UNICEF Somalia. Mid-Year Situation Report Reporting period: Jan-July 2013

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1 UNICEF Somalia Mid-Year Situation Report Reporting period: Jan-July 2013 Health and Nutrition outreach team members attend to children during a visit to Arabsiyo village in Gabiley district, North West Somalia/2013/Swangin Highlights Nationwide polio campaign on-going following the declaration of a Wild Polio Virus epidemic on May 9, 2013; Somalia had been free of the Wild Polio Virus since March To date 41 cases have been confirmed and 5,072,182 children under five have been vaccinated against Polio. After two decades of war, the first National Education Conference for Somalia was held in Mogadishu in June 2013, with 220 participants from across the country. The launch of MICS4 for North West Somalia was held in Hargeisa on 29 June. The security situation in Southern Somalia remains unpredictable and volatile with the attack on the UN in Mogadishu limiting activities in Mogadishu to Programme Criticality 1. Situation Overview and Humanitarian Needs According to the July FEWS NET Bulletin, food access has improved among poor households in many parts of Somalia, following the conclusion of the April to June Gu rains. However, most poor households, especially in rural areas, are anticipated to remain Stressed (IPC Phase 2) through September, despite further improvements in food security. While the number of people in Crisis and Emergency (IPC Phases 3 and 4) has halved to 1.05 million 1 (14% of the population) from 2.1 million in November 2012, 1.67 million people survive in stressed conditions (IPC Phase 2). 1 FSNAU Post Deyr 2012 Food security and Nutrition Outlook, February

2 Malnutrition rates remain among the highest in the world, with 215,000 children under five years of age (one in seven) acutely malnourished, out of which at least 45,000 are severely malnourished. There are about 1.1 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Somalia with high concentrations in Mogadishu, Bossaso and Hargeisa. One million Somalis are refugees in the region, with conditions in Somalia not yet right for wide-scale return. Vaccination campaigns against Polio are on-going across the country and in neighboring countries following the confirmation of Wild Polio Virus Type 1 in May As at 30 June, 41 cases were confirmed, with 36 from Banadir region, 4 from Lower Shabelle and 1 from Bay region. The campaigns conducted in Central South Zone (CSZ) to date, have only reached the accessible districts (to date 27 districts remain inaccessible); given the large reservoir of unvaccinated children in CSZ, it is expected that the virus will continue to spread rapidly and there already is evidence of cross-border circulation with cases having been identified in neighboring Kenya. The rapidly escalating situation, which is already a public health emergency, calls for urgent action to avert what could easily evolve into a prolonged, intractable and widespread outbreak of Polio, which could result in hundreds of children being paralyzed in the Horn of Africa region and beyond. The security situation, and ensuing humanitarian access, in central and southern Somalia remains complex, volatile and unpredictable. An attack on 19 June on the UN Common Compound in Mogadishu, housing UN humanitarian and development staff, resulted in the deaths of one international UN staff member, three UN contractors, four Somali guards and several Somali civilians. The UN and the Federal Government of Somalia is reviewing and reinforcing its security measures to ensure the safety and security of staff and continued delivery of humanitarian assistance to those in need. Humanitarian leadership and coordination The Cluster Approach was introduced in Somalia in January Eight clusters are currently activated at the Nairobi level with a varying number of Sub-Clusters operational in the following locations in Somalia: Mogadishu; Dobley; Baidoa; Garowe; Belet Weyne; Galkayo; Bossaso; Hargeisa; Ceel-waq; and Dollow. Coordination of humanitarian action is supported by Cluster staff based out of Nairobi. However, Sub-Cluster capacity in field locations has been significantly strengthened, and is expected to continue to increase in the future. A system whereby a local partner is democratically elected to manage Cluster activities at regional levels has been put in place in 11 regions. Within the WASH Cluster, for example, UNICEF and Islamic Relief have signed a PCA for the secondment of a WASH Cluster Coordinator for Banadir in Middle and Lower Shabelle. Field level Cluster coordination is thus active, though supported by the Nairobi structure. Similarly, Regional Cluster structures are in place in Somaliland and Puntland, with support from the Cluster Coordinators based in Nairobi. Clusters meet on a monthly basis both in Nairobi and in the field in Central South, Puntland and Somaliland. In Somaliland and Puntland, whilst Cluster Coordination continues, capacity is progressively being built to move towards Sector Wide Coordination. For Education for instance, this has already been implemented. The Nutrition and Health Clusters have also started engaging the national authorities in Mogadishu. The WASH Cluster is co-led by Oxfam GB; the Nutrition Cluster by Cafdaro and the Education Cluster by Save the Children. At present while there is no UN integrated mission for Somalia and the Humanitarian Coordinator leads the Humanitarian Country Team. However, Security Council Resolutions 2093 and 2102 (2013) which establish the new UN Assistance Mission for Somalia (UNSOM, a Special Political Mission) on 3 June 2013, further stipulate that the function of RC/HC be structurally integrated into the mission to become Deputy SRSG/RC/HC by 1 January Resolution 2102 also calls on the UN to take immediate steps to ensure full coordination of UNCT activities with the SRSG, including through establishing joint teams and joint strategies, while ensuring the humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence of humanitarian assistance. 2

3 UNICEF Programme Response - Nutrition CCC 4: Community Management of Malnutrition # of children under five with Severe Acute Malnutrition admitted in Therapeutic Feeding programmes NUTRITION UNICEF CLUSTER Target Progress % Target Progress % 80, , % 80, , % % of children with SAM under treatment recovered 75% (SPHERE standards) 86.2% NA 75% (SPHERE standards) 86.2% NA % of nutrition centres stocked out of essential nutrition supplies (Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food, etc.) <10% 14.4% NA <10% 14.4% NA According to partner reports submitted for January - June , UNICEF supported nutrition centres admitted a total of 135,107 malnourished children across Somalia. Of the total number of malnourished children under five admitted in UNICEF supported centers from January through June 2013, a total of 118,326 were severely malnourished and 16,781 were moderately malnourished. The wet feeding programme continues in key locations along the border such as Dolow, Luuq and Dhobley, providing hot prepared meals, mostly for IDP women and young children. From January through June, a total of 7,019 households, including 8,268 children under five, have received support in wet feeding sites. Nutrition Cluster partners have received $36,465,973 out of the $115,297,981 requested for in the 2013 appeal; funding gap stands at $78,832,008 (68.4%). The Nutrition Cluster team conducted three Nutrition in Emergencies trainings targeting 103 participants from the Ministry of Health, local NGOs, INGOs, Observers and UN agencies in Central South Somalia, Puntland and Somaliland. 2 This target is conservative as incidence calculations are based on UNDP 2005 population figures, which are out-of-date. 3 The Cluster cumulative figure is higher than UNICEF s by 472 based on reports from a few partners not directly funded by UNICEF. 4 Reporting rate stands at 96% 3

4 UNICEF Programme Response Health CCC 2: Campaign and community based interventions # of children aged 0-59 months vaccinated against polio through campaigns CCC 3: Access to essential health services HEALTH UNICEF Health Cluster 5 Target Progress % Target Progress % 2,731,724 5,072, % # of outpatient consultations for children under 5 600, ,162 81% # of children under five treated for diarrhea 50,000 69, % # of children under five treated for pneumonia 35,000 29,992 86% # of children receiving DPT3 vaccination through routine services # of women attending their first Antenatal Care visit # of facilities-based deliveries at Maternal and Child Health centres CCC 5: Access to essential household items 341,008 92,519 27% 250, ,818 69% 30,000 39, % # of families receiving two ITNs 825, The Health Cluster indicators differ from the UNICEF ones e.g. UNICEF has separate indicators for diarrhea and measles, while the Health Cluster indicators combine diarrhea, measles and pneumonia, making a comparison impossible. 6 Progress is much higher than target; with a viewing to halting the spread of the current polio outbreak, multiple rounds of vaccinations have been carried out on the same population. 4

5 According to partner reports submitted for January - June , UNICEF supported a total of 318 MCHs in Somalia; 184 in Central South Zone; 78 in North West Zone; and 56 in North East Zone. In addition, UNICEF supported 571 Health Posts in Somalia; 323 in Central South Zone; 155 in North West Zone; and 93 in North East Zone. A milestone worth mentioning for the reporting period, is the introduction of the Pentavalent vaccine on April 24, 2013, replacing DPT vaccine. In the same month, World Malaria Day was celebrated across Somalia the theme for 2013 was Invest in our Future. Defeat Malaria. The commemoration was spearheaded by the National Malaria Control Programme and partners. Since May when the first case of Wild Polio Virus was detected in Somalia, a total of 41 cases have been confirmed; 36 cases are in 12 districts of Banadir region (Abdul Aziz, Karan, Hama Jabjab, Heliwa, Hodan, Hamarweyne, Danyile, Dharkenley, Waberi, Wardegly, Madina and Yaqsid ); 4 cases in 4 districts of Lower Shabelle (Afgoi, Brava, Marka and Qoryooley); and 1 case in Bay region (Burhakaba) as of July. To date 5,072,182 children under five have been vaccinated against Polio. The campaigns conducted to date have only reached the accessible districts in Central South Zone. With 27 districts not being accessible (See Annex 1 for Accessibility Map) and additional security constraints for UN personnel, concerted efforts and negotiations are underway to ensure coverage in the inaccessible areas through the implementation of a health-facility based strategy in partnership with local NGOs and with the endorsement of local clan leaders. During the reporting period, a total of 1,089,000 Long Lasting Insecticide-Treated Nets (LLITNs) were distributed by UNICEF partners, representing 66% of the planned target. Most of the nets were distributed in Central South Somalia (Gedo, Merka, Banadir,Bay and Luuq regions) while 200,000 nets targeted the malaria pocket areas in North West Somalia. A total of 513 health facilities had their malaria treatment and diagnostic capacity strengthened. Of these, 491 were monitored during the reporting period and none had registered stock-outs. 7 Reporting rate stands at 88% 5

6 UNICEF Programme Response WASH CCC 2: Water supply WASH UNICEF CLUSTER Target Progress % Target Progress % # of people with new, sustained access to safe water 347, ,481 40% 1,450, ,086 26% # of people accessing safe water through temporary means including chlorination; operation and maintenance; water trucking; vouchers; and household water treatment 422, ,670 36% 1,950, ,519 23% CCC 3: Sanitation # of people with new access to sanitation facilities 171, ,984 77% 2,165, ,424 13% # of villages declared Open Defecation Free % % CCC 4: Hygiene Promotion # of people with means to practice good hygiene and household water treatment through water filters or purifiers, jerry cans, aqua tabs, etc. CCC 5: WASH in schools 414, ,926 35% 2,662, ,264 8% 8 # of children benefitting from WASH facilities in their schools 38,850 3,140 8% # of people benefitting from WASH facilities in health/nutrition centres 210,000 35,530 17% 8 The Cluster figure does not include Household Water Treatment, which falls under temporary water interventions. 6

7 Since January 2013, 138,481 people have gained access to water through the UNICEF-supported construction or rehabilitation of water supply systems. More precisely, 42 shallow wells with hand pumps constructed; eight boreholes rehabilitated; seven berkads constructed; one water yard (mini water system) including a borehole with distribution network and water kiosks rehabilitated; and 15 shallow wells upgraded into water yards. In addition to the above, an estimated 153,670 people have received and/or continue to receive access to safe water through UNICEF-supported temporary water supplies such as mass chlorination, water vouchering, and/or support for operations and maintenance of water supplies. More specifically this includes 12,770 people reached through water vouchering, an estimated 61,000 beneficiaries for support to operations and maintenance of water systems and 80,000 people reached through the chlorination of water supplies. The total number of people gaining access to water through longer-term water systems and temporary water supplies is an estimated 292,151 people. Since January 2013, UNICEF-supported sanitation related interventions have benefitted approximately 130,984 people through the construction and or rehabilitation of 2,355 sanitation facilities. This includes the construction of 29 new institutional latrines, 1,556 emergency latrines, and 418 new household latrines. A further 42,820 IDPs regained access to sanitation facilities through the desludging of 1,628 overflowing latrines for IDPs in Mogadishu. For hygiene related activities, since January 2013, approximately 145,926 people have benefitted from Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage interventions. A further 56,940 people in Buale, Ceel-waq, Abudwaq, Merka, Dolow, Jowhar and Mogadishu have received hygiene related supplies such as household water treatment disinfectants, soap and jerry cans through the network of 10 regional supply hubs spread across Central South Somalia. As evidenced in the table above, the WASH Cluster is not on track to meet its targets as a result of the low level of funding received in the first 6 months of coupled with security and logistical constraints. There is need to reinforce the funding strategy to meet the needs as highlighted in the CAP Despite constraints faced, the WASH Cluster Response Plan seems to be correctly adapted to the situation. The new Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD) response strategy may have been a factor in the reduced AWD and cholera outbreaks during the Gu rains, which started in April. Other factors for the reduced outbreaks include increased access to sustained sources of safe water and improved hygiene practices, a result of the Somalia-specific emergency hygiene promotion package. This package is part of a participatory approach, and is also used in Nutrition/Health Centres, schools, IDP settlements and communities. WASH Cluster success interventions have relied on: a network of Regional Clusters that meet regularly and address the needs and gaps in Acute Watery Diarrhea and cholera prevention and response; a network of 10 Regional Supply Hubs enabling access to life-saving emergency WASH supplies in a timely manner; a network of District focal points for AWD/cholera and flooding, coordinating emergency response at a District level; and regularly updated maps facilitating response gap identification per district for both sustained and temporary access to water. 9 Despite the decrease from $122,000,000 to $90,000,000 following the CAP mid-year revision, the WASH Cluster has only secured 31% funding. 7

8 UNICEF Programme Response CHILD PROTECTION CCC 3: Key child protection mechanisms strengthened # of children accessing child-friendly community centres CCC 4: Separation of children from families prevented and addressed CHILD PROTECTION UNICEF CLUSTER Target Progress % Target Progress % 10, # of UASC identified, registered and in familybased care or appropriate alternative 1, % CCC 5: Violence, exploitations and abuse prevented and addressed # of survivors of GBV assisted 5, % # of violations identified and resolved by Community-Based Child Protection Committees 1, % # of referrals made by Community-Based Child Protection Committees CCC 6: Psychosocial support is provided to children and their caregivers # of children and caregivers received psychosocial support and care CCC 7: Child recruitment and use addressed and prevented # of former CAAFG and children/minors at risk of recruitment enrolled in reintegration programmes 1,200 1, % 30,000 1,068 3% 1, % CCC 8: Impact of landmines addressed # children reached with Mine Risk Education 40,000 17,040 43% 8

9 Despite commitments by the Federal Government of Somalia, grave child rights violations persist in most parts of Somalia. Reporting on grave child rights violations continues to be significantly impeded by lack of access to affected populations as well as movement restrictions especially in Central South Somalia. As a result, the ability of the United Nations and other stakeholders to carry out monitoring, reporting and response activities is seriously hampered. A total of 1,213 grave violations 10 against children (affecting 899 boys and 94 girls) were reported and verified in the second quarter of 2013 compared to 552 (affecting 376 boys 55 girls) in the first quarter. During the second quarter, there were more abductions, which occurred during security operations. Analysis by gender during the reporting period conforms to past trends where male victims outnumbered their female counterparts. In addition, children continue to bear the burden of conflict and to be victims of abuses and grave violations of their rights, including through accidental injury and death as a result of Unexploded Ordnances (UXO). Children and their families suffer from social deprivation and harsh living conditions worsened by mass displacement and are often caught up in sporadic inter-clan clashes and fighting between various armed groups and forces, resulting in the destruction of basic infrastructures and services including educational and health facilities. In response, UNICEF continues to provide support to national partners in Somalia in the implementation of the rehabilitation programme, which pursues a strategy of inclusive community-based reintegration, aiming at reaching children formerly recruited by armed forces/groups as well as those at risk of being recruited. From January to June 2013, 110 children (65 boys and 45 girls) have been enrolled back into formal education while 640 children (518 boys and 122 girls) have been enrolled in vocational training. Sexual violence against women and girls is one of the worst and most prevalent consequences of the on-going conflict. Gender-based violence, particularly sexual violence, remains extremely high in Central South Somalia. Women and girls as young as two years old are targeted for sexual violence and rape, particularly through armed attacks on IDP settlements in Mogadishu. Rapes with multiple perpetrators are regular. Impunity and injustice for perpetrators are overwhelming, and survivors of rape do not receive justice. The main groups of perpetrators are state and non-state armed men, survivors of violence are afraid of identifying who the perpetrators are as they are frequently subjected to retaliation, with armed perpetrators moving in and out of the same IDP settlements. While senior Federal Government of Somalia representatives up to the President s level are reiterating their commitment to end violence against women and girls, including the President s statement in this regard, few steps to arrest perpetrators are seen in practice. 10 The number of affected children may be less than the total violations since one child can be victim to more than one violation. The breakdown by sex indicates affected children. 9

10 UNICEF Programme Response EDUCATION CCC 2: Quality education opportunities # of primary school-aged children accessing emergency education (wherever possible combined with essential health, nutrition, WASH services in schools). EDUCATION UNICEF CLUSTER Target Progress % Target Progress % 300, ,291 72% 600, , % # of children benefitting from school supplies 300, ,433 49% 600, ,745 26% # of Communities Education Committee members trained 9,184 4,671 51% 4,000 2,645 66% # of children participating in Child to Child clubs 47,700 1,376 3% # of children that receive at least one hygiene education session , # of teachers that receive at least one hygiene education session 8, ,372 # of CEC members that receive at least one hygiene education session 9, ,061 # of teachers receiving training 7, % 12,000 4,152 35% # of teachers receiving monthly incentives 7,061 2,393 34% 6,000 5,249 87% # of regional education clusters established and supported CCC 3: Safe and secure learning environments % % # of classrooms rehabilitated % % # of classrooms constructed % % 11 The increase has been attributed to school meals provided by WFP in Somaliland, Puntland, Galgadud and Gedo. 12 Hygiene education is planned for the new academic year starting September 2013, in collaboration with WASH; progress on all related activities is therefore zero. 10

11 The first National Education Conference for Somalia was held after two decades of war in Mogadishu from 18 to 20 June A total of 220 participants from across Somalia, including Al-Shabaab controlled areas, comprising Government representatives; academicians; members of the Diaspora; local and international development partners; Private Education Umbrellas; and religious leaders attended. Deliberations and discussions focused on five thematic areas namely, Education Governance; Access to Education; Quality of Education; Higher Education; and Youth Education. Participants committed to implementing the recommendations arising from the conference, in the determination that the Education Sector be Somali-led for the greater benefit of the people and to ensure that it promotes Somali culture, religion and values. The strong commitment to education by the Somali people, demonstrated through this National Conference, was reinforced by the Prime Minister committing to allocating equal funding to education as for security. The 317 UNICEF-supported schools under the Fast Track Peace Building, Education and Advocacy initiative closed for the summer vacation at the end of June 2013, with enrolment reaching 150,000 children, including 63,000 girls, by the closure of the 2012/13 academic year. Through the Programme, UNICEF and partners have provided on-the-job training in school management, governance, community and resource mobilization, peace building and conflict resolution to 2,914 (34% female) Community Education Committee members; monthly incentives to 2,238 vulnerable teachers (26% female) from these schools and 1,341 teachers (25% female) have undergone training on child-centred teaching methodologies. A total of 47 temporary classrooms and 46 permanent classrooms have been rehabilitated/constructed with separate latrines for girls and boys, safe water and hygiene facilities enabling over 7,000 children including 43% girls access to child friendly learning environments, mostly in the newly accessible areas of Banadir, Bay, Gedo, Banadir, Hiran, Lower and Middle Shabelle regions and a few in emergency schools in Banadir, Lower Shabelle and Galgadud regions. Additionally, 63 new child to child clubs have been established and 1,111 children are fully engaged in school and extra-curricular activities. At the Directorate of Education, EMIS - Education Management Information System has been established, equipped, and is functional; staff have been trained in data collection and analysis. UNICEF has also supported the Directorate to conduct a school census in 16 districts of Banadir; data was collected from 377 schools and data entry and analysis is underway. This marks the beginning of institutionalised data management and storage at the Directorate of Education and data collection is planned to be extended to other regions of Central South Somalia when schools re-open in September Education supplies consisting of school-in-a-box, replenishment kits, recreation kits and textbooks were distributed to 391 schools benefiting 146,433 children (42% girls). The Education Sector is experiencing huge funding gaps as the CAP is only 15% funded. There is urgent need to reinforce the funding strategy to consolidate gains made in 2012 prior to the start of the new academic year in September 2013.The funding gap becomes even more critical when we consider the high recognition of UNICEF in the Education Sector. The Federal Government of Somalia has requested for direct support in terms of placing one million children in school over the next three years, which has led to the development of the Go-to-School initiative, aligned to the UNICEF resilience strategy. 11

12 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is an international household survey developed by UNICEF. It provides up-to-date information on the situation of children and women and measures key indicators that allow countries to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other internationally agreed upon commitments. The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey for North East and North West Somalia was conducted in 2011 in close collaboration with the Ministries of National Planning and Development in Somaliland and the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Puntland as part of the fourth global round of MICS surveys (MICS4). The preliminary results for Somaliland were launched by the Minister of National Planning and Development on 29 June 2013 in Hargeisa in a meeting attended by over 60 officials and guests from key line ministries; Parliament; UN agencies; universities; local and international NGOs; community leaders; and the media. The planning process for the launch in Puntland is currently underway. During the launch in Somaliland, the Minister asked all the partners to use the results to address the challenges facing the country, especially high mortality rates for children under five, low immunization rates and poor breastfeeding practices. In addition, it was noted that less than half (42%) of the population has access to safe drinking water, especially in rural areas where the percentage is further reduced to 17. The meeting also strongly emphasised the need to increase school enrolment. Communications for Development (C4D) The Polio campaign was launched across the country. In CSZ, where the virus was first detected, consistent high level advocacy initiatives have been implemented with the President and Cabinet being fully involved in the response. The use of mass media through engagement of 25 radio stations reaching about 200,000 has been intensified. Hamoud Telecom Company is partnering with UNICEF to send out mass education and awareness messages. Through the Interpersonal Communication Strategy, 2,500 community mobilisers across the three zones of Somalia have been identified to conduct house-to-house mobilization. Based on positive experience from UNICEF Pakistan, a flip chart is being developed to aid community mobilisers conduct effective dialogues. UNICEF supported the Malaria Programme in the on-going revision of the Behaviour Change Strategy; in the development of the training manual for community mobilisers; and the user-friendly grain sacks with malaria messages for use by the community mobilisers during community dialogues. In Somaliland and Puntland, partnerships with two religious associations, namely IHSAN Religious Leaders Network and International Horn University, were established to create community awareness on Child and Maternal Health respectively. Both organisations are expected to reach at least 200 households with identified MCH key messages that are linked to the Koran. In partnership with two NGOs, namely Kon Media Corp (KMC) and Puntland Students Consultancy Association (PSCA) UNICEF worked closely with school health clubs in 20 schools (10 in Somaliland and 10 in Puntland) on awareness creation for immunization, nutrition and hygiene education. Supply and Logistics The total value of supplies ordered in support of UNICEF programmes amounts to $10,710,069. The Supply and Logistics operation in Somalia remains challenging. Limited local procurement options are available within Somalia; therefore almost all programme supplies are delivered from off-shore. In addition, as a result of lack of international container shipping and airlines with direct calls in Somalia, most off-shore supplies have to be transported through third countries, with ensuing cost and lead-time implications. Poor transport infrastructure, high insecurity, limited logistics service providers and poor warehousing conditions, all contribute to increased risks and logistical costs. In a bid to address some of the above challenges, a Supply Chain Review through an external consultancy and a market survey inside Somalia and in the UAE to identify more local/regional supply sources and thus reduce costs and lead-times are planned. 12

13 Human Resources # Additional staff needs for humanitarian programme # Additional staff currently in country # Additional staff funded but not yet in country # Additional staff not funded Total # of Country Office staff pre-emergency: 278 Funding Total UNICEF Funding Needs 155,750,577 Received 23% Security In many areas of the country, access remains restrictive; access to areas not under the direct control of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) forces remains problematic with large proportions of the rural areas being subject to non-state actor influence and control. Whilst the security situation in Somaliland and Puntland remains relatively calm and stable, Central South, and in particular Mogadishu, has witnessed a significant deterioration. In Mogadishu non-state actors continue to demonstrate their offensive capabilities with regular attacks against AMISOM, the Somali National forces and Government premises. Many of the attacks and targeted assassinations using small arms, hand grenades and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have been largely ineffective although two recent attacks on mobile international diplomatic convoys utilizing Suicide Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive (SVBIED) have demonstrated a worrying change in tactics. If this trend continues it may have significant implications for travel throughout city. Other mass casualty incidents including the complex attack at the Harmaweyne Regional Court on 14 April demonstrate that they retain the operational capability and manpower to both plan and execute high profile mass casualty operations within the capital. This capability was further demonstrated when non-state actor combatants attacked and infiltrated the UN compound in Mogadishu on 19 June. Initially ramming the compound gates with a VBIED, the explosion and resulting damage allowed fighters to enter the compound. The resulting fire-fight left several dead including a UNDP staff member, a number of international contractors, Somali guards and civilians. Funding Funding Requirements (against CAP Appeal as at 30/06/2013) Requirements Funds received* Funding gap Appeal Sector $ % Nutrition 34,614,728 14,892,863 19,721,865 57% Health 36,443,127 4,500,493 31,942,634 88% WASH 19,333,682 6,976,756 12,356,926 64% Child Protection 10,497,567 5,196,499 5,301,068 50% Education 16,479,717 2,532,002 13,947,715 85% Cash Based Response 38,381,756 1,888,593 36,493,163 95% Total 155,750,577 35,987, ,763,371 77% * Funds received does not include pledges For further information, please contact Sikander Khan Foroogh Foyouzat Sarah Ng inja Oscar Butragueno Representative Deputy Representative Donor Relations Chief Field Operations UNICEF Somalia UNICEF Somalia UNICEF Somalia UNICEF Somalia sikhan@unicef.org ffoyouzat@unicef.org snginja@unicef.org obutragueno@unicef.org 13