Spoofing and Denial of Service: A risk to the decentralized Internet
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1 Spoofing and Denial of Service: A risk to the decentralized Internet DDoS: The real story with BCP38 Tom Paseka GPF 2017
2 Global Network 2017 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 2
3 Content Neutral 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 3
4 Daily Attacks 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 4
5 We have to solve attacks 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 5
6 Record Breaking Attacks Nickname Type Volume SNMP Amp SNMP Amplification/Reflection 80Gbps Spamhaus DNS Amplification/Reflection 300Gbps "Winter of Attacks" Direct 400Gbps IoT Direct 500Gbps Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 6
7 Most big attacks have a few things in common 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 7
8 Flood of IP Packets 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 8
9 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 9
10 Spoofing Enables Impersonation 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 10
11 Spoofing? Why is spoofing an issue? This is my good friend Walt Wollny Let s say, he was assaulted, but it was by masked assailant Without removing the mask, there can t be legal retribution 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 11
12 May 2000: BCP Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 12
13 Caida Spoofer Stats Updated: Feb Source: Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 13
14 Filter close to the source 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 14
15 IP Spoofing: Enables Impersonation Isn t solved 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 15
16 IP Spoofing 1. Tracing back is impossible 2. Allows sophisticated attacks 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 16
17 IP Spoofing 1. Tracing back is impossible 2. Allows sophisticated attacks 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 17
18 Where did the attack come from? 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 18
19 Identifying interfaces 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 19
20 Identifying interfaces 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 20
21 What s on the other side of the Cable? 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 21
22 1. Direct Peering 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 22
23 2. IXP / Internet Exchange Point 3. Transit Provider 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 23
24 2. IXP / Internet Exchange Point 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 24
25 2. IXP / Internet Exchange Point?.?.?.? 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 25
26 3. Transit Provider Src ip = Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 26
27 3. Transit Provider??? Src ip = ??? / Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 27
28 Lack of Attribution 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 28
29 IP Spoofing 1. Tracing back is impossible 2. Allows sophisticated attacks 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 29
30 Amplification 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 30
31 March 2013: Spamhaus 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 31
32 Amplification is relatively easy to block. If you have the bandwidth. (few networks can absorb hundreds of Gbps) Block on firewall: src UDP/53 > deny Internet is fighting amplification sources: openresolverproject.org openntpproject.org 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 32
33 Source IP Addresses??? Src ip = ??? / Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 33
34 Source IP Addresses Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 34
35 Source IP Addresses 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 35
36 Source IP Addresses 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 36
37 Dealing with Attacks 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 37
38 Null Routing 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 38
39 Null Routing Probably the simplest way to deal with an attack You instruct your ISP not to route traffic for a single host, or a series of hosts in your network Except, you ve just let the attacker win If you null route your service, you ve taken it offline. Perhaps you have an advanced system and can quickly renumber, but the attacker can update their attack too 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 39
40 The only way to stay online is to absorb the attack 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 40
41 Receive and Process 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 41
42 Centralization 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 42
43 Solution? 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 43
44 Technical solutions to IP Spoofing have failed 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 44
45 Don t just solve the IP Spoofing 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 45
46 Don t just solve the IP Spoofing solve the attribution! 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 46
47 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 47
48 Netflow Opensource Toolsets are great Scales very well Privacy Concerns? This is very very simple data Rotate (delete) logs every few days Use a high sampling rate. 1/16, Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 48
49 Netflow H/W vendors must get better Netflow v9 supports src/dst MAC Which vendor supports it? Photo: The Simpsons/FOX 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 49
50 NetFlow It is EMBARRASING that a transit provider doesn t know where packets ingress their networks It s even more embarrassing that service providers who have NetFlow equipment, be it open sourced / in house or provided by a vendor don t know how to use it It s also EMBARRASING that hardware vendors don t support full NetFlow v9 This needs to be resolved now 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 50
51 This is the first step 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 51
52 Attribution allows informed discussion 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 52
53 DDoS Causes centralization 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 53
54 To fix DDoS we need attribution 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 54
55 To make the internet better for everyone 2016 Cloudflare Inc. All rights reserved. 55
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