Social Integration of elderly migrants in their neighbourhood

Transcription

1 Social Integration of elderly migrants in their neighbourhood International Course in Social Work: Migration in Europe - Challenges for Social Work Milena Gehrig, ZHAW Social Work Andreas Rayman, Pro Senectute Zurich Zürcher Fachhochschule

2 Agenda Research on elderly migrants Presentation of the project Vicino Research part: - Secondary statistical analysis - Qualitative Interviews Intervention part: - Experiences of Pro Senectute in interventions for elder migrants - Interventions within the project Vicino - Previous findings and lessons learned Discussion (future workshop)

3 Research on elderly migrants Research focus since the 1990ies Research on social integration into the neigbourhood is scarce Heterogenity of elderly migrants Higher risk of poverty and poorer health than elderly Swiss As people age social inclusion into the neighbourhood and social support becomes increasingly important (Oblermann, 2012b) Participative approaches to considerate networking needs of elderly migrants in their neighbourhood (Hungerbühler, 2012)

4 The project «Vicino» A research and development project in cooperation between Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Social Work and Pro Senectute Zurich and Aargau Objectives: To understand the living situation of elderly migrants in their neighbourhood and their networking needs To find out what participation methods are effective to enhance the social inclusion Develop guidelines for participative integration of elderly migrants in their neighbourhood Promote the cooperation between science and praxis

5 The project «Vicino» Research question How are elderly migrants socially included into their neighbourhood? What kind of transnational networks exist? What is the impact of commuting between country of origin and host country on the integration? Concerning networks what is the difference between rural areas, urban areas and agglomeration? How can existing social networks of migrants in the neighbourhood be enhanced and expanded? Which participative approaches can be used to involve elderly migrants in the development of new services?

6 The project «Vicino» Methodological approach Research - Secondary statistical analysis - Qualitative Interviews with migrants (60+) Intervention - One intervention per area based on the research findings and experiences of Pro Senectute Development and transfer - Development of a guideline for participation and networking for persons with respective planning responsibility - Workshops with persons with planning responsibility and elderly migrants in the role of facilitators

7 Secondary statistical analysis Analysis of percentage of Migrants in Switzerland and the Cantos of Zurich and Aargau Analysis of percentage of elderly Migrants in different types of communities (urban, rural, agglomeration) Chose of three communities - Canton Aargau and Zurich (cooperation partners) - different type of communities - high percentage of elderly migrants

8 Secondary statistical analysis 40% 35% 36.9% 36.6% 35.1% 30% 25% 20% 23.1% 22.0% 23.2% 22.5% 22.0% 20.9% 15% 10% 11.3% 10.5% 10.4% 5% 0% Alle AusländerInnen Ganze Schweiz Kanton Zürich Kanton Aargau Percentage of persons at the age of 50+ and 60+ (BFS, 2012)

9 Secondary statistical analysis 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 53.3% 55.4% 53.0% 55.1% 51.7% 53.4% 44.4% 46.5% 44.1% 43.5% 45.8% 44.2% Frauenanteil 50+ Frauenanteil 60+ Frauenanteil 50+ Frauenanteil 60+ Alle Alle Ausländerinnen Ausländerinnen Ganze Schweiz Kanton Zürich Kanton Aargau Percentage of women at the age of 50+ and 60+ (BFS, 2012)

10 Secondary statistical analysis Zürich Uster Horgen Opfikon Bülach Volketswil Küsnacht (ZH) Affoltern am Albis Meilen Wald (ZH) Dietlikon Andere Agglomerationsgemeinde Ländliche Gemeinde Kernstadt einer Agglomeration

11 Secondary statistical analysis Wettingen Baden Neuenhof Rheinfelden Obersiggenthal Suhr Reinach Birr Möhlin Windisch Andere Agglomerationsgemeinde Ländliche Gemeinde Kernstadt einer Agglomeration

12 secondary statistical analysis Nationality Number of persons 60+ Switzerland 5451 Italy 454 Germany 131 Serbia 102 Spain 71 Austria 70 Croatia 55 Turkey 48 Bosnia-Herzegovina 44 Greece 29 Number of persons of the 10 biggest national groups in Zurich Altsetten 2012 (BFS, 2013)

13 secondary statistical analysis Nationality Number of persons 60+ Switzerland 6098 Italy 374 Germany 175 Austria 79 Turkey 52 Spain 42 Serbia 39 Kosovo 17 Greece 15 Netherlands 15 Number of persons of the 10 biggest national groups in Uster, 2012 (BFS, 2013)

14 secondary statistical analysis Nationality Number of Persons 60+ Switzerland 1584 Italy 91 Germany 50 Serbia 35 Kosovo 24 Macedonia 17 Turkey 17 Bosnia-Herzegovina 9 Croatia 9 Austria 5 Number of persons of the 10 biggest national groups in Reinach, 2012 (BFS, 2013)

15 Interviews 26 Interviews: Reinach (9), Uster (8), Zürich-Altstetten (9) 11 male, 14 female, 1 couple Nationality: - Italy: 8 - Spain: 5 - Germany: 4, Austria: 2 - Turkey: 2 - Kosovo: 2 - Bosnia: 1, Serbia:1, Croatia: 1 Year of migration: - 24 persons between 1960 and persons between 1991 and 1993 (Yugoslavian war)

16 Interviews: key findings Housing situation Low income and dependence on cheap housing Importance of support from housing associations and caretaker Importance of proximity to children and family support

17 Interviews: key findings Family related Nationality related regardless of nationality Marginalisation familiy centred Family centred & organised nationality related networks Family centred & informell nationality related networks Mixed networks Networks without nationality relation (work, interests, activities, mixed marriage) Marginalisation

18 Interviews: key findings Nationality and language related networks Church related networks Cultural networks Work related networks Networks founded in times of war Informal networks Strong family relation (above all women caring for their grandchildren) Facebook and Skype

19 Interviews: key findings Networks without nationality relation Activity and interest related networks Mixed marriage Work related networks

20 Interviews: key findings Intense transnational contacts Family or friends in the country of origin Houses or apartments in the country of origin Identification with the country of origin Few or no contact to the country of origin Care of grandchildren (women) No contacts to people in the country of origin Strong identification with Switzerland Property in Switzerland (house, apartment) Medical treatment in Switzerland Social support and pension in Switzerland and financial difficulties in the country of origin

21 Interviews: key findings Future Less commute between Switzerland and the country of origin in future Future in Switzerland because of children and grandchildren Ambivalence concerning the feeling of belonging «here we are Italians and in Italy we are Swiss» «I don t want my bones to be buried here here my son at least can light a candle at my grave» «we left our parents and when we return we will leave our children»

22 Interviews: key findings Previous experience as a migrant in Switzerland Poor language skills Experience of discrimination and rejection Support through colleagues and employer Assimilation and adjustments and thus disappointment concerning the bad financial situation (Italy, Spain, Croatia) badly integrated (Serbia, Bosnia, Kosovo) Feeling of disturbing others (Kosovo)

23 Interviews: key findings Expectations Lack of meeting places for formal and informal meetings Lack of information Accompaniment or care through persons speaking the same language Financial insecurity and fear of high costs of care Ambivalence of expectation of support from children and knowing that they don t have time Future challenges Cultural different understanding of being retired Isolated people are hard to reach Migrants have to be addressed as heterogeneous group

24 Project Vicino: Intervention Previous experiences of Pro Senectute Zurich in organising and carrying out events for elderly migrants

25 Project Vicino: Intervention Altstetten: future workshop for Spanish speaking migrants, June 2014 Planning - Meeting with facilitators - Invitation through the Spanish consulate (90 addresses) Findings of the future workshop - Main subject: Contact centre for Spanish people - Other subjects: Information about support options, interpreter and Spanish speaking nursing stuff Experiences - If there are already fix ideas a future workshop is not a suitable approach - Personal invitation and better timing

26 Project Vicino: Intervention Reinach: Information session for Italian speaking Migrants, October 2014 Planning - Meeting with facilitator - Invitation through facilitator and priest Information session - Presentation of Pro Senectue, Spitex and elderly residence - Information about social security system in Switzerland Experiences - Successful event due to knowledge and moderation skills of the facilitator - Well attended event thanks to personal invitation of the facilitator and the priest

27 Project Vicino: Intervention Uster: Information for elderly people with Italian as a guest nation March 2015 Planning - Meeting with representative of the city of Uster - Meeting with facilitators to present the idea, discuss possible contribution, to appoint a representative Experiences - Facilitators are already involved in other activities - New facilitators should be involved

28 Previous findings and lessions learned A main challenge is to get access to elderly migrants Migrants are heterogeneous and have to be addressed as such Facilitators play a key role in planning, promoting and carrying out an event Major points of discussion should be explored in advance It has to be discussed with facilitators if the time of the event is suitable Personal invitations are more effective than impersonal letters Facilitators should be informed about the system and have skills to moderate a discussion

29 Discussion How can isolated migrants or migrants related on family and informal networks be reached? How can elderly migrants be motivated to participate? What are possible solution to fulfil the migrants requirements for meeting places?

30 Literature Hungerbühler, Hildegard. (2012). Ältere Migrantinnen und Migranten ind er Schweiz: Vielfältige Bigografien vielfältiges Alteren. Soziale Sicherheit (4), Oblermann, Elke. (2012). Gesundheitliche Situation und soziale Netzwerke älterer MigrantInnen. In Heinrich Böll Stiftung (Hrsg.). Altern in der Migrationsgesellschaft. Dossier (S ). Berlin: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. Zeman, Peter (2012). Ältere Migrantinnen und Migranten in der Alternhilfe und kommunalen Alternspolitik. In Helen Baykara-Krumme, Andeas Motel-Klingebiel & Peter Schimany (Hrsg.), Viele Welten des Alterns. Ältere Migranten im alternden Deutschland (S ). Wiesbaden: Springer VS Verlag