Refugee Problems and Freedom Movements: (A Case Study of Kashmir)

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1 Australian Journal of Basic a Applied Sciences, 3(4): , 2009 ISSN Refugee Problems a Freedom Movements: (A Case Study of Kashmir) Dr. Amir Ahmed Khuhro, Dr.Noor Shah Bukhari a Dr.Taj Muhammad Lashari 1 Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sih, Pakistan. 2 Professor, Department of Public Administrations, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sih, Pakistan. 3 Professor, Department of Media Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sih, Pakistan. Abstract: The Kashmir problem is e core issue between Pakistan a Iia. Bo countries had fought ree wars on is issue. In is research article an attempt has been made to focus on e centrality of e problem, causes of e militancy among e Kashmiri freedom fighters a to highlight e various problems, which ey confronted. Key words: INTRODUCTION Since e Iepeence of Pakistan, many peoples came in influx from Jammu a Kashmir first time in e , especially during e first war fought between Iia a Pakistan.The 2 time Kashmiri came to Azad Kashmir a Pakistan during 2 war fought between Iia a Pakistan in e year The ird rd wave of Kashmiri from Iian occupied Kashmir came during e 3 war fought between e Iian a Pakistan in e year 1971 a e last time Kashmiri came into bulks during e period of a at wave is still continuing a refugees are still coming from occupied valley. Settlement of Refugees in Pakistan a Iia: Those Kashmiri who came during clashes between Iia a Pakistan during 1948 e number was between 13 to 14 lacs a ose Kashmiri were settled in e following regions of Pakistan. District Sialkot District Jhelum District Gujranwala District Gujrat District Rawalpii District Attock District Lahore Districts of Karachi. (Mirza 1998) The Kashmiri who came from occupied Kashmir, which abut 13 to 14 lacs, out of ese 2 to 3 lacs Kashmiri came from e Kashmir valley a all e rest came from e Jammu Area.(Mirza 1998a) Government of Pakistan while settling Kashmiri in Pakistan, ey allotted e la for cultivation, ey were allotted 12 acors to each Kashmiri family in Nahri areas a about 18 acors in Barani areas. (Mirza 1998b) On oer ha due to e favor at Kashmiri Muslims will kill Hiu Paits, ey also migrated uer e protection of government of Iia so, after 23 January 1948 about 43,000 ousa Hiu Paits migrated from Kashmir Valley to Srinagar a about 50,000 Hiu Paits have poured into e city of Jammu from Muslims majority areas like Poonch, Mirpur etc. (Shamim 1998) Some 8000 Hius who also gone uer e govt. protection ey were also settled in refugee camps of New Delhi. (Kashmir) Correspoing Auor: Dr. Amir Ahmed Khuhro, Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sih, Pakistan. amir.khuhro@salu.edu.pk, amirkhuhro2002@yahoo.com & amirkhuhro@hotmail.com 4724

2 The figures of Hiu Paits during e year 1948 in various camps were: 1. Jammu 43, East Punjab 05, Chakrata 01, Kashmir Province 10, U.P. 07, Oer parts of Iia 05,000 (Kashmir a) These Paits were given official protection a ey are given all ki of facilities. During e 2 war between Iia a Pakistan which was fought in e year 1965, Hiu Paits remain in Kashmir but Muslims of Kashmir once again migrated from valley to Azad Kashmir a oer part of Pakistan is time ey were about e 3 lac peoples ey belongs from Poonch, Rajaori a Sooran Kot, ey were also settled rd in e same way here. (Shawl 1998) The contingent of immigrants came during e 3 war which was held in 1971, a during is war at about 2 lack Kashmiri came in Azad Kashmir a Pakistan a ey were also settled here. This time ey came form Rajaori a Poonch areas. (Shawl 1998a) This time during all e Kashmiri came form e bordering areas of Kashmir or from e areas of Line of Control (LOC). During e Kashmiri movements for e right of self determination which was started in e year , in is wave about 26,000 peoples migrated a ey were settled in e different parts of e Azad Kashmir a in Pakistan by e government of Pakistan.(Shawl 1998b) During e wars of 1965 a 1971 which were held between Iia a Pakistan non of Hiu family migrated form occupied Kashmir to oer parts of Iia but is time government of Iia force fully migrates e Hiu families from Kashmir to different parts of Iia, it is because to make soft target to Kashmiri Muslims a anoer trick of government of Iia was at where e government of Iia wants to settle Hiu families ey wants to won e election seat is was e idea of Jay Mahajan.(Shawl 1998c) This time Hiu families were taken a ey were settled at e places which Iian government says at ese are e safer places for Hiu families a ose Hius were settled in areas of Jammu, Delhi, Simla,Dezali, Bombay ludhiana a Paan Kot areas.(shawl 1998d) Settlement of Refugees Abroad: Out of e total population of Kashmir which is 12 millions a from is population about 0.4 million Kashmiri peoples who were also force to leave eir homes ey settled out side e country of Iia a Pakistan. (Malik) All ese reshuffling took place when Kashmir Muslims dema eir right of self determination form Iian government which is ere bir right which is given by e United Nation s to e peoples of Kashmir since At present about 2 lac Kashmiri Muslims who had fled eir homes a ey are settled in e different parts of e world, ey are settled in United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, United States of America, New Zeala, Brazil, Pola, France, Germany a Geneva.(Shawl 1998e) They also fled eir homes because of e same reasons of danger of life a insecurity of honor. So due to ese reason ey also fled ere homes, because, article 4 of Human Rights of American convention in 1969 says, every person, has e rights to have his life respected. (Human Rights) An account e killings in valley a all in human ings which are being done by Iian troops it is very much difficult to live in Kashmir Valley. Problems Faced by Refugees in Camps: Being refugee to live in tents it is very difficult to survive in ese camps because ere is too much difference between e life of home a life of camps. Kashmiri who are living in Camps are facing so many difficulties which can be described in ree ways. Self respect Economic Problems Social Problems. a. Self Respect: According of e article 4 of American Convention in 1969, every person has right to his life respected. (Shawl 1998f) Some people also believe at Kashmiri people came here for specially two reasons: 4725

3 (1) Insecurity of life (2) Insecurity of honor But, in camps ey only got e security of life not e security of honor because here in Azad Kashmir a Pakistan ey are treated as 2 class citizen ough ey have need of proper attention. (Shawl 1998g) b. Economic Problem: This is also e major problem which Kashmiri are facing in camps, e peoples who are living in e camps ey nave not proper food facilities, no medical aid, ey are living in worst coitions in e camps ough Azad Kashmir government a Pakistan Govt. is trying eir best level to give em all ki of help which ey can, but it is not up to e mark which should be given to e Kashmiri refugees. (Shawl 1998h) c) Social Problem: Pakistani government a Azad Kashmir governments are trying to solve e social problem of Kashmir refugees, ough ese solutions are not up to e mark but to some extent government is trying to give em maximum facilities in ese camps. Governments are opening schools for Kashmiri refugees schools, Colleges, Sewing centers have also opened for Kashmiri woman rough at ey can earn eir money a ey can sta on eir own feet but still ey are not up to e mark. (Human Rights a) Here in Azad Kashmir a Pakistan ey are free to go here a ere, ough Iian troops not allow em to go to nearest villages wi out prior permission, so ere social life was banned in held valley. Kashmiri Refugees in e Militncy: It is said in Persian at Tang Aayad Jang Aayad, which means if a person is irritated by some one at different time, en he/she will have to start fighting. The same problem is also wi Kashmiri peoples, because civil war has been waged on e Kashmiri people very unwillingly, especially since e partition of Iia against eir will, Kashmiri people being e innocent persons ey are not in favor of e War, but ey are fighting against e atrocities by e Iian troops. The cause of e militancy was started in e year , e reason was at, after e year 1983 when e elections held in valley, some political parties blamed e governing party for rigging in e poles due to which in e year 1986 governor rule was imposed in valley a Dr. Jag Mohan was appointed as governor of Kashmir, e reference to alleged rigging in intimidation by e opposition Muslim United Front (MUF) caidate in e very next election held in e year 1987, in which, e whole opposition appears to be aimed to show how e development of ese 3-4 years created grous for e development a building up of e legitimate insurgency (Human Rights b). One of e striking features of e insurgency in Kashmir is e involvement of very large number of militant organizations in e valley. Some of em are small groups. All may be divided into two groups; one group is supporting an iepeent Kashmir a oer group supporting accession to Pakistan. The leading organization which is supporting e iepeent Kashmir is named as Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF). Oer organizations which support e accession to Pakistan are names as, Mahaz-e-Azadi a e Kashmir Mujahideen Liberation front. The leading organization is Hizbul Mujahideen a some oers formally active are Islamic Jamiat Tulba, Muslim students Federation, Hezbe-Ullah, Hezb-e-Islami, Allah Tiger Force, ZIA Tiger Force, Islamic Students League a e Jammu a Kashmir People League.(Human Rights c) People believed at Kashmiri are fighting for eir Rights of Self determination a Civil Rights which are snatched by Iian troops in occupied valley since Have we ought at why Kashmiri peoples had become e Militants? In response of e atrocities of Iian occupied troops in Kashmir, ey turned to became militants. Kashmiri are fighting against Iian army. If we look e term every action has an equal a opposite reaction in e same way we may say at ey (Kashmiri) are respoing to Iian troops, what Iian occupied army is doing in Valley. It can be argued at, Since Kashmiri militant fighters had exteed eir area a ey are fighting against e tortures, killings, burning ere property, tension of arrest, gang raps, extra judicial killings (Shawl 1998i). Through United Nations have already given e right of self determination a allowed for e plebiscite in Jammu & Kashmir, but Iia is still denying to give em right of self determination, which is clearly e violation of Human Rights in Kashmir. It is said at since Iian troops laed in Srinagar on October 27, 1947, ree generations of Kashmiri has been martyred so far a is is e four generation which is struggling to get eir rights for Jammu 4726

4 st a Kashmir from Iian Government during 21 century. All e Militant groups in Kashmir posed opposition of e Iian rule in e Valley, it is only because of deployment of huge contingents of e Iian army eir a eir atrocities in e shape of killing, torturing, looting, sets on fire against innocent kashmiri, in Iian occupied Kashmir. Iia blame at ese militants who are fighting for self determination in held Kashmir are e result of propagaa by Pakistan because ey are getting logistics as well as training from Pakistan, which Pakistan always deny at Kashmir s are trained by Pakistan. If we look into e main reason of militancy in Kashmir, it is only one a at is, Iia s refusal to allow plebiscite a its policy of chipping away at e autonomy given to e Jammu a Kashmir by e article 370 of e constitution led to increasing resentment in Kashmir (Human Rights d). Iia blames Pakistan for supplying arms to e Militant groups in Kashmir, which Pakistan always denies. They are getting weapons from open Market not from Pakistan, because weapons are easily available in open Market so ey get form ere. (Shawl 1998j) It is said at when a person is too weak to check a evil, he must coemn it, so in e case wi Kashmiri peoples who have left eir homes a crossed LOC due to e atrocities madly Iian troops, ey coemn e high hainess a atrocities of ose so called peace keeping forces. Occasionally Kashmiri gave shelter to ose militants in eir camps but ey are not involved directly in e militancy (Amman 1998). Actually, e militancy is not e synonymous of terrorism, but it is a revolt of rebel against government, in order to achieve e fuamental a national rights, but Iian rough media changed e sense/spirit of e struggle of Kashmir fighters a ey have introduced em as terrorists a sabotagers. On e oer ha some people are of e opinion at except few, all ose who are involved in civil war are Pakistani, ey don t have any love for Kashmir, but ey have vested interests which ey want to get by using Kashmir card, for instance some religious organizations se younger to fight in Kashmir, rough which ey get two advantages. Firstly financial support from Muslims world a Secoly, a cheap publicity at local as well as at International level. A part from it, young form poverty torn families often got to eier e religious organization or e militant groups to fight for finance support to eir families, ese fighters are not militants but mercenaries. So it can be argued at e Kashmiri refugees are not directly involved in e militancy, but ey only pry for eir lines because ey are fighting for e cause of Kashmir truly of oer wise. Conclusion: The Kashmir problem is e core issue between Iia a Pakistan. Since inception of Pakistan e Iian attitude is harsh a based on violence. The human right, violation has been madly Iia. Iian atrocities are e order of e day. The United Nations passed several resolutions for e accommodation of is problem. As for as militancy is concerned, it had various reasons, i-e- political, economic, social, a e religious also. Peoples of Kashmir striving for e right of self-determination a e principal of Political Will, because of e fact ey had denied in e political process. This is a genuine movement launched by e iigenous political parities. But e vested interests had explained e situation. There is need of peace process rough dialogue, not war. The refugees are facing difficulties in eir lives. World community may play important role in e Kashmir problem. REFERENCES Amman Ullah Khan, Chairman JKLF, an interview wi researchers at his Rawal pii camp office on 10 July. Human Rights commission of American Convention. Human Rights in Kashmir, Mission report, Int. Commission of Jurists Geneva, Switzerla. Human Rights in Kashmir (a), Mission report, Int. Commission of Jurists Geneva, Switzerla. Human Rights in Kashmir (b), Mission Report, Int. Commission of Jurists Geneva Switzerla. Human Rights in Kashmir (c), Mission Report, Int. Commission of Jurists Geneva Switzerla. Kashmir speaks. Kashmir speaks (a). Malik, Abdul Rashid, Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Mack Palls. History of Iian occupied Kashmir, Kashmir Liberation Cell Rawalpii / Muzaffarabad. 4727

5 Mirza, M. Aslam, Admin Officer, Ministry of Kashmir Affairs, Islamabad. An interview wi researchers, 5 July. Mirza, M. Aslam, 1998a. Admin Officer, Ministry of Kashmir Affairs, Islamabad. An interview wi researchers 8 July. Mirza. M. Aslam, 1998b. Admin Officer, Ministry of Kashmir Affairs, Islamabad, an interview wi researchers, 5 July. Miss Shamim, Kashmir Council Secretariat, Islamabad, an interview wi researchers, 5 July. Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998a. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998b. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998c. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998d. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998e. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998f. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998g. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998h. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998i. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi Shawl. Prof. Nazir Ahmed, 1998j. Chief Editor Kashmir Press International Islamabad, an interview wi 4728

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