Readings are found on Google Sciences Po s website unless they are already accessible electronically through the library website:

Transcription

1 THE ETHICS OF WAR Professeur(s) : Ariel COLONOMOS Année universitaire 2016/2017 : Semestre d automne COURSE DESCRIPTION Readings are found on Google Sciences Po s website unless they are already accessible electronically through the library website: Videos documentaries, fictions will be shown as short illustrations during some of the classes. Required reading Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, New York, Basic Books, (numerous re-editions) COURSE SESSION Week 1 : Why war? Humanity and war Why do armies fight? What kind of wars? What is total war? The different modes of explanation (anthropology, sociology, economics) The security dilemma Realism vs. Idealism Azar Gat, War in Human Civilization, Oxford University Press, 2006, See Part I Warfare in the First Two Million Years: Environment, Genes and Culture, Chapter 5 Motivation: the Web of Desire, p Sigmund Freud, Why War?, available at: Hans Morgenthau, Politics among Nations, McGraw Hill, 1993 (1st ed.1948). See Chapter 3 Political power, p /2016 1

2 Bronislaw Malinowski, "An Anthropological Analysis of War", American Journal of Sociology, vol. 46, no. 4, Jan. 1941, p Jack Levy, "War and Peace", in Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse, and Beth A. Simmons (eds.),the Handbook of International Relations, Sage, p Thucydides, Melian Debate, in The Peloponnesian War (Penguin) Book 5: paras Week 2 : Why Ethics? Wanton destruction? Can warriors show restraint? Do they? If so, to what extent? Natural ethics? A process of civilization? Principled ethics / consequentialism / virtue ethics Democracies and war Can war be humanized? The rules of war and their purposes The fog of war in asymmetrical warfare Ward Thomas, The Ethics of Destruction Norms and Force in International Relations, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2002: Chapter I Ethics, Norms and the Study of International Relations, p.1-26 Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process, Vol. II. State Formation and Civilization, Blackwell, 1982, Chapter 1, p Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, Basic Books, See Chapter 3 The Rules of War,p Week 3: The cultural and religious roots of war ethics Nature / culture The cultural and religious foundations of the justification of the use of force Judaism Virtue ethics and stoic warriors : a matter of education, training and socialization? Islam Why is the role of Christianity foundational in the ethics of war? Michael Walzer, Chapter 10 Commanded and Permitted Wars, in M. Walzer (ed.), Law, Politics and Morality in Judaism, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2006 and Chapter 11 Prohibited Wars. John Kelsay, Arguing the Just War in Islam, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2007, Chapter 2, p Week 4: The just war tradition: jus ad bellum Jus ad bellum What is self-defense? 30.08/2016 2

3 St Thomas Aquinas: Grotius, On the Law of War and Peace De Jure Belli ac Pacis Libri Tres, See: Book II, Chapter 1, The Causes of War: First, Defense or Self and Property and Book II Chapter XXIII On Doubtful Causes of War. Full text online available at: The UN Charter: Richard Norman, Ethics, Killing and War, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, See Chapter IV Killing in self-defense, p Week 5: The just war tradition: jus in bellum Jus in bello International Humanitarian Law the Geneva Conventions Inhumane killing: chemical weapons, landmines, cluster bombs and the like The Doctrine of Double Effect Measuring unnecessary suffering Firing procedures Judith Gardam, Necessity, Proportionality and the Use of Force by States, Cambridge University Press, See Chapter 1 The Place of Necessity and Proportionality in Restraints on the Forceful Actions of States, p.1-27 Gentili, De Iure Belli Libri Tres, See Book II, Chapter VI Of Poisoning and Book II, Chapter VII Of Arms and Counterfeit Arms American Rules of Engagement (ROE) in Iraq. See and check in Legal Lessons Learned from Afghanistan and Iraq, Vol. 1, Center for Law and Military Operations The Judge Advocate General Legal Center and School United States Army Charlottesville, Virginia. Available at International Committee of the Red Cross: Viewing: video document ICRC Week 6: The ethics of humanitarian intervention and beyond Who is saving whom? Morality and legality Caring for the other? Martha Finnemore, Chapter 5 Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention, in Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.), The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, New York, Columbia University 30.08/2016 3

4 Press, Available on CIAO (follow: books, Columbia University Press), Tom Farer, Humanitarian Intervention before and after 9/11: Legality and Legitimacy, in J.L. Holzgrefe and Robert Keohane (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p Week 7: Justifying preventive war The Just War Tradition and preventive wars What is just fear? Preemption and prevention Allan Buchanan, Robert Keohane, The Preventive Use of Force: a Cosmopolitan Institutional Perspective, Ethics and International Affairs, vol. 18 n. 1, winter 2004, p Ariel Colonomos, War in the Face of Doubt: Early Modern Classics and the Preventive Use of Force, in Stefano Recchia, Jennifer Welsh (eds.), Just and Unjust Military Intervention: European Thinkers from Vitoria to Mill, Cambridge, Cambridge University Pres, 2013, p Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, See Chapter 5 Anticipations, p John Yoo, Using Force, University of Chicago Law Review, 71, 3, spring 2004, pp Viewing: Minority Report (Spielberg) Week 8 : Targeted killings and drone warfare Israeli policy and US strikes Targeted killings / political assassinations A license to kill? Preventive or punitive? Illegal, immoral? Virtue ethics and drone warfare Steven David, Israel s Policy of Targeted Killing, Ethics and International Affairs, 2003, vol. 17,n.1, p Yael Stein, By Any Name Illegal and Immoral, Ethics and International Affairs, 2003, vol. 17, n.1, Claire Finkelstein, Jens Ohlin, Andrew Altman (eds.), Targeted Killings Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012, chapters 6 and /2016 4

5 Speech by Harold Koh (introduction), Legal Advisor, U.S. Dept. of State, to American Society for International Law, 25 March 2010, fense_measures_harold_koh_explains_foreign_us_combat P.Z. Shah, My Drone War, Foreign Policy, March/April 2012, available online at Antonio Cassese, On Some Merits of the Israeli Judgment on Targeted Killings, Viewing: Munich (Spielberg), Homeland (Season 4), Eye in the Sky (2015) Week 9: Prisoners of war Unlawful Combatants - Terrorism Establishing a fair treatment of POWs Reciprocity The exchange of prisoners The torture debate The terrorism debate On prisoners, hostages and slaves What are unlawful combatants and what are the rights given to those who are categorized as such? What ought to be the rights of those combatants who do not fight within regular armies and do not abide by IHL? Niall Ferguson, Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat, War in History, (2), p Michael Ignatieff, Democracy and the Lesser Evil, in The Lesser Evil Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2004, Chapter 2 On the Hannibal procedure (Israel): Ariel Colonomos, Hostage Dilemmas, Haaretz, Sept. 11th 2014 Viewing: Homeland (HBO, Season 1) Week 10: The ethics of intelligence - The ethics of intelligence Asymmetrical warfare On ruse and treachery The ethics of spying Informants for what? The costs of intelligence The epistemic foundations of the justification of the use of force 30.08/2016 5

6 Tony Pfaff, Jeffrey Tiel, The Ethics of Espionage, The Journal of Military Ethics, 2004, 3, 1, p.1-15 Week 11: Reparations Post-bellum Vae victis? Versailles Jus post-bellum Putting a tag on human lives Assessing suffering: the role of lawyers and historians Gary Bass, Jus post-bellum, Philosophy & Public Affairs, Autumn 2004, issue 4, p Niall Ferguson, The Pity of war. London, Penguin, On Versailles reparations: How (not) to pay for the war, p John Torpey, Making Whole What Has Been Smashed - Reflection on Reparations, Journal of Modern History, 73 (2), June 2001, p Week 12 : Final exam COURSE REQUIREMENTS A final written exam for the course at the end of the semester (session 12): one third of the grade A grade for the conférence de méthode (small group seminar you will attend in parallel to the course): two thirds of the grade BIBLIOGRAPHY Kwame Anthony Appiah, The Honor Code: Moral Revolutions Happen, New York, W. W. Norton, 2010 Chris Brown, Universal Human Rights: A Critique, in Tim Dunne and N. Wheeler, eds., Human Rights in Global Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p Ariel Colonomos, Moralizing International Relations Calling to Account, New York, Palgrave, 2008 Ariel Colonomos, The Gamble of War Is it Possible to Justify Preventive War, New York, Palgrave, 2013 Yoram Dinstein, The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004 Jack Donnelly, The Ethics of Realism, in The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York, Oxford University Press, 2009, p Jonathan Glover, Humanity a Moral History of the Twentieth Century, New Haven, Yale University Press, /2016 6

7 J. Goldsmith, S. D. Krasner, The Limits of Idealism, Daedalus, winter 2003, vol. 132 n. 1, p Gentili, De Iure Belli Libri Tres, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1933 Grotius, On the Laws of War and Peace De Jure Belli ac Pacis Libri Tres, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1925 Anthony Hartle, Moral Issues in Military Decision Making, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004 Pierre Hassner (ed.), Justifying War? From Humanitarian Intervention to Counterterrorism, New York, Palgrave, 2009 Robert Holmes, War and Morality, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1989 Michael Ignatieff, The Lesser Evil Political Ethics in the Age of Terror, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2004 Michael Ignatieff, Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2001 Larry May (ed.), Morality, Jus Post Bellum, and International Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2012 Joseph Nye, Nuclear Ethics, New York, Free Press, 1986 Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature Why Violence Has Declined, London, Penguin, 2012 Stefano Recchia, Jennifer Welsh (eds.), Just and Unjust Military Intervention: European Thinkers from Vitoria to Mill, Cambridge, Cambridge University Pres, 2013 Nancy Sherman, Stoic Warriors: The Ancient Philosophy Behind the Military Mind, Oxford University Press, 2007 Thucydides, Melian Debate, in The Peloponnesian War (Penguin) Book 5: paras Ward Thomas, The Ethics of Destruction Norms and Force in International Relations, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2002 Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, New York, Basic Books, 1992 (1st ed. 1977) 30.08/2016 7