OCHA Regional Office for Central and East Africa Displaced Populations Report July December 2008, ISSUE 4

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1 OCHA Regional Office for Central and East Africa Displaced Populations Report July December 28, ISSUE 4 1 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Summary Findings The total number of Internally Displaced People in the CEA region is 9.1 million in December 28. The total number of refugees stands at 1.8 million. Three out of four IDP are in the Greater Horn of Africa reflecting mainly the combined internal displacement from the crises in Sudan/Darfur and Somalia., Tanzania and Kenya host the highest number of refugees in the region. 293, CHAD and 3% TOTAL IDPs Great lakes 25% 2,313,969 6,515,63 Greater Horn 72% TOTAL REFUGEES Great lakes 4% 72,143, and Cameroon 24% 418,919 Greater Horn 36% 643,357 On 18 December, marking the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the United Nations Emergency Relief Coordinator John Holmes launched a global campaign to raise awareness about the plight of Internally Displaced People (IDPs). The campaign focus in 29 will be on preventing displacement and finding solutions to it. John Holmes highlighted the importance of IDP protection and finding measures to bring an end to the poverty, destitution, abuse and discrimination faced by displaced people. He also stressed the need to focus on disaster risk reduction and preparedness done by governments with the support of the UN. The global campaign will target 4 countries beginning with the Central African Republic in January 29. Internally displaced children at a camp in West Darfur/Sudan. Photo: 28 Fred Noy

2 D ISPLACED POPULATION REPORT OCHA RO-CEA JULY DECEMBER , 4, 3, Change in Refugee figures for Central and East Africa Refugee dynamics are relitively reliable to track due to UNHCR registration process in host countries. Summary trends show a clear decline in Tanzania, and Uganda due to resettlement programmes. Refugee numbers steadily increase in and Cameroon as a knockon effect from conflict, banditry and insecurity in neighboring Darfur and. 2, Jun-7 Dec-7 Jun-8 Dec-8 1, Tanzania Sudan Kenya Uganda Ethiopia Rwanda ROC Cameroon Burundi Gabon Djibouti Eritrea Somalia 5,, 4,, 3,, Change in IDP figures for Central and East Africa Trends in IDP displacement in this region remain complex to monitor. Summary trends show that Sudan has the highest displacement, three fold larger than any other country. Monitoring also reveals a steady decline in IDPs in Uganda due to Government assisted programmes. Inversely a steady increase in Somalia is identified as internal conflict and insecurity intensifies. Jun-7 Dec-7 Jun-8 Dec-8 2,, 1,, Sudan Uganda Somalia Kenya Ethiopia Burundi Eritrea ROC Displacement Displacement in the CEA region is triggered mainly by intra-state conflicts and natural disasters such as floods and drought. Frequently, several of these displacement drivers affect a country or a region at the same time prompting large in-country and cross-border population movements and creating complex humanitarian emergencies. Return Some Internally Displaced People (IDPs) and refugees do return to their place of origin while others find sustainable relocation elsewhere. Return or repatriation can be either spontaneous or assisted depending on the situation on the ground and the availability of services from governments and aid agencies. Scarcity of resources, limited access to land and inconclusive peace and reconciliation processes create multiple challenges to return dynamics across the CEA region. Response Humanitarian response to both acute and long-term displacement is often hampered by lack of access to the affected people due to ongoing conflict and persistent high insecurity including targeting of humanitarian workers and assets. Other current constraints on aid agencies include limited availability of food and high fuel prices that drive up the overall cost of response. Monitoring IDP data in this report are compiled from UN agencies, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, NGOs, the Red Cross family, governments and local authorities. Unlike refugees who enjoy a welldefined international protection framework, IDPs is a government domain. As some governments lack the capacity or incentive to compile data, IDP figures used here tend to be rough estimates obtained from UN agencies. Refugee data are mainly compiled from host governments registrations, OCHA Field Offices and UNHCR Global Reports.

3 IDPs AND REFUGEES IN CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA: December 28 IDPs IN CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA IDPs REFUGEES IN CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA Less than 4, people Qatar 4, - 1.5M Greater than 1.5M No IDPs Eritrea REFUGEES Eritrea Less than 1, people Sudan Sudan Djibouti Somalia Ethiopia Cameroon Uganda Kenya ROC ROC Gabon Burundi Cartography: OCHA ROCEA Creation Date: 29 December 28 Projection/Datum: WGS 1984 Web Resources: Nominal Scale at A4 paper size: 1:42,736,63 Kenya Rwanda Burundi Rwanda Greater than 2, Uganda Gabon Somalia Ethiopia No refugees Cameroon 1, - 2, Djibouti INDIAN OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN kms Tanzania Tanzania Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea Map data source(s): IDPs and Refugees: OCHA, UNHCR Contact: roceainfo@un.org 5,, 4, 6,31, ,7 i i ou t jib ru nd da Countries Bu wa n R a oo n er C am da op i Et hi D RC 7 ROC 3 U ga n 1 Burundi,8 da n Su, a 1 ny a, 8 Ke Kenya Ethiopia Countries 5, 18 an i ,5 4,9 94 1,7 ali a, , ha d 3,3 5 Somalia Uganda 5 ea, ,4 14 C 83 Sudan 31 1, 3, 1,, 5,8 15 m, 1,3 34 2, nz 9,16,7 23 Ta 73 1,3 Total Refugees: 1,764,419 1 So 2,, 3,1 31 AR 3,, 58 itr Number of Refugees Number of IDPs 3, 6,4 31 Er 328,624 C Total IDPs: 9,122,572 4,, D 4,576,25 Disclaimers: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

4 D ISPLACED P OPULATION REPORT OCHA RO-CEA J ULY D ECEMBER 28 4 IDPs and Refugee summary tables Country 1 Planning figure 2 June 28 December 28 Change IDPs Summary in Central and East Africa Displacement Trends No update since OCHA 26 assessment; Sep 28 population census results not yet published. Burundi 1, 3 1, 4 No update 197, 5 18, 6 Decrease by 89, At the beginning of the year the peace process had progressed but has since drifted towards a stalemate following disagreements over the political status and military integration of the Parti pour la Liberation du Peuple Hutu-Forces Nationales de Liberation (Palipehutu- FNL). 45% decrease in IDP figure largely due to OCHA common evaluation with key partners. This figure is a common planning figure for the humanitarian community, however does not include 25, displaced nomads previously reported. In the inclusive political dialogue scheduled for June 28 was postponed to December The political stalemate in June 28 resulted in renewed fighting characterized by increased acts of banditry, incursions of foreign armed groups forcing people to flee their villages on several occasions in 28. In the southeast, attacks by Ugandan Lord s Resistance Army forced some 5, people to flee their homes temporarily. 185, , 9 Decrease by 3 Increase by 123,169 Approximately 8, IDPs have returned to the North West over the last year due to general improvements in the security situation. There have been new displacements over the reporting period. In the security situation remains calm but volatile as a result of on-going rebel activities and inter-community conflicts due to competition for resources, especially in the eastern part of the country. Declining regional security in neighbouring Darfur and has further contributed to instability through secondary displacement. UNHCR is currently leading a joint UN/NGO IDP profiling exercise in 23 IDP sites and host communities in eastern. The goal of the project is to obtain accurate population estimates and characteristics of the IDP population. The security situation in the declined in late August 28 following renewed widespread armed confrontations between government forces and forces loyal to renegade Laurent Nkunda s Congres National pour la Defense du Peuple (CNDP). 1,25, 1 1,373, The main areas affected by forced displacement are South-Lubero, Rutshuru, Masisi, and the Goma area in North Kivu and Kalehe and Minova in South Kivu (aprox 9% of IDPs in Kivus) 12. Other affected areas in include Dungu and Irumu in Province Orientale, where armed attacks by suspected members of the Lord s Resistance Army (LRA), led to the displacement of villagers both internally and externally into Sudan. 1 Countries in the CEA region with no IDPs: Rwanda, Tanzania, Gabon, Eritrea, Cameroon, Djibouti, Sao Tome and Principe and Equatorial Guinea 2 Figures have been rounded to the nearest 1. The mean of the lower and upper limit of the total IDP population was used for conclusions and analysis 3 UNHCR Burundi, Briefing Paper, May 28 4 No update in the mid-year figures.

5 D ISPLACED P OPULATION REPORT OCHA RO-CEA J ULY D ECEMBER 28 5 Country 1 Planning figure 2 June 28 December 28 Change No update IDPs Summary in Central and East Africa Displacement Trends No update in figures. Scale and status of displacement remains unpublished. Ethiopia 2, - 3, 13 2, - 3, The number of IDPs in Ethiopia remains unknown due to the lack of recent verification/assessments of persons affected and displaced by either conflict or natural hazards in the country. The last half of 28 however witnessed increased fighting in the Somali and Oromiya regions, in addition to persons displaced by drought and flooding. Kenya Republic of Congo (RoC) 3,- 6, 14 7,8 18 7,8 Total 389,353 35, 15 protracted IDPs 39, Post-election violence IDPs No Update Increase by 2, The majority of IDPs that resulted from the December 27 elections have moved out of IDP camps. The Kenya Red Cross Society reports that out of the estimated 5, persons displaced at the height of the election violence, only 1,713 IDPs remain in camps and 37,64 in transit sites 17. Prior to the December 27 violence, the protracted IDPs in Kenya were estimated at 35,. These IDPs were a result of several factors, including but not limited to inter-communal conflicts, unresolved land disputes and natural hazards. Government initiated IDP profiling project ongoing to establish overall displacement figures countrywide as no official figures have been published. No update on figures since government estimate in 26. Protracted caseload following civil war in the 199s. Civil War, fighting between the Ethiopian/Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces and ICU insurgents, with militias continuing to gain territory in some of the central regions resulting in massive civilian casualties and displacements. Somalia 1,1, 19 1,3, 2 The humanitarian situation in Somalia has deteriorated over the reporting period, with increased incidents of insecurity since July 28. Of the total IDP population, an estimated 1.1 million persons are displaced within South/Central Somalia and around Mogadishu area. 5 UN OCHA, June 28 6 Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team (HDPT) in, October 28 7 Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team,, Bulletin 88, December 28 8 CNAR/UNHCR Protection and OCHA (Abeche), June 28 9OCHA, Humanitarian Action in : Facts and Figures Snapshot Report, 23 October 28; CAP 29, OCHA, Nov 28 1 OCHA population movements in easter, July 28. This figure has been revised base on new updates, the previous planning figure was base on 27 planning figure provided by UNHCR. 11 OCHA, December UNHCR, Update, 4 December UNHCR 27, planning assumption 14 OCHA Kenya/Kenya Red Cross, May The path to durable solutions in Kenya Report, OCHA Kenya, Oct Kenya Red Cross Society Update, 31 Dec Ibid.

6 D ISPLACED P OPULATION REPORT OCHA RO-CEA J ULY D ECEMBER 28 6 Country 1 Planning figure 2 June 28 December 28 Sudan 5,, 21 4,576,25 22 Change Decrease of 423,75 Uganda 963, , 24 Decreased by 13,2 IDPs Summary in Central and East Africa Displacement Trends Humanitarian Region planning figures Abyei 5, Blue Nile 26,25 Darfur 2,7, Eastern States (Kassala/Port 42, Sudan/Gedarft/Red Sea) Khartoum & Northern States 1,2, (Gezira/Northern Kordofan/ River Nile/ Sennar/ White Nile States) Insecurity and access remain difficult in Darfur as aid workers continue to be targeted. On 12 November the President declared a cease-fire in Darfur, including disarming of the pro-government militia; rebel fighting continued. The President is facing war-crimes indictment by the ICC. Conflict also reported in Abyei (south) region in late 28. The profile of the displaced population in Sudan showed a mixed trend of both new and secondary displacements during the last half of 28. The stable security situation across northern Uganda continues to encourage slow but steady population movements out of the IDP camps and transit centers toward ancestral homes. IDP movement generally caused by the Lord s Resistance Army (LRA) operations in Northern Uganda. In Teso area displacements are largely due to the criminal activities of the Karamajong.. GRAND TOTALS 9,33,12-9,73,12 mean: 9,53,12 9,72,572-9,172,572 mean: Some of the sources for IDP numbers have changed since the last report; therefore direct comparison of overall IDP figures from June to December 28 is not advised. 18 Government of ROC Estimate OCHA Somalia, Sitrep, June 28 2 UNHCR Branch Office for Somalia, December UNHCR Khartoum, UN Sudan Work plan, May Sudan Work plan Previous figure of 1,723, consisted of an estimated 76, persons residing in their villages of origin but still relied on UNHCR assistance hence considered IDPs by UNHCR for planning purposes. Actual IDP population, i.e those in camps and transit sites at mid-28 was therefore 963,2 persons. Current figure: IASC Working Group in Uganda, May UNHCR Uganda Oct 28, reported in OCHA Humanitarian Update, 1-31 Nov 28

7 D ISPLACED P OPULATION REPORT OCHA RO-CEA J ULY D ECEMBER 28 7 Refugee Summary in Central and East Africa Country 25 June 28 December 28 Trends Decrease by 4,43 Burundi 32, , UNHCR estimates 99% of the total refugee population in Burundi to be Congolese. Burundi hosts four refugee camps sheltering more than 17, (6%) refugees, while the rest are scattered in urban areas. UNHCR reports progress in refugee returns, with 68,6 refugees returning to Burundi from Tanzania since June 28. Cameroon 6, , from and are settled in the Eastern and Adamaoua provinces along the border. Increase by 22,639 27% increase largely due to the on-going conflict in the region. 62,919 of the total refugees are 8,53 3 7, Decrease by 534 The refugee influx is largely attributed to the on-going conflict in, Darfur and, with a registered total of 7,43 from the three countries. 312, , urban refugees (5,286). Increase by 16,23 The refugee increase (5%) is due to influx from Darfur and northern. This figure also includes Increase by 263 Djibouti 8, , The reported increase was from Somalis fleeing South/Central Somalia. Refugees are hosted in both camps and urban areas. Decrease by 21,559 Despite increased conflict and insecurity overall refugees decreased by 12% over the last reporting 177, , period; largely due to Ugandan and Rwandan returns. Increase by 294 Eritrea 4, , Increase mainly due to influx in Somalis. Of the total refugees 4,75 (96%) are of Somali origin, while the rest are of Sudanese and Ethiopian origin. Increase by 5,375 Increase due to new arrivals from Sudan and Somalia. Ethiopia 78, ,25 41 Kenya 252, ,11 43 Increase by 6,749 The 2% increase is largely attributed to Somalis fleeing the escalating conflict in their home country; estimates include both urban and camp-based refugees. 81% (252,313) of refugees in Kenya are of Somali origin. Negotiations for the establishment of a third refugee camp to accommodate new arrivals are on-going, however the proposal has been met with resistance by residents. Rwanda 54, , Increase by 381 makes up 52,292 (95%) of the total refugees in Rwanda. Increase by 761 Somalia 1, , Heightened insecurity and limited access in Somalia. Aid workers continue to be targeted. New arrivals from Ethiopia mainly in Somaliland, while the rest are hosted in Puntland. Sudan 226, , Increase by 4,481 At least 8, new Congolese arrived in south Sudan in the last two months, fleeing LRA attacks. Assisted returns programs for refugees are ongoing in south Sudan. 25 Countries in the CEA region with no refugees: Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe

8 D ISPLACED P OPULATION REPORT OCHA RO-CEA J ULY D ECEMBER 28 8 Refugee Summary in Central and East Africa Country 25 June 28 December 28 Trends 394, , Tanzania Decrease by 77,97 Uganda 22, ,4 53 Decrease by 56,31 TOTALS 1,873,568 1,764,419 2% decrease overall due to repatriations to Sudan, and Burundi. 4% (126,434) of refugees are camp based in Kigoma region. 6% (188,53) are protracted Burundian refugees who fled to Tanzania in 1972 and are living in three self-sufficient settlements in Tabora and Rukwa regions. 28% decrease due to returns to Rwanda and Ethiopia. The new figure also includes 3, newly registered arrivals from over the last four months of 28. UNHCR conducted a verification and registration exercise throughout 28, which also included registration of urban refugees for the first time. 26 UNHCR Burundi Factsheet, 3 June UNHCR Burundi Factsheet, 3 November Report of UNHCR to the GA, 63rd session supplement no.12, covering 1 Jan 3 Jun 28. TABLE: Refugees, asylum seekers, IDPs, returnees (refugee and IDP), Stateless persons and others of concern to UNHCR, 3 June 28, Page UNHCR Cameroon, Briefing Note on UNHCR Operations in Cameroon, December 28 3 UNHCR Bangui, June UNHCR Bangui, Fact Sheet, November CNAR/UNHCR Protection; OCHA, 31 May 28 33, CNAR/UNHCR Protection, November UNHCR Djibouti Factsheet, June UNHCR Djibouti, 1 December UNHCR Kinshasa Factsheet, June UNHCR, Kinshasa, Factsheet, December OCHA Eritrea, June UNHCR Asmara, December 28 4 UNHCR Regional Liaison Office `for Africa (RLO), Addis Ababa, Factsheet, 31 May UNHCR, Regional Liaison Office for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Factsheet, 3 November UNHCR Branch Office for Kenya, Factsheet, June UNHCR, Branch Office for Kenya, 3 November UNHCR Kigali Factsheet, June UNHCR, Kigali, Rwanda Factsheet, 3 November UNHCR Branch Office for Somalia, June UNHCR Branch Office for Somalia, December UNHCR Khartoum Factsheet, 31 May UNHCR Khartoum, December 28 5 UNHCR Tanzania Factsheet, 31 May 28, Figure includes the 215, old Burundian caseload living in settlements 51 UNHCR Tanzania Fact Sheet, December OCHA/UNHCR Kampala, May Uganda CAP 29, Nov 28, page 15

9 D ISPLACED POPULATION REPORT OCHA RO-CEA JULY DECEMBER Disclaimer: The information in this document are consolidated from research and workshop findings and are subject to availability of current data. This report does not claim to be exhaustive or fully verified. UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA) REGIONAL OFFICER FOR CENTRAL AND EAST AFRICA OCHA House Gigiri Crescent Off UN Avenue P.O. Box Nairobi, Kenya For further information, please contact: Phone: Fax: / Web site: