eritrea $ ,352 74% 65 Sierra Leone $ ,076 48% 50 Haiti $ ,078 61% 64 Comoros $ % 64 WORLD $10, ,256,490 86% 69 *GDP nominal data taken from UN statistics at 8

9 According to the UN Charter, the UN has four purposes: to maintain international peace & security to develop friendly relations among nations to cooperate in solving international problems & in promoting respect for human rights and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations The UN achieves these 4 things by setting goals. The last set of goals were started in the year 2000 and were supposed to last 15 years. These were known as the Millennium Development Goals. Now that the Millennium Goals have expired, the UN has updated them and they are called the Sustainable Development Goals. They are as follows: Do these goals work? Yes and no. Not all of the Millennium goals were achieved and it s highly improbable that the UN can provide things like clean water to everyone who needs it. But it gives the international community a place to start. Page 11 shows the end result of the Millennium goals. We ve included this info to help student delegates think of worthy topics and regions to assist when resolution writing. These issues are what real UN ambassadors are working on right now. 9

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11 Check out these resources on the Civitas website! Country Research UNICEF CIA World Factbook U.S. State Department Fact Sheets BBC News Country Profiles Resolution Research Civitas Information Hub (including previous resolutions) TED Talks Human Rights Watch United Nations TV Possible Resolution topics Air Pollution HIV/AIDs Global Warming Education Child Abuse Deforestation Clean Drinking Water Unemployment Radical Groups Terrorism Drug Trafficking Genocide Women s Education Child Soldiers Refugees Police Brutality Child Labor Slavery Domestic Violence Natural Disaster Relief Border Security Corrupt Governments Landmines Nuclear Weapons Human Trafficking Orphans Crime Reduction Infant Mortality Healthcare Animal Rights 11

12 1. International news stories that I ve recently heard about: STORY DATE

13 FACT SHEET: 30 June 2016 In January 2011, the title of this document was renamed from "UN Peacekeeping Operations Background Note" to "UN Peacekeeping Operations Fact Sheet" Peacekeeping operations since Current peacekeeping operations. 16 PERSONNEL Uniformed personnel.. 101,280 (86,481 troops, 13,059 police and 1,740 military observers) Countries contributing uniformed personnel. 123 International civilian personnel (as of 31 July 2015) 5,256 Local civilian personnel (as of 31 July 2015)... 11,215 UN Volunteers. 1,772 Total number of personnel serving in 16 peacekeeping operations 119,523 Total number of fatalities in all UN peace operations since ,497 * FINANCIAL ASPECTS (US$) Approved budgets for the period About 8.27 billion from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016 Outstanding contributions to peacekeeping (as of 30 June 2015) About 1.6 billion *Includes fatalities for all UN peacekeeping operations, as well as political and peacebuilding missions.

14 *NOTE: UNTSO and UNMOGIP are funded from the United Nations regular biennial budget. Costs to the United Nations of the other current operations are financed from their own separate accounts on the basis of legally binding assessments on all Member States. For these missions, budget figures are for one year (07/15--06/16) unless otherwise specified. For information on United Nations political missions, see DPI/2166/Rev.154 also available on the web at **Includes requirements for the UN Support Office for the AU Mission in Somalia (UNSOA), the support account for peacekeeping operations and the UN Logistics Base in Brindisi (Italy) [A/C.5/69/24]. Prepared by the Peace and Security Section of the United Nations Department of Public Information, in consultation with the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Field Support and Department of Management DPI/1634/Rev.182 July 2016 CURRENT PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS Military International Local UN Total Mission Established Troops Police Fatalities Observers Civilans Civilians Volunteers Personnel UNTSO May UNMOGIP January UNFICYP March , UNDOF June UNIFIL March , , MINURSO April UNMIK June UNMIL September , , UNOCI April , , MINUSTAH June , , , UNAMID July , , , , MONUSCO July , , , , UNISFA June , , UNMISS July , , , , MINUSMA March , , , MINUSCA April , , , Total: 86,481 1,740 13,059 5,256 11,215 1, ,523 1,720 51,706,200 53,190,000 40,031,000 Budget (US$) 74,291,900 ( ) * 19,647,100 ( ) * 52,538, ,346, ,712, ,794, ,355,700 1,102,164,700 1,332,178, ,256,700 1,085,769, ,305, ,066,800 About $8.27 billion** UNTSO - UN Truce Supervision Organization UNOCI - United Nations Operation in Côte d'ivoire UNMOGIP - UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan MINUSTAH - United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti UNFICYP - UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNAMID - African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur UNDOF - UN Disengagement Observer Force MONUSCO - United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo UNIFIL - UN Interim Force in Lebanon UNISFA - United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei MINURSO - UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara UNMISS - United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan UNMIK - UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo UNMIL - United Nations Mission in Liberia MINUSMA - United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali MINUSCA - United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic

15 INTRO TO MIDDLE SCHOOL U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION Your field trip will simulate a United Nations General Assembly session. Your session is on. 1. Bring a pencil/pen, your research, a country placard or sign. Make sure your placard is easy to read from a distance! (Also spell your country s name correctly!) 2. Vote and talk from the perspective of your country. The country you will represent is:. 3. When a resolution is presented, you may: Ask questions about the resolution. Suggest an amendment that would be better for your country and/or the world community. Make a comment in favor of the resolution, or in opposition to the resolution. 4. If you are presenting your resolution: 1st. Read the operative clauses (solution) to the Assembly. 2nd. Prepare a two minute elevator pitch on why others should care about your issue. 3rd. Explain why your resolution is important for the world. 4th. Take notes while delegates ask questions and propose amendments. 5th. Respond to the questions and amendments. 5. Vote on the resolution! Yes No Abstain: Your country chooses to refrain from voting. An abstention has the effect of a No vote, because a resolution can only pass with a majority of Yes votes. 15

16 Responding to a Resolution during the General Assembly When a fellow delegate is presenting their resolution at the General Assembly session, you will have a chance to raise your placard, get on the speakers list, and express your opinion. There are basically three ways to respond: Make a comment. For example: I support this resolution. I think it s a great idea and here s why. I don t think the resolution really solves the problem because. It needs to be improved. I d like to compliment the authors of this resolution for being creative. I love the way they. Ask a question. For example: How did you come up with your budget for this? Why did you choose to? How did you decide which countries to include in your program? Propose an amendment. For example: I propose we change operative clause to say. I propose we add a clause that says. I propose we delete clause because. Remember: Resolutions don t have to be perfect to get your vote, but they need to be good for the world and they should not negatively affect your country. 16

17 Summary of United Nations Dues How are membership dues calculated? Membership dues (which are also known as assessments) are based primarily on each nation s share of the global economy. Additional criteria are based on a series of variables including the country s GNP, external debt, and per capita incomes. The General Assembly decides what percent each country will pay based on those figures. For 2015, the 35 countries contributing at the minimum rate were assessed $28,237 each. The largest contributor the United States was assessed $621,203,682. That may seem like a lot of money, but keep in mind that membership dues do not pay for all of the United Nations entire yearly budget. As of September 2016, only 119 member states (out of 193) have paid their U.N. member dues in full. (Check out the updated UN Honour Roll at Country % Share of Total Dues Dues Owed 2015 Member Dues Per Capita Dues Paid in 2016? Afghanistan , Yes Albania , Yes Algeria ,868, Yes Andorra , Yes Angola , No Antigua and Barbuda , Yes Argentina ,198, No Armenia , Yes Australia ,562, Yes Austria ,532, No Azerbaijan ,129, Yes The Bahamas , Yes Bahrain ,101, Yes Bangladesh , Yes Barbados , Yes Belarus ,581, Yes Belgium ,180, No Belize , Yes Benin , No Bhutan , Yes Bolivia , Yes Bosnia and Herzegovina , Yes Botswana , No Brazil ,845, No Brunei , Yes Bulgaria ,327, Yes Burkina Faso , Yes Burundi , No Cambodia , Yes Cameroon , Yes Canada ,257, Yes Cape Verde , No Central African Republic , Yes Chad , Yes Chile ,431, Yes China ,361, Yes Colombia ,313, Yes Comoros , No Congo , Yes Costa Rica ,072, No Côte d'ivoire , Yes 17

18 Country % Share of Total Dues Dues Owed 2014 Member Dues Per Capita Dues Paid in 2016? Croatia ,557, No Cuba ,948, No Cyprus ,327, No Czech Republic ,899, Yes Democratic Republic of the Congo , No Denmark ,059, No Djibouti , No Dominica , No Dominican Republic ,270, Yes Ecuador ,242, No Egypt ,783, No El Salvador , Yes Equatorial Guinea , No Eritrea , No Estonia ,129, Yes Ethiopia , No Fiji , No Finland ,654, Yes France ,926, Yes Gabon , No The Gambia , No Georgia , Yes Germany ,637, Yes Ghana , No Greece ,014, Yes Grenada , No Guatemala , Yes Guinea , No Guinea-Bissau , No Guyana , No Haiti , Yes Honduras , No Hungary ,510, Yes Iceland , Yes India ,805, Yes Indonesia ,769, Yes Iran ,052, No Iraq ,920, No Ireland ,802, Yes Israel ,181, Yes Italy ,596, Yes Jamaica , No Japan ,886, Yes Jordan , No Kazakhstan ,416, Yes Kenya , Yes Kiribati , No Korea, North , No Korea, South ,303, Yes Kuwait ,708, Yes 18

19 % Share of Total Dues Dues Owed 2014 Member Dues Per Capita Dues Paid in 2016? Country Kyrgyzstan , Yes Laos , Yes Latvia ,327, Yes Lebanon ,185, No Lesotho , Yes Liberia , Yes Libya ,009, No Liechtenstein , Yes Lithuania ,061, No Luxembourg ,287, Yes Macedonia , No Madagascar , No Malawi , No Malaysia ,934, No Maldives , Yes Mali , Yes Malta , Yes Marshall Islands , Yes Mauritania , No Mauritius , Yes Mexico ,011, No Micronesia , Yes Moldova , Yes Monaco , Yes Mongolia , No Montenegro , Yes Morocco ,750, Yes Mozambique , Yes Myanmar , Yes Namibia , Yes Nauru , No Nepal , Yes The Netherlands ,703, Yes New Zealand ,143, Yes Nicaragua , Yes Niger , Yes Nigeria ,541, No Norway ,029, Yes Oman ,880, No Pakistan ,400, No Palau , No Panama , No Papua New Guinea , No Paraguay , No Peru ,303, Yes Philippines ,348, Yes Poland ,005, No Portugal ,384, Yes Qatar ,901, Yes Romania ,381, No Russian Federation ,840, Yes 19

20 Country % Share of Total Dues Dues Owed 2014 Member Dues Per Capita Dues Paid in 2016? Rwanda , Yes Saint Kitts and Nevis , Yes Saint Lucia , Yes Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , No Samoa , Yes San Marino , Yes São Tomé and Príncipe , No Saudi Arabia ,396, No Senegal , Yes Serbia ,129, Yes Seychelles , Yes Sierra Leone , Yes Singapore ,842, Yes Slovakia ,828, Yes Slovenia ,823, Yes Solomon Islands , Yes Somalia , No South Africa ,503, Yes South Sudan , Yes Spain ,947, Yes Sri Lanka , Yes Sudan , No Suriname , No Swaziland , No Sweden ,107, Yes Switzerland ,563, Yes Syrian Arab Republic ,016, No Tajikistan , No Tanzania , No Thailand ,748, No Timor-Leste , Yes Togo , No Tonga , Yes Trinidad and Tobago ,242, No Tunisia ,016, No Turkey ,498, Yes Turkmenistan , Yes Tuvalu , Yes Uganda , Yes Ukraine ,795, Yes United Arab Emirates ,800, Yes United Kingdom ,236, Yes United States of America ,203, No Uruguay ,468, Yes Uzbekistan , Yes Vanuatu , No Venezuela ,704, No Vietnam ,185, No Yemen , No Zambia , No Zimbabwe , Yes Total $2,823,653,

21 Like Model United Nations? Check out these other great programs from Civitas! Model United Nations Represent a country at a U.N. General Assembly. Do some research, write a resolution, and work with delegates from other schools to solve world problems. Issues Roundtables Get together with students from other schools to talk about a wide range of issues. At each roundtable we cover something different like immigration, poverty in America, human trafficking, environmental issues, campaign finance reform, gender politics, what s going on in St. Louis, and more! You don t need to prep or do any homework, just show up and talk about your ideas. Guest Speakers Civitas brings a wide variety of experts politicians, nonprofits, professors, lawyers, activists, journalists, and others to speak to students. These talks aren t boring and one sided either. You re encouraged to ask questions and interact with professionals that students normally don t have access to. Documentary/Pizza Nights Watch movies, learn about issues, and talk about your thoughts afterwards with Civitas. We host movie nights where students can come together and watch contemporary films on important issues. (There s also pizza!) Active Citizenship Program Get an in-depth look at political issues inside the United States. These are issues that all soonto-be voters should care about like the effect of money in politics, how to increase voter turnout, elevating the political discussion, and government transparency. With fun activities and engaging guest speakers, you ll be ready for the next election! Pulitzer Center for Crisis Reporting The Pulitzer Center finds unreported and under reported international issues and brings them to local classrooms. With journalists covering news like population issues in India, money laundering and corruption in Luxembourg, illegal gold mining in Peru, child brides in Nepal and other gripping stories, there s always something new to learn about. Best of all, students get a chance to interact with the reporters for a unique hands on experience. Urban Go-Team Explore St. Louis in a week full of adventure, field trips, and learning. Each summer, Civitas picks 15 students to go in-depth on a local issue. Past Go-Teams have included Law & Disorder (where students attended mini-police academy, sat in court, spoke to activists, and studied the legal system in St. Louis) and Adventures in Elections (where students got to tour the St. Louis Election Board, conduct street polling, speak with state representatives, and learned about the local political process). Each Go-Team is different, but they re all fun and educational. Everything listed here is free for high school students! Check out for more info! 21