HURRICANE ANDREW. Ethnicity, gender and the sociology of disasters. Edited by Walter Gillis Peacock, Betty Hearn Morrow and Hugh Gladwin

Transcription

1 HURRICANE ANDREW Ethnicity, gender and the sociology of disasters Edited by Walter Gillis Peacock, Betty Hearn Morrow and Hugh Gladwin London and New York

2 List of plates xi List of figures xiii List of tables xiv Notes on contributors xvi Acknowledgments xviii List of abbreviations xx 1 DISASTER IN THE FIRST PERSON 1 Betty Hearn Morrow The event 2 The damage 3 The victims 8 The research team 12 Our projects 13 Organization of the book 17 2 SOCIAL SYSTEMS, ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS AND DISASTERS: TOWARD A SOCIO-POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF DISASTERS 20 Walter Gillis Peacock with A. Kathleen Ragsdale The nature of human communities 21 Community as an ecological network 22 Disaster and recovery 24 Disaster recovery in the United States 26 Socio-political ecology and disaster research TJ An applied focus 34 3 BEFORE THE STORM: THE SOCIO-POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF MIAMI 36 Guillermo J. Grenier and Betty Hearn Morrow vii

3 An eccentric past 37 Snowbirds from the north 38 Exiles from the south 39 Greater Miami today 41 The Cuban enclave 42 Black marginali2mtion 43 Women in Miami 49 A relevant setting 50 4 WARNING AND EVACUATION: A NIGHT FOR HARD HOUSES 52 Hugh Gladwin and Walter Gillis Peacock Hurricane advisories 53 The media and other sources of information 55 When preparation started 57 Preparation activities 60 The decision to evacuate 61 Factors influencing evacuation 64 Household evacuation for Hurricane Andrew 67 Some policy considerations 69 What people will do the next time 72 5 CRISIS DECISION MAKING AND MANAGEMENT 75 Harvey Averch and Milan J. Dluhy Reconstructing the crisis 76 Chronology of critical events 11 Intergovernmental planning 81 Experience and management style 83 Individual versus collective rationality 84 How the decision making system operated 86 Some policy considerations 88 6 COPING IN A TEMPORARY WAY: THE TENT CITIES 92 Kevin A. Yelvington Getting there 93 Being there 98 Dealing with the issues 107 Changing of the guard 108 The tent cities close 110 Conclusions 112 Some policy considerations 114 vm

4 7 A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE: THE VOICES OF WOMEN 116 Elaine Enarson and Betty Hearn Morrow Contributions of a gendered analysis 116 The neglect of gender in disaster research 117 A qualitative study 118 They speak for many 119 Conclusions 135 Women, gender, and disaster: a research agenda 136 Women, gender, and disaster: policy considerations STRETCHING THE BONDS: THE FAMILIES OF ANDREW 141 Betty Hearn Morrow Families in disaster research 142 The families of Andrew 144 Families as networks of support 145 Homeless families 150 Getting agency assistance 152 Slow recovery 156 Effects on family relationships 157 Working class homeowners 161 Uneven outcomes 167 Conclusions 168 Some policy considerations ETHNIC AND RACIAL INEQUALITIES IN HURRICANE DAMAGE AND INSURANCE SETTLEMENTS 171 Walter Gillis Peacock and Chris Girard Disaster damage: why race and ethnicity matters 113 Hurricane Andrew damage 174 Homeowners' insurance: the consequences of race and ethnicity 180 Successes and failures of market-based household recovery 187 Some policy considerations ETHNICITY AND SEGREGATION: POST-HURRICANE RELOCATION 191 Chris Girard and Walter Gillis Peacock Ethnic/racial variations in relocation 193 Analysis of relocation patterns 196 Broader implications of the results 201 Policy implications 203 IX

5 11 AND THE POOR GET POORER: A NEGLECTED BLACK COMMUNITY 206 Nicole Dash, Walter Gillis Peacock, and Betty Hearn Morrow Urban ecological networks, minority communities, and disaster 206 Florida City 208 Homestead 209 Unequal consequences 210 The road to recovery? 216 An uncertain future 222 Some policy considerations DISASTERS AND SOCIAL CHANGE: HURRICANE ANDREW AND THE RESHAPING OF MIAMI? 226 Betty Hearn Morrow and Walter Gillis Peacock Social change after disaster 227 The reshaping ofmiami? 228 Summary 241 APPENDIX 243 Hurricane Andrew research projects Bibliography 251 Name index 268 Subject index 272