Presence of language-learning opportunities abroad and migration to Germany
|
|
- Jordan Nichols
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Presence of language-learning opportunities abroad and migration to Germany Matthias Huber Silke Uebelmesser University of Jena, Germany International Forum on Migration Statistics OECD, Paris, January 218 Funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG, grant number UE 124/2-1) see also
2 Motivation Benets of migrants' prociency in the language of the destination country Labour market outcomes: earnings (Dustmann and Soest 21; Chiswick and Miller 1995) and employment probability (Dustmann and Fabbri 23) increase Social integration: probability of intermarriage increases and the likelihood of living in an ethnic enclave decreases (Bleakley and Chin 21) Language prociency as determinant of migration ows But linguistic distance has been found to have a negative impact due to higher costs of language acquisition (Adsera and Pytlikova 215; Belot and Hatton 212) 2 / 41
3 Language learning and migration decisions Focusing on linguistic distance neglects actual language acquisition despite higher costs. Children-age language learning Decision determined by factors outside the learner's direct control: language skills migration decision Compulsory foreign language learning positively related to migration ows within the EU (Fenoll and Kuehn 216) Adult-age language learning Decision determined by learner's migration (intention): migration decision language learning Migration as determinant of adult-age language learning (Uebelmesser and Weingarten 217) 3 / 41
4 Research Question: What is the eect of the presence of language learning opportunities for adults abroad on migration to Germany? Procedure: Basic panel regressions Robustness checks (especially to address reverse causality concerns) Results in a nutshell: Language learning opportunities (here: Goethe Institutes) are positively correlated with migration to Germany. There is evidence that this is a causal eect from language learning opportunities to migration. 4 / 41
5 Data Goethe-Institut (GI) Map Main actor in promoting German culture and language worldwide. Institutes worldwide oer Language services: courses and standardized exams. Information on the German culture and society: (cultural) events and libraries. Funded by the German government; language services by fees. Annual reports of the GI provide information about institutes. 5 / 41
6 Data From its annual reports, we constructed three datasets. 1. Dataset about the regional distribution of the GI from , the opening and closing years of all institutes and whether they provide language services. 214: 137 institutes in 86 countries (plus 12 in Germany) 2. Dataset about language learning in GI placed in countries all over the world. We report numbers on course registrations ( ), sold course units ( and ) and exam participation ( ). 214: 229,72 registrations and 17,113,4 sold course units, 287,63 exams. 3. Dataset about information on language course participation at GI in Germany ( ). 214: 13,459 European registrations and 2,397 non-european registrations from about 2 countries. In 214, almost 1.5m people migrated to Germany. 6 / 41
7 Data For this study here, we use Dataset 1 about the number of institutes (including openings and closings). Our sample is a balanced panel of 77 countries from In 214, 51 countries had at least one GI with the number of institutes in these countries amounting to ,6 registrations took place. Almost 55, migrants from these countries with a GI came to Germany (and 621, from all countries in our sample). 7 / 41
8 Data Never a GI Figure 1: In some years a GI Always a GI Not in Sample The presence of GI (our sample) 8 / 41
9 Data 6 4 Countries Year Countries with any GI Countries with GI with language services Countries without any GI Figure 2: Number of countries with GI (our sample) 9 / 41
10 Data Institutes Year Total number of institutes Total number of institutes with language services Total number of institutes without language services Figure 3: Number of institutes (our sample) 1 / 41
11 Data Closings Openings Number of language institutes Year Figure 4: Openings and closings All, Language Institutes, Language Institutes (jr), Unbalanced Panel 11 / 41
12 Estimation Strategy Fixed-eects model y jt = α GI jt + β x jt + φ td t + φ j d j + φ j d jt + η jt (1) y jt GI jt x jt d t, d j, d jt log of migration rate (annual migr. inows (Destatis)/ population size of origin country (PWT)) number of (language) institutes vector of control variables: log GDP/capita (PWT), EU, log population (PWT), conicts (UCDP), log bilateral trade ows (Destatis) log migrant stock time, origin-country and origin-country-1-year FE Summary Statistics Balanced panel dataset with 77 countries from Regressions weighted by population size. 12 / 41
13 Results: basic specications DV: log migration rate (1) (2) (3) (4) Number of language institutes.427**.537***.558***.685*** (.175) (.179) (.184) (.184) log GDP per capita -.343*** -.36*** -.154* (.866) (.931) (.792) EU member.454***.441***.443*** (.12) (.123) (.13) log population.68*.537*.38 (.317) (.314) (.289) Conict.62**.525** (.257) (.248) log (Exports+Imports) * (.58) (.435) log (Migrant Stock / Population), lag=1.646*** (.611) Constant -1.98*** -18.5*** *** -7.2 (.91) (5.46) (5.592) (5.112) Observations 3,619 3,619 3,619 3,619 Adjusted R-squared Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Country FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Country*1-year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Countries Years Robust standard errors in parentheses; *** p<.1, ** p<.5, * p<.1. Observations are weighted by population size. 13 / 41
14 Results: robustness checks I - GI institutes DV: log migration rate (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Number of institutes.282** (.124) Number of institutes without language services (.114) Number of language institutes.796***.594***.576** (.198) (.223) (.23) Number of language institutes, lag=1.469**.439* (.214) (.225) Number of language institutes, lag=2.794 (.194) log (Number of GI with language services.299** per 1m inhabitants) (.143) Observations 3,619 3,619 3,542 3,465 3,619 Adjusted R-squared Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Country FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Country*1-year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Other controls included Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Countries Years Robust standard errors in parentheses *** p<.1, ** p<.5, * p<.1; observations are weighted by population size of the origin. 14 / 41
15 Results: robustness checks II interaction eects (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) DV: log migration rate economic geographic linguistic EU conict distance distance distance Language institutes.658***.383**.117*** ***.679*** (.181) (.151) (.357) (.214) (.195) (.182) Language institutes * *** *** ** (.529) (.49) (.343) (.419) (.147) Observations 3,619 3,619 3,619 3,619 3,619 3,619 Adjusted R-squared Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Country*1year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Other controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Countries Years Robust standard errors in parentheses *** p<.1, ** p<.5, * p<.1; observations are weighted by population size of the origin. 15 / 41
16 Possible issues (a) Reverse causality (b) Multi-lateral resistance (MLR) (c) Omitted variable bias 16 / 41
17 (a) Reverse Causality: Switzerland Decision by Federal Foreign Oce and GI to open (and close) institutes. Biased estimation possible: decision potentially not exogenous to migration to Germany. But: decision exogenous to migration ows to Switzerland. Analysis with DV: log migration rate to Switzerland... to assess the relevance of reverse causality to study the language eect vs. information eect of the GI by using variation of languages within Switzerland. Correlation, Rel. Size 17 / 41
18 Reverse Causality: Switzerland (1) (2) (3) DV: log migration rate Germany Switzerland Switzerland (non-german-speak.) (German-speak.) Number of language institutes.35* *** (.167) (.24) (.265) Observations 1,771 1,771 1,771 Adjusted R-squared Year FE Yes Yes Yes Country Fe Yes Yes Yes Country*1-year FE Yes Yes Yes Other controls Yes Yes Yes Countries Years *** p<.1, ** p<.5, * p<.1. Shorter time-period Robust, Conclusion 18 / 41
19 (b) MLR: common correlated eects estimator Migration decisions not only inuenced by the chosen destination country's attractiveness, but also by the attractiveness of other (alternative) destinations. CCE estimator (Pesaran 26) controls for multilateral resistance of migration (Bertoli, Fernandez-Huertas Moraga 213). y jt = α GI jt + β x jt + φ td t + φ j d j + φ j d jt + λ j z t + η jt (2) y jt GI jt x jt d t, d j and d jt log of migration rate number of (language) institutes vector of independent variables time, origin-country and origin-country-1-year FE and the cross-sectional averages of independent and dependent variables weighted with ω jt (population) interacted with country dummies λ j 1 z t = j ω ω jt y jt, ω jt x jt jt j j 19 / 41
20 Robustness checks: CCE estimator DV: log migration rate (1) (2) (3) (4) Number of language institutes.68***.776***.723***.683*** (.121) (.118) (.116) (.116) Observations 3,619 3,619 3,619 3,619 Adjusted R-squared Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Country FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Country*1-year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Other controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Countries Years CCE-test (p-value) Observations are weighted by population size of the origin country; results are estimated with the CCEestimator (Pesaran 26); the CCE-test is a F-test on the joint signicance of the cross-sectional averages of all dependent and independent variables interacted with country dummies. Standard errors in parentheses. 2 / 41
21 (c) Omitted variable bias As next steps, we want to include information about possible other inuences on migration that might aect the number of institutes as well: Language learning at schools: Compulsory language learning at schools in Europe (data used by Fenoll and Kuehn 216) German schools abroad (Auslandsschulen) International Association of German Teachers (IDV) Percentage of pupils learning German (Eurostat) Language learning at universities: Institutes of German studies abroad (Germanistik) German language courses Other inuences: Branches of chambers of commerce (AHK) German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) 21 / 41
22 Conclusion The number of institutes provided by the GI is positively correlated with migration rates to Germany. GI also aect migration ows to the German-speaking part of Switzerland, but not to the French- and Italian-speaking part. Causal eect from language learning opportunities to migration ows. The relationship is due to language learning and not due to other eects (like information eect) coming with the GI. So: Language learning shapes international migration ows beyond linguistic properties, like linguistic distance. Contrary to children language learning, adult language learning is within reach of the policy-makers in the destination country. 22 / 41
23 Thank you for your attention! For more information, see 23 / 41
24 Theoretical considerations Individuals choose the destination country which maximizes expected utility. Cost-benet analysis on the basis of origin and destination country characteristics. Benets: monetary (e.g. wage, social security,...) and non-monetary (safety, partner, culture) Costs: monetary (e.g. transportation, visa, temporary unemployment) and non-monetary (e.g. leaving family and friends, social integration) Language skills are costly, but increase expected income in destination country. On an aggregate level, language learning opportunities can be expected to play a role in the migration decision. 24 / 41
25 Data Figure 5: Go back Countries with GI in / 41
26 Data Fraction Registrations Figure 6: Distribution of institutes (our sample), / 41
27 Data Summary statistics Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max Migration rate (emigration to Germany/pop.) 3619 Overall e Emigration to Germany 3619 Overall Number of institutes 3619 Overall Between Within Number of language institutes 3619 Overall Between Within Number of language institutes per 1m inhabit Overall GDP per capita 3619 Overall EU member 3619 Overall Population in 1m 3619 Overall Conict 3619 Overall Migrant stock/population 3619 Overall e Exports + Imports 3619 Overall 6.81e e e+11 Variation (at least one GI), Go back 27 / 41
28 Data and estimation strategy gi_migrants ARG AUS BGD BOL BRA CAN CHL CHN CIV CMR COL EGY ESP ETH FIN FRA GBR GHA GRC HKG HUN IDN IND IRL ISR ITA JOR JPN KEN KOR LKA MAR MEX NGA NLD NOR NZL PER PHL PRT ROU SGP TGO THA TUN TUR URY USA VEN year Figure 7: Share of course participants with migration intention on total migration (proxied), / 41
29 Data and estimation strategy gi_migrants year Figure 8: Share of course participants with migration intention on total migration (proxied), France 29 / 41
30 Results: robustness checks - unweighted DV: log migration rate (1) (2) (3) (4) Number of language institutes.589***.642***.75***.788*** (.28) (.24) (.197) (.185) log GDP per capita -.534*** -.454*** -.236*** (.751) (.781) (.619) EU member.294*.312**.373*** (.152) (.151) (.113) log population -.723** -.733** (.31) (.296) (.258) Conict.883***.91*** (.229) (.22) log (Exports+Imports) -.86** -.739** (.354) (.316) log (Migrant Stock / Population), lag=1.673*** (.448) Constant -1.95*** (.835) (5.355) (5.352) (4.667) Observations 3,619 3,619 3,619 3,619 Adjusted R-squared Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Country FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Country*1-year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Countries Years Robust standard errors in parentheses; *** p<.1, ** p<.5, * p<.1 3 / 41
31 Data Closings Openings Number of language institutes Year Figure 9: Openings and closings Go Back 31 / 41
32 TZA URY USA VEN ZAF ARG AUS BDI BEN BFA BOL BRA CAN CHL 1 5 CIV CMR COG COL CRI DNK DOM DZA ECU 1 5 EGY ESP ETH FIN FRA GBR GHA GIN GRC 1 5 GTM HND HTI IDN IND IRL IRN ISL ITA Number of institutes JOR JPN KEN KOR LBR MAR MDG MEX MLI MYS NER NGA NIC NLD NOR NPL NZL PAK PAN PER PHL PRT PRY ROM RWA SEN SLE 1 5 SLV SWE SYR TCD TGO THA TTO TUN TUR Year Figure 1: Numbers of all institutes, by origin countries Go back 32 / 41
33 TZA URY USA VEN ZAF ARG AUS BDI BEN BFA BOL BRA CAN CHL CIV CMR COG COL CRI DNK DOM DZA ECU EGY ESP ETH FIN FRA GBR GHA GIN GRC GTM HND HTI IDN IND IRL IRN ISL ITA Number of language institutes JOR JPN KEN KOR LBR MAR MDG MEX MLI MYS NER NGA NIC NLD NOR NPL NZL PAK PAN PER PHL PRT PRY ROM RWA SEN SLE SLV SWE SYR TCD TGO THA TTO TUN TUR Year Figure 11: Numbers of language institutes, by origin countries Go back 33 / 41
34 TZA URY USA VEN ZAF ARG AUS BDI BEN BFA BOL BRA CAN CHL 1 5 CIV CMR COG COL CRI DNK DOM DZA ECU 1 5 EGY ESP ETH FIN FRA GBR GHA GIN GRC Number of language institutes (incl. joint reporting) GTM HND HTI IDN IND IRL IRN ISL ITA JOR JPN KEN KOR LBR MAR MDG MEX MLI MYS NER NGA NIC NLD NOR NPL NZL PAK PAN PER PHL PRT PRY ROM RWA SEN SLE SLV SWE SYR TCD TGO THA TTO TUN TUR Figure 12: Numbers of language institutes, by origin countries language institutes (courses assumed to take place in case of joint reporting) Year Go back 34 / 41
35 Correlation between migration to Switzerland and to Germany log migration rate to Germany GI ARG * GI AUS * GI BOL * GI BRA GI CAN GI CHL GI CIV GI CMR GI COL GI CRI * GI DNK * GI DZA GI EGY GI ESP * GI ETH * GI FIN * GI FRA GI GBR * GI GHA * GI GRC GI IDN GI IND * GI IRL GI IRN GI ITA * GI JOR GI JPN * GI KEN GI KOR GI MAR GI MEX * GI MYS GI NGA * GI NLD GI NOR * GI NPL GI NZL * GI PAK GI PER * GI PHL GI PRT * GI SEN GI SWE GI SYR GI TGO GI THA * GI TUN GI TUR * GI TZA GI URY GI USA * GI VEN GI ZAF No GI BDI * No GI BEN No GI BFA No GI COG * No GI DOM * No GI ECU * No GI GIN * No GI GTM * No GI HND No GI HTI * Goethe Institut No Yes No GI ISL No GI LBR * No GI MDG No GI MLI No GI NER No GI NIC No GI PAN No GI PRY * No GI RWA * No GI SLE * No GI SLV * No GI TCD No GI TTO log migration rate to Switzerland Figure 13: Correlation, within countries with and without GI Go back 35 / 41
36 . 1. Goethe Institut density No Yes Correlation: log migration rates to Germany and Switzerland Figure 14: Correlation (density), countries with and without GI Go back 36 / 41
37 y Goethe Institut.5 No Yes Correlation: log migration rates to Germany and Switzerland Figure 15: Correlation (cdf), countries with and without GI Go back 37 / 41
38 Flows to Switzerland relative to Germany 6 4 density Immigration to CHE/ Immigration to DEU Figure 16: Swiss/German inows Go back 38 / 41
39 Flows to Switzerland relative to Germany 6 4 density Mean immigration to CHE from country j/ Mean immigration to DEU from country j Figure 17: Swiss/German inows, by origin countries ( ) Go Back 39 / 41
40 Data Summary statistics (countries with at least one GI) Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max Number of institutes 2773 (59 countries) Overall Between Within Number of language institutes 2632 (56 countries) Overall Between Within Go back 4 / 41
41 Reverse Causality: Switzerland (1) (2) (3) (4) DV: log migration rate Germany Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland (non-german-speak.) (German-speak.) (German-speak.) Number of language institutes.35* ***.671* (.167) (.24) (.265) (.389) Observations 1,771 1,771 1,771 1,472 Adjusted R-squared Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Country Fe Yes Yes Yes Yes Country*1-year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Other controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Countries Years *** p<.1, ** p<.5, * p<.1. In (4), countries are excluded with signicantly (at least on the 1 %-level) related migration ows to Germany and to the German-speaking part of Switzerland that have a variation in the number of language institutes in the period Shorter time-period Go back 41 / 41
Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence
14.452 Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence Daron Acemoglu MIT October 24, 2017. Daron Acemoglu (MIT) Economic Growth Lecture 1 October 24, 2017. 1 / 38 Cross-Country Income Differences Cross-Country
More informationEconomic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence
14.452 Economic Growth: Lecture 1, Questions and Evidence Daron Acemoglu MIT October 21, 2014 Daron Acemoglu (MIT) Economic Growth Lecture 1 October 21, 2014. 1 / 39 Cross-Country Income Differences Cross-Country
More informationGLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2015/2016
GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 215/216 Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change MARCIO CRUZ DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS GROUP Global Monitoring Report 215/216 Implications of Demographic Change: Pathways
More informationGender Inequality and Growth: The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries
World Bank From the SelectedWorks of Mohammad Amin July, 2012 Gender Inequality and Growth: The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries Mohammad Amin Veselin Kuntchev Available at: https://works.bepress.com/mohammad_amin/45/
More informationPresence of language-learning opportunities abroad and migration to Germany
Presence of language-learning opportunities abroad and migration to Germany Early draft (Do not cite!) Matthias Huber University of Jena Silke Uebelmesser University of Jena and CESifo June 21, 2017 Abstract
More informationThe Role of Human Capital: Immigrant Earnings
The Role of Human Capital: Immigrant Earnings Econ821 Prof. Lutz Hendricks March 10, 2016 1 / 32 The Idea How could one measure human capital without knowing the production function? The problem: we only
More informationLINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE CHOICE AND NATION BUILDING: THEORY AND EVIDENCE
LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, OFFICIAL LANGUAGE CHOICE AND NATION BUILDING: THEORY AND EVIDENCE David D. Laitin (Stanford University) and Rajesh Ramachandran (Goethe University) The International Political Economy
More informationThe Rule of Law for All July 2013 The Hague, Netherlands
The Rule of Law for All 8-11 July 2013 The Hague, Netherlands (I was called) to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land... so that the strong should not harm the weak. - Prologue, Hammurabi s
More information0 20,000 40,000 60,000 GDP per capita ($)
4 Chapter 1 Economic Growth and Economic Development: The Questions Density of countries 1960 1980 2000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 GDP per capita ($) FIGURE 11 Estimates of the distribution of countries according
More informationIS THE CASE FOR CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE DEAD?
IS THE CASE FOR CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE DEAD? ED BALLS AND ANNA STANSBURY DISCUSSED BY LAWRENCE SUMMERS AND ADAM POSEN PETERSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS WASHINGTON, DC APRIL 23, 2018 ALESINA
More informationHuman Development : Retrospective and Prospects. Jeni Klugman, HDRO/ UNDP. Tuesday February 23, 2010
Human Development : Retrospective and Prospects Jeni Klugman, HDRO/ UNDP Tuesday February 23, 2010 1 Overview 1. What is the HDR? 2. Retrospective 3. Prospects What is Human Development? Development can
More informationPresence of language-learning opportunities and migration
7569 2019 March 2019 Presence of language-learning opportunities and migration Matthias Huber, Silke Uebelmesser Impressum: CESifo Working Papers ISSN 2364-1428 (electronic version) Publisher and distributor:
More informationU.S. Food Aid and Civil Conflict
Web Appendix for U.S. Food Aid and Civil Conflict Nathan Nunn Harvard University, BREAD, NBER Nancy Qian Yale University, BREAD, NBER (Not for Publication) August 2013 1 1. Introduction This appendix accompanies
More informationFollow links for Class Use and other Permissions. For more information send to:
COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Daron Acemoglu: Introduction to Modern Economic Growth is published by Princeton University Press and copyrighted, 2008, by Princeton University Press. All rights reserved. No part of
More informationUNDERSTANDING GVCS: INSIGHTS FROM RECENT OECD WORK
UNDERSTANDING GVCS: INSIGHTS FROM RECENT OECD WORK Javier Lopez Gonzalez, Development Division, OECD Trade and Agriculture Directorate Bangkok 12 th of December 2014 Outline i. How do we capture participation?
More informationWhy some countries grow rich, and others don t
Why some countries grow rich, and others don t 2008 Yan Fu Memorial Lecture James A. Robinson Harvard University The Comparative Prosperity of Nations Vast differences in prosperity across countries today.
More informationGlobal Profile of Diasporas
Tenth Coordination Meeting on International Migration New York, 9-10 February 2012 Global Profile of Diasporas Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of International Migration Division Directorate for Employment,
More informationGovernance from words to deeds
Governance from words to deeds Learning Lunch with Miguel Schloss 1818 Society Water Group, May 13, 2011 Agenda There is no such thing as a free lunch Milton Freedman Governance: why and what for The approach:
More informationCountry-Specific Investments and the Rights of Non-Citizens
ARTICLE Country-Specific Investments and the Rights of Non-Citizens ADAM S. CHILTON & ERIC A. POSNER * In a 2007 article, Adam Cox and Eric Posner developed a Second Order theory of immigration law that
More informationDoes Initial Inequality Prevent Trade Development? A Political-Economy Approach *
Trade and Development Review Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2009, 93-105 http://www.tdrju.net Does Initial Inequality Prevent Trade Development? A Political-Economy Approach Marcus Marktanner Nagham Sayour We develop
More informationADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: ISSUES AND THE CAUSES. Samuel Freije World Development Report 2013 Team, World Bank
ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: ISSUES AND THE CAUSES Samuel Freije World Development Report 2013 Team, World Bank A growing concern about jobs The global financial crisis resulted in massive
More informationLife-Cycle Wage Growth Across Countries
Life-Cycle Wage Growth Across Countries David Lagakos UCSD Tommaso Porzio Yale Benjamin Moll Princeton Nancy Qian Yale Todd Schoellman ASU Northwestern, 18 April 2016 1 Life-Cycle Human Capital Accumulation
More informationGlobalization, Technology and the Decline in Labor Share of Income. Mitali Das Strategy, Policy and Research Department. IMF
Globalization, Technology and the Decline in Labor Share of Income Mitali Das Strategy, Policy and Research Department. IMF 1 The global labor share of income has been on a downward trend Evolution of
More informationThe Institute for Economics & Peace Quantifying Peace and its Benefits
The Institute for Economics & Peace Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) is an independent, non partisan, non profit research organization dedicated to promoting
More informationthe atlas of E C O N O M I C C O M P L E X I T Y
the atlas of E C O N O M I C C O M P L E X I T Y M a p p i n g P a t h s T o P r o s p e r i t y Hausmann, Hidalgo et al. T H E A T L A S O F E C O N O M I C C O M P L E X I T Y M A P P I N G P A T H S
More informationImproving International Migration Statistics Selected examples from OECD
CARIM-East Methodological Workshop II Warsaw, 27-28 October 2011 Improving International Migration Statistics Selected examples from OECD Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of International Migration Division
More informationCorporate Corruption Matters for Public Governance:
Corporate Corruption Matters for Public Governance: Empirical Evidence and Implications for Anti-Corruption Strategies Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Keynote Presentation
More informationIt is about Wealth, not (only) Income: What the World Bank says and does not say
Georgetown University From the SelectedWorks of Josep M. Colomer February 19, 2018 It is about Wealth, not (only) Income: What the World Bank says and does not say Josep M. Colomer Available at: https://works.bepress.com/josep_colomer/
More informationDiagnostic Tools and Empirical Analysis of Governance as an Input in the Fight against Corruption.
Diagnostic Tools and Empirical Analysis of Governance as an Input in the Fight against Corruption. Anti-corruption Workshop Francesca Recanatini World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/esp
More informationThe Long Arm of History? The Impact of Colonial Labor Institutions on Long-Term Development in Peru
The Long Arm of History? The Impact of Colonial Labor Institutions on Long-Term Development in Peru Leticia Arroyo Abad (Middlebury College) Noel Maurer (George Washington University) Jan Luiten van Zanden
More informationEducation, financial markets and economic growth
Education, financial markets and economic growth Lucas Papademos European Central Bank 35th Economics Conference on Human Capital and Economic Growth Österreichische Nationalbank Vienna, 21 May 1 Outline
More informationI. Patterns Economic Development in Africa
ECON 184 I. Patterns Economic Development in Africa ECON 184: Patterns of Econ. Dev. January 7, 2010 1 1 Trivia 1. Name this President ECON 184: Patterns of Econ. Dev. January 7, 2010 2 Answers ECON 184:
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FROM EDUCATION TO DEMOCRACY? Daron Acemoglu Simon Johnson James A. Robinson Pierre Yared
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FROM EDUCATION TO DEMOCRACY? Daron Acemoglu Simon Johnson James A. Robinson Pierre Yared Working Paper 11204 http://www.nber.org/papers/w11204 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
More informationVolatility, diversification and development in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries
Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States Volatility, diversification and development in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries Miklos Koren and Silvana Tenreyro
More informationWorldwide Governance Indicators and key Findings: Implications for Credit, Investment and Policies in Emerging Markets
Worldwide Governance Indicators and key Findings: Implications for Credit, Investment and Policies in Emerging Markets Daniel Kaufmann The World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance or, www.
More informationSOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2014
SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX 2014 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BY MICHAEL E. PORTER and SCOTT STERN with MICHAEL GREEN The Social Progress Imperative is registered as a nonprofit organization in the United States. We are
More informationThe Impact of the Global Food Crisis on Self-Assessed Food Security
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 6329 The Impact of the Global Food Crisis on Self-Assessed
More informationFamily Values and the Regulation of Labor
Family Values and the Regulation of Labor Alberto Alesina (Harvard University) Pierre Cahuc (Polytechnique, CREST) Yann Algan (Science Po, OFCE) Paola Giuliano (UCLA) April 2010 1 / 56 Introduction Differences
More informationSachin Gathani and Dimitri Stoelinga* Export Similarity Networks and Proximity Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies
DOI 10.1515/jgd-2012-0029 JGD 2013; aop Sachin Gathani and Dimitri Stoelinga* Export Similarity Networks and Proximity Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies Abstract: In the paper we explore just
More informationReport on the 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index 2015 (Cho, Seo-Young University of Marburg)
The Country-rankings of the 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index for 2015 Released - Best Practice of Austria, the UK, and Spain - Modest Improvement in Protection and Prevention Efforts - Persistently Weak
More informationAvoiding unemployment is not enough
n 4 August 2018 Avoiding unemployment is not enough An analysis of other forms of labour underutilization 1 The unemployment rate is undoubtedly the most widely cited labour market indicator by media and
More informationGovernance and Corruption: Evidence and Implications
Governance and Corruption: Evidence and Implications Francesca Recanatini and Daniel Kaufmann Meeting with future Russian Leaders, The World Bank, October 25 th, 2002 Governance and Poverty Nexus Lower
More informationFamily Values and the Regulation of Labor
Family Values and the Regulation of Labor Alberto Alesina (Harvard University) Pierre Cahuc (Polytechnique, CREST) Yann Algan (Science Po, OFCE) Paola Giuliano (UCLA) October 2009 1 / 54 Introduction Rigid
More informationDaniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute
Assessing the Deliverables of Ukraine Reform Synthesis of Perspectives from Discussions at the WEF Roundtables, and Background Data Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance
More informationPoverty, Inequality and Jobs: How does the sectoral composition of employment affect inequality?
Poverty, Inequality and Jobs: How does the sectoral composition of employment affect inequality? Arief Yusuf, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia & Andy Sumner, King s College London Introduction Traditional
More informationIntelligence and Corruption
University of Konstanz Dep artment of Economics Intelligence and Corruption Niklas Potrafke Working Paper Series 2011-37 http://www.wiwi.uni-konstanz.de/workingpaperseries Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System
More informationCatching Up and Falling Behind: Lessons from 20 th -Century Growth. Nicholas Crafts
Catching Up and Falling Behind: Lessons from 20 th -Century Growth Nicholas Crafts 3 rd Development Lecture in Honour of Angus Maddison, OECD, July 1, 2014 Angus Maddison s Legacy Evaluating performance
More informationPolicies against Human Trafficking: The Role of Religion and Political Institutions
Policies against Human Trafficking: The Role of Religion and Political Institutions Niklas Potrafke CESIFO WORKING PAPER NO. 4278 CATEGORY 2: PUBLIC CHOICE JUNE 2013 An electronic version of the paper
More informationECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION TO THE OECD IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. Cansin Arslan International Migration Division, OECD
ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION TO THE OECD IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY by Cansin Arslan International Migration Division, OECD Jean-Christophe Dumont International Migration Division, OECD Zovanga Kone
More informationInternational Migration to the OECD in the 21 st Century
KNOMAD Working Paper 16 International Migration to the OECD in the 21 st Century Cansin Arslan Jean-Christophe Dumont Zovanga L. Kone Çağlar Özden, Christopher R. Parsons Theodora Xenogiani October 2016
More informationLecture 10: Education(3): Educated for what?
Lecture 10: Education(3): Educated for what? David Donaldson and Esther Duflo 14.73 Challenges of World Poverty Introduction The Millennium Development Goals call for universal primary education by 2015,
More informationInter-American Development Bank Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) Research Department Departamento de Investigación Working Paper #572
Inter-American Development Bank Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) Research Department Departamento de Investigación Working Paper #572 Barriers to Exit By Alberto Chong Gianmarco León Inter-American
More informationTRAVEL SERVICE EXPORTS AS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN SOUTH AFRICA
TRAVEL SERVICE EXPORTS AS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN SOUTH AFRICA Johan Fourie 1 World service exports have grown at a rapid rate over the past few decades. While some countries have benefited from the surge
More informationPOLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Global effects of local food-production crises: a virtual water perspective Original Global effects of local food-production crises: a virtual water perspective
More informationCorruption, Productivity and Transition *
CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC REFORM AND TRANSFORMATION School of Management and Languages, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Tel: 0131 451 8143/3485 Fax: 0131 451 3498 email: ecocert@hw.ac.uk World-Wide
More informationEcon 490 Section 011 Economics of the Poor Fall Course Website:
Econ 490 Section 011 Economics of the Poor Fall 2011 Contact Information: Siwan Anderson Office: Buchanan Tower 922 (Temporary) e-mail: siwander@interchange.ubc.ca Course Website: www.econ.ubc.ca/asiwan/490hmpg.htm
More informationWho Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?
Journal of Economic Growth, 5: 33 63 (March 2000) c 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why? ALBERTO ALESINA Department of Economics, Harvard
More informationTESIS de MAGÍSTER DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO. Checks and Balances in Weakly Institutionalized Countries. Kathryn Baragwanath.
Instituto I N S T Ide T Economía U T O D E E C O N O M Í A TESIS de MAGÍSTER DOCUMENTO DE TRABAJO 2013 Checks and Balances in Weakly Institutionalized Countries Kathryn Baragwanath. www.economia.puc.cl
More information2011 ICP: Validation and Experimental calculations
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized International Comparison Program [01.02] 2011 ICP: Validation and Experimental calculations
More informationCOURTS The Lex Mundi Project
COURTS The Lex Mundi Project Professor Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Yale University and National Bureau of Economic Research March 10, 2002 1 Justice in some unknown place 2 Motivation All economics is based
More informationNon-Tariff Measures Meeting Geneva, 5 October 2016 MAST group and PRONTO
Non-Tariff Measures Meeting Geneva, 5 October 2016 MAST group and PRONTO Ralf Peters UNCTAD Non-Tariff Measures: Broad Range of Policies NTMs: Policy measures, other than ordinary customs tariffs, that
More informationPre-industrial Inequalities. Branko Milanovic World Bank Training Poverty and Inequality Analysis Course March 5, 2012
Pre-industrial Inequalities Branko Milanovic World Bank Training Poverty and Inequality Analysis Course March 5, 2012 Questions Is inequality caused by the Industrial Revolution? Or, has inequality been
More informationLatin American Exceptionalism: The Politics and Economics of Unfulfilled Potential. Professor Victor Menaldo University of Washington
Latin American Exceptionalism: The Politics and Economics of Unfulfilled Potential. Professor Victor Menaldo University of Washington Recent Progress Democratization Rule of Law Economic Growth Decreasing
More informationRelease notes MDR NAL publication [xml]
Dissemination and Reuse Directorate Documentary Management and Metadata Unit Standardisation and Registry of Metadata Section Release notes MDR NAL publication 2060525-0 [xml] Publications Office of the
More informationGovernance Research Indicators Project Governance Matters III: Indicators for 1996-2002 Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi The World Bank Presentation at the Wokshop at 10.3 on New Frontiers,
More informationGovernance Research Indicators Project
Governance Research Indicators Project Governance Matters III: Indicators for 1996-2002 Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi The World Bank Presentation at the Munich Centre for Economic,
More informationChad TCD Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Channel Islands CHI Europe & Central Asia High income Chile CHL Latin America & Caribbean High income China CHN
Afghanistan AFG South Asia Low income Albania ALB Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Algeria DZA Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income American Samoa ASM East Asia & Pacific Upper middle
More informationThe State of Food and Agriculture. A annual FAO report Since 1947
The State of Food and Agriculture A annual FAO report Since 1947 Characteristics of SOFA thematic reports Thematic focus Key audiences: Member governments FAO meetings; Media; Civil society; Researchers
More informationMIC Forum: The Rise of the Middle Class
MIC Forum: The Rise of the Middle Class Augusto de la Torre Jamele Rigolini We would like to thank Shubham Chaudhuri, Stefano Curto, Maria Davalos, Carolina Sanchez-Paramo and Joao Pedro Wagner de Azevedo
More informationGovernance Empirics:
Governance Empirics: Some methods, findings and implications Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Video-link presentation at the 4 th Session of the Committee of
More informationDoes Corruption Ease the Burden of Regulation? National and Subnational Evidence
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Does Corruption Ease the Burden of Regulation? National and Subnational Evidence Michael Breen and Robert Gillanders Dublin City University October 2017 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82088/
More informationCorruption within a Governance Framework: Practical Lessons from Empirical Evidence Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Presentation at the Seminar on Tackling Corruption
More informationSowing and Reaping: Institutional Quality and Project Outcomes in Developing Countries
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Sowing and Reaping: Institutional Quality and Project Outcomes in Developing Countries
More informationTest scores and income inequalities
Maciej Jakubowski Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Poland email: mjakubowski@uw.edu.pl Test scores and income inequalities Preliminary version Not be cited without the author s permission
More informationRevisiting Institutional Strengthening and Rethinking Governance
Revisiting Institutional Strengthening and Rethinking Governance Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Background material slide material for session on Strengthening African
More informationCentre for Economic Policy Research
The Australian National University Centre for Economic Policy Research DISCUSSION PAPER Happiness and the Human Development Index: Australia is Not a Paradox Andrew Leigh* and Justin Wolfers** DISCUSSION
More informationWorld Bank list of economies (NOV 2017)
World Bank list of economies (NOV 2017) (Bold indicates a change of classification, whole line bold is WSAVA member) Changed in 2017 to tier colour nr. WSAVA MEMBER? Economy/ Association Code WSAVA REGION
More informationLey del Servicio Postal Mexicano and Decreto por el que se crea el organismo descentralizado denominado Servicio Postal Mexicano, respectively.
Table of Contents Executive Summary... 1 1. The Client... 3 2. A Context for the Analysis... 3 3. Is the Post an important topic?... 5 3.a. Nations development and postal usage... 5 3.b. The Post in the
More informationGender inequality in education: Political institutions or culture and religion?
University of Konstanz Department of Economics Gender inequality in education: Political institutions or culture and religion? Arusha Cooray, Niklas Potrafke Konstanz Working Paper 2010-01 Online at http://www.wiwi.uni-konstanz.de/workingpaperseries
More informationOn Private-Public Corruption Nexus:
On Private-Public Corruption Nexus: From Inconvenient Facts to Questioning Daniel Kaufmann and colleagues, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Background Handout for Presentation at the
More informationGold Standard Period. Interwar Period Import Substitution Lost Washington
LAC s Long-Term Growth: Made in China? 2da Mesa Redonda sobre Comercio y Desarrollo Sostenible 7-8 de noviembre de 2011 Montevideo, Uruguay Chief Economist Office Latin America and the Caribbean The World
More informationMigration and Development: Implications for Rural Areas. Alan de Brauw International Food Policy Research Institute UNU-WIDER Conference October 2017
Migration and Development: Implications for Rural Areas Alan de Brauw International Food Policy Research Institute UNU-WIDER Conference October 2017 Motivation: Voluntary Migration plays Central Role in
More informationInvestment Climate Drivers: Does Governance and Corruption Matter? An Empirical Framework with Practical Applications Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Presentation
More informationGovernance, Anti-Corruption, and Education An initial empirical approach
Governance, Anti-Corruption, and Education An initial empirical approach Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute Presentation at the International Working Group Annual Meeting on Education Wash., DC,
More informationSocial!v.!Conservative!Democracies!and!Homicide!Rates! % % % % % ICAT%Working%Paper%Series% January%2012%!
ICATWorkingPaperSeries January2012!!!!! Social!v.!Conservative!Democracies!and!Homicide!Rates! Luc!Noiset!and!Marcus!Marktanner! KennesawStateUniversity www.kennesaw.edu/icat! ABSTRACT! Economictheorypredictsthatdemocracieshavelessinequalitythanautocracies.Thereisalso
More informationOn the World Bank s Governance & Anti- Corruption [GAC] Strategy: Key Features, Concerns, Debates, Misconceptions, and Next Steps
On the World Bank s Governance & Anti- Corruption [GAC] Strategy: Key Features, Concerns, Debates, Misconceptions, and Next Steps and selected issues on Governance Indicators Daniel Kaufmann & Colleagues,
More informationOpening To The World: The Effect Of Internet Access On Corruption
Opening To The World: The Effect Of Internet Access On Corruption Martha Garcia-Murillo Syracuse University School of Information Studies 4-206 CST Syracuse NY 13244 Phone: 315-443-1829 Fax: 315-443- 5806
More informationIs There Convergence in the Future of Global Capitalism? Dani Rodrik April 2017
Is There Convergence in the Future of Global Capitalism? Dani Rodrik April 2017 Convergence of what? Economics: standards of living GDP per head Politics: models of governance liberal/social democracy
More informationWorking Paper No. 715
Working Paper No. 715 Tracking the Middle-income Trap: What Is It, Who Is in It, and Why? by Jesus Felipe Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Asian Development Bank Arnelyn Abdon Asian Development
More informationVoting for Parties or for Candidates: Do Electoral Institutions Make a Difference?
Voting for Parties or for Candidates: Do Electoral Institutions Make a Difference? Elena Llaudet Department of Government Harvard University April 11, 2015 Abstract Little is known about how electoral
More information2019 OECD ECONOMIC SURVEY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
219 OECD ECONOMIC SURVEY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC Towards an innovative and inclusive society Bratislava, 5 th February www.oecd.org/economy/surveys/slovak-republic-economic-snapshot @OECDeconomy @OECD The
More informationGovernance, Security and Development Data Power Challenges Myths -- and Implications for Strategies in the next stage
Governance, Security and Development Data Power Challenges Myths -- and Implications for Strategies in the next stage Daniel Kaufmann, World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance Presentation
More informationSupplementary figures
Supplementary figures Source: OECD (211d, p. 8). Figure S3.1 Business enterprise expenditure on R&D, 1999 and 29 (as a percentage of GDP) ISR FIN SWE KOR (1999, 28) JPN CHE (2, 28) USA (1999, 28) DNK AUT
More informationRecent Trends in ILO Conventions Related to Occupational Safety and Health
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE) 2006, Vol. 12, No. 3, 255 266 Recent Trends in ILO Conventions Related to Occupational Safety and Health Donald J. Wilson Ken Takahashi
More informationEducational institutions and the integration of migrants
J Popul Econ DOI 10.1007/s00148-009-0271-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Educational institutions and the integration of migrants Nicole Schneeweis Received: 4 April 2008 / Accepted: 24 July 2009 Springer-Verlag 2009
More informationImmigration and Internal Mobility in Canada Appendices A and B. Appendix A: Two-step Instrumentation strategy: Procedure and detailed results
Immigration and Internal Mobility in Canada Appendices A and B by Michel Beine and Serge Coulombe This version: February 2016 Appendix A: Two-step Instrumentation strategy: Procedure and detailed results
More informationRelease Notes. World Premium Points of Interest-Consumer Edition. Version 3.2 ( ) Contents:
World Premium Points of Interest-Consumer Edition Version 3.2 (2016.11) Release Notes The World Premium Points of Interest - Consumer Edition (WPPOI-CSMR) contains the rich set of consumer focused Points
More informationMigration and Development: Implications for Rural Areas
Migration and Development: Implications for Rural Areas Alan de Brauw International Food Policy Research Institute JRC-IFPRI Conference on Food and Nutrition Security Measurement Brussels, November 2017
More informationDebunking Myths about Governance and Corruption Lessons from Worldwide Evidence Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Institute www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance For Presentation at the Anti-Corruption Workshop
More informationWorking Papers. On the Economic Geography of International Migration
Working Papers Paper 92, June 2014 On the Economic Geography of International Migration Çağlar Özden and Christopher Parsons This paper is published by the International Migration Institute (IMI), Oxford
More information