A GUIDE TO THE PAPERS OF VERMONT'S GOVERNORS

Transcription

1 A GUIDE TO THE PAPERS OF VERMONT'S GOVERNORS Compiled by Julie P. Cox State Papers of Vermont Volume Eighteen Secretary of State James H. Douglas 1985

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3 CONTENTS Note to the Reader Foreword Introduction Index Abbreviations and Special Symbols Governors' Papers v vii xi xiii xv 1 Appendix I: Appendix II: Repositories Statistics Appendix III: Definitions Bibliography iii -

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5 A NOTE TO THE READER Here is a remarkable product of ingenuity and industry--the first comprehensive, authoritative index to the papers of Vermont Governors. pick a name. Follow the trace to the repository, and read the letters, the proclamations, the record of former administrations. Then you will know the value of this compilation. Then you will see how fortunate we are to be citizens of Vermont, to have attracted persons of such diversity and integrity to the position of Chief Executive and to have committed such resources and energies to the preservation of their records. Eighty-seven years after Vermont declared itself free and independent, the General Assembly, by joint resolution, first declared that the official correspondence of all former Governors was the property of the State. The Secretary of State was directed to procure that correspondence and to file and deposit it as a permanent archive of the State of Vermont. J.R. 94, This effort continues even today. The papers of Governor John Abner Mead ( ), for instance, joined the archives of other Governors during the summer of 1985, as this index was being prepared. The official papers of Governor Richard A. Snelling ), deposited in the archives in January of this year as Vermont's four-term Governor retired, are currently being processed. This index reflects a change in archival policy for Vermont. Not too many years ago, we thought that the best way to preserve archives was to publish them. The last twenty-two volumes of State Papers, principally pre-1800 legislative records, are a living monument to this philosophy. But here is an index to archives. More akin to the first volume of State Papers, Franklin Dewart's Index to the Papers of the Surveyors-General (1918), it does not attempt to transfer edited versions of primary documents from manuscript to printed form; rather, it leads the researcher to those documents, tantalizing us with the possibilities of discovery and revelation that may be found within them. Vermont history is a subject of growing interest to many people, but the amount of research and writing on Vermont history is surprisingly modest. We have attracted good and great historians to the subject, but most of the field is pristine. Much of the material covered by this index has never been reviewed, read, or appreciated by anyone since the Governor who generated it last touched it. If archival fertility is a stimulus for historical fecundity, we are about to enter the golden age of Vermont history. James H. Douglas Secretary of State - v -

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7 FOREWORD D. Gregory Sanford State Archivist Vermont governors, and the Vermont governorship, have long remained outside the pale of historical studies. Few governors are accorded scholarly treatises on either their tenure or their lives. Fewer studies are conducted on the evolution yf the executive branch within the framework of Vermont state governmen t. The most frequent avenue of study of the office is political, rather than administrative history or biography. The crisis of governance that led to the success of the Anti-Masons, the break up of the Whigs, the discrediting of the Democrats, and the emergence of the Republicans is frequently illustrated by the failure of gubernatorial candidates to achieve the constitutionally mandated majority vote in fourteen of twenty- four elections between 1830 and In a similar vein, the unbroken succession of Republican governors between 1854 and 1962 is used to indicate that party's dominance in Vermont. The most common focus of research on the governorship is to explain the "mountain rule. II Stated in its simplest terms, the rule, an informal understanding religiously observed by the electorate, apportioned statewide offices between the two sides of the Green Mountains. The mountain rule existed in various forms from the days of the Republic when it was originally observed to assure political balance between western Vermont and the then more populous east. Though the rule pre-dated the Republican Party, it is closely associated with the party's success in mitigating factionalism. The rule, by restricting the pool of candidates for any given year to a particular geographic area and, in the case of some offices, placing a temporal limit upon the tenure of an incumbent, allowed a fluidity within the party that encouraged orderly participation in electoral politics. The governorship, particularly under the Republicans, offers a striking illustration of the rule's effect. Prior to the adoption of biennial elections in 1870, a governor would serve two one year terms before relinquishing the office to a Republican from the opposite side of the state. After 1870 governors served one two year term before leaving the office forever. Variations occurred over time, notably after the 1927 flood when the incumbent was accorded a second two year term, creating an instant two term "tradition." A corollary to this change, at least until the 1960' s, was that the lieutenant governorship became the penultimate office for candidates with gubernatorial ambitions (see Appendix II). Even political studies of the office rarely venture beyond the above topics. In part this is a consequence of the perception of the governorship as an honorific post awarded to party panjandrums in recognition of a successful business career. Governor John G. McCullough, a successful railroad man and - vii -

8 businessman, noted in his 1902 inaugural address that, "In Vermont the Governor is the titular head of the State. He is expected to represent her at public functions. His duties, unless in some great national crisis or convulsion, are neither many nor arduous." Certainly those governors who served under the two year stricture were constrained in what they could accomplish. It should be noted, however, that throughout early statehood the governorship was perceived to be of the highest political importance. Thomas Chittenden's long tenure had an impact on the Republic and the state, while two early U.S. Senators from Vermont, Isaac Tichenor and Israel Smith, resigned from the Senate to become governor. Until the mid-nineteenth century, it was not uncommon for governors to have served previously in the U.S. House of Representatives. The governorship rarely served as a direct stepping stone to further political office. Only Moses Robinson ( ) and George Aiken ( ) stepped directly from the governorship to the U.S. Senate. John Weeks ( ) and Robert Stafford ( ) were the only governors to directly accede to the U.S. House of Representatives. In contrast, the speakership of the Vermont House was, for years, a launching pad for political ambitions, particularly in terms of the judiciary. Consequently political historians have generally ignored the executive office and those who served in it. Another factor weighing against studies of the office is the long-standing perception of Vermont government as de-centralized, based in large measure upon town governments and a citizen legislature. Governors, as noted above, were viewed as figure heads. In reality, Vermont is one of the most ~entralized states in the nation, and has been since the late nineteenth century. Gubernatorial responsibilities expanded with the changing structures of Vermont governance. The accelerating centralization of government during the late nineteenth century brought greater control over finances and services to the state government in general. As government expanded in size and importance, the need for a coordinated administrative structure became apparent. Though the executive branch was not initially viewed as the logical focal point for administrative control, it played an increasingly visible role in setting the government's agenda. Governor Horace Graham ( ) attempted to establish administrative accountability through the creation of a Board of Control under the direction of the governor. Governor James Hartness ( ) advocated the principles of scientific management for government, though he despaired of the imprecision of politics. Hartness wanted to place a "business manager" in charge of the affairs of the state, leaving the governor to fulfill ceremonial functions. Governor Redfield Proctor, Jr. ( ) successfully promoted a reorganization of state bureaucracy giving governors greater control over government. Gubernatorial power in relation to the Legislature was enhanced in 1913 with a constitutional amendment changing the requirement for a legislative override of a veto from a majority to a twothirds vote. - viii -

9 Expanding government, administrative control of the bureaucracy, and the changing role of the governor continue as intertwined themes of Vermont governance. The "Little Hoover Commission" recommendations of the late 1950' s, for example, provided a framework for further reorganizations of the state government, some of which were carried out by the Commission's chairman, Deane Davis, who served as governor from Governor John Weeks's ( ) inauguration of a two term "tradition" meant that the electorate could pass judgement on the policies and programs of incumbent governors. This, in turn, led to the identification of the incumbent governor as head of his or her political party. Growing administrative responsibilities also changed recruitment patterns for the office and early twentieth century governors were frequently drawn from within the state bureaucracy. The most striking change in recent years has been the expansion of gubernatorial tenure patterns. Governor Philip Hoff ( ) not only became the first Democrat elected to the office since 1853, he also became the first governor to serve more than two two year terms. Governor Richard Snelling's four terms ( ) brought further expansion of gubernatorial power. The above comments suggest possible themes that need exploring, as well as some of the factors that have heretofore curtailed study of the office and the people who have held it. The two greatest prohibiting factors have been the paucity of gubernatorial records available to researchers and, equally important, the lack of knowledge about where those records are located. The loss of records of governors and their administrations has been heavy and permanent. The sale of some of Governor Thomas Chittenden's papers to a rag picker is an oft-repeated tale. In the course of compiling this guide we uncovered other stories of gubernatorial papers burned or otherwise irretrievably lost. The brevity of other entries stirs regret for these blank pages of our heritage. The Legislature passed a resolution in 1864 calling for permanent retention of the "official cqfrespondence" of governors within the Office of the Secretary of State. Compliance was varied, particularly among late nineteenth century governors. Even today, the ill-defined nature of "official correspondence" affects the systematic preservation of gubernatorial papers. The following guide, the work of Julie P. Cox, is an important and exci ting step toward rectifying the problem of identifying where researchers may find the papers that have survived. The project could not have been done without the cooperation of numerous institutions and individuals. We believe that this spirit of cooperation will serve as a model for future projects involving repositories with Vermont materials. Most of all, Julie deserves our gratitude for her excellent job of locating and compiling this guide. She has shown us the way not only to papers of Vermont's governors, but also to how we can work together for the advancement of Vermont scholarship. - ix -

10 Notes 1 Chester Bowie's study of Redfield Proctor, "Redfield Proctor: A Biography," (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1980), is one of the few recent indepth studies of a Vermont governor. Proctor received this attention more for his national career, than for his governorship ( ). The Vermont Historical Society occasionally c<,rries articles on individual governors in its publication Vermont History, but these can only whet scholarly appetites, not provide full-course treatments. Works on the Vermont executive branch such as Paul C. Dunham, Vermont State Administrative Agencies, , (Burlington, VT: Government Research Center,, 1965) or the appropriate passages of Andrew and Edith Nuquist, Vermont State Government, (Burlington, VT: Government Research Center,, 1966) only outline aspects of the office and are dated. National studies of governorships such as Joseph Schlesinger, How They Became Governor: A Study of Comparative State Politics, , (East Lansing, MI: Government Research Bureau, Michigan State University, 1957) help place the Vermont governorship in context, but need to be supported by local studies. 2 See Samuel B. Hand, Jeffrey Marshall, and D. Gregory Sanford, "The Little Republics of Vermont," Vermont History. Summer See 3 V. S.A. 4 for a legislative history of the provisions governing the "official correspondence" of governors. - x -

11 INTRODUCTION The Project This is the first of the State Papers of Vermont series to move beyond the confines of indexing and transcribing source material in the physical custody of the State Archives. In part this is a reflection of our desire to provide a more complete guide to the lives of Vermont governors than would be possible through sole reliance on the records of individual tenures. Equally important, this project is a reflection not only of our gratitude to the many repositories which have preserved these important records of our past, but also of our hopes that the cooperation evidenced by this volume will become a model for future corraborative efforts designed to help us gain a better understanding of the Vermont experience. The project was publicized in state, regional, and national journals and newsletters before on-site survey work began. In many cases, we opted for onsite surveys of material to complete the project more quickly and maintain good relations with the limited staffs of Vermont's repositories. The on-site survey involved a thorough check of manuscript catalogues of the following reposi tories: the Public Records Division, Special Collections at UVM, the State Archives, and the Vermont Historical Society. Other repositories were contacted on an individual basis to confirm the scope, content, and volume of specific collections as described in available inventories and the Library of Congress's National Union Catalogue of Manuscript Collections. Biographical data and information on elected and appointed service was gathered from various directories, compilations and the "Executive Records" kept by each administration (see bibliography). The Guide The guide is arranged alphabetically by governor. Each entry contains information on elected service in state and national office (this category includes special appointments to elective office), biographical data, and dates of appointed and elected executive, judicial, legislative, and county service. The latter category includes federal appointments to positions in Vermont and excludes all other federal appointments. Some information on papers relating to federal appointments can be found in individual scope and content notes for manuscript collections. This is followed by descriptions of primary source material, listed alphabetically by repository. The description includes location, inclusive dates of individual items, groups of items and collections, and information on volume, relationship complexity, scope and content, and the availability of finding aids. Individual items are described generally by type; i.e. letters, documents (appointments, commissions, proclamations, autographs), and volumes (described as diary, ledger, scrapbook, etc.). An abstract of available finding aids is used to describe collections and groups of items, and is - xi -

12 followed by the collection's description number in the National Union Catalogue of Manuscript Collections (cited as NUCMC) when possible. NUCMC description numbers of reported collections where a governor appears as a correspondent or we were unable to further describe the collection appear at the end of each entry. The main body of the guide is followed by three appendices which give general definitions of terms used in the guide, statistics on the governors and political offices held, and information on Vermont repositories that have entries in the guide. As with any project of this sort, the guide does contain some quirks and caveats. In the biographical section of each entry, the "other service" category is not inclusive. We may have missed some executive appointments and dates may be wrong due to resignation or retirement from a board or commission that was not noted in the administration's "Executive Records." Photographsand memorabe1ia are not included in the abstracts as most of the state's repositories with large manuscript collections have this material. Entries for microfilm collections include the location of the original papers where known; in the course of compiling the guide we came across a large group of gubernatorial papers that had been microfilmed during the 1960's and have been unable to find information on the final disposition of the original collections. Brackets and question marks identify uncertain dates for collections or individual items. Abstracts do not appear for collections without available scope and content notes. Occasionally we found a collection with no finding aid and left the appropriate part of the abstract blank. We also expect that there are papers out there that we have missed. Individuals or repositories with papers that are not included in the guide are invited to send the State Archives a description of these papers which would be included in a second edition. Acknowledgements From the inception of the vague idea of this guide to anxiously waiting its return from the printer, I've been edified, encouraged, bullied, praised and supported in turn by my friend and co-worker, State Archivist D. Gregory Sanford. Special thanks go to Gregory and to Secretary of State James H. Douglas for supporting the project and for their ability to maintain a dogged belief that the guide would be published and I would get back to work. K. Barney Bloom, Assistant Librarian of the Vermont Historical Society, provided invaluable editorial assistance and advice from begining to end. Connell Gallagher, Manuscripts Curator at Special Collections, and Reidun Nuquist, Librarian of the Vermont Historical Society, also reviewed the guide, answered ount1ess questions, and offered much encouragement. Tom Connors, a curator at the AFL-CIO archives, provided much support, including some needed leg work at the Library of Congress. Marjorie Strong, the State Archives staff assistant, found errors that all others had missed. We were particularly pleased with public input, including that of several past governors, which provided us with additional information about many collections. Thanks also go to all of the staff members of the repositories listed in this guide for answering questions, patiently filling in entries, and providing copies of finding aids. - xii -

13 INDEX Term Governor Thomas Chittenden Moses Robinson Thomas Chittenden Paul Brigham Isaac Tichenor Israel Smith Isaac Tichenor Jonas Galusha Martin Chittenden Jonas Galusha Richard Skinner Cornelius P. Van Ness Ezra Butler Samuel C. Crafts William A. Palmer Silas H. Jenison Charles Paine John Mattocks William Slade Horace Eaton Carlos Coolidge Charles K. Williams Erastus Fairbanks John S. Robinson Stephen Royce Ryland Fletcher Hiland Hall Erastus Fairbanks Frederick Holbrook J. Gregory Smith Paul Dillingham John B. Page Peter T. Washburn George W. Hendee John W. Stewart Julius Converse Asahel Peck Horace Fairbanks Redfield Proctor Roswell Farnham John L. Barstow Samuel E. Pingree Ebenezer J. Ormsbee William P. Dillingham Carroll S. Page Levi K. Fuller xiii -

14 Term Governor Urban A. Woodbury Josiah Grout Edward C. Smi th William W. Stickney John G. McCullough Charles J. Bell Fletcher D. Proctor George H. Prouty John A. Mead Allen M. Fletcher Charles W. Gates Horace F. Graham Percival W. Clement J ames Hartness Redfield Proctor, Jr. Franklin S. Billings John E. Weeks Stanley C. Wilson Charles M. Smith George D. Aiken William H. Wills Mortimer R. Proctor Ernest W. Gibson Harold J. Arthur Lee E. Emerson Joseph B. Johnson Robert T. Stafford F. Ray Keyser, Jr. Philip H. Hoff Deane C. Davis Thomas P. Salmon Richard A. Snelling Madeleine M. Kunin xiv -

15 Abbreviations and Special Symbols The following abbreviations and guidelines for recording probable and uncertain dates are excerpted from Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscipts: A Cataloguing Manual for Archival Repositories, Historical Societies, and Manuscript Libraries, compiled by Steven L. Hensen (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1983). The special symbols have been adapted for use in the guide and have no other significance. ms. n.d. [18621] [186-] [186-1] [ 18--] [18--1] if * t manuscript no date probable date decade certain decade uncertain century certain century uncertain same as NUCMC symbol *, used to denote uncertain names (person cannot be positively identified using biographical information supplied to NUCMC) special note follows microfilm use copy is also held by the Public Records Division, - xv -

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17 AIKEN, George David, U.S. Senator: Governor: Lieutenant Governor: Speaker of the House: State Representative: Born: Dummerston, Vermont, August 20, Died: Montpelier, Vermont, November 19, Occupation: horticu1tura1ist, politician Library of Congress Manuscript Division Washington, D.C Proclamation, Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Document, In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, Ca. 500 feet. Papers include correspondence, printed matter, newsclippings, photographs, etc. relating to Aiken's activities as a member of the following Senate committees: Civil Service ( ), Pensions ( ), Expenditures in the Executive Department ( ), Education and Labor ( ), Agriculture and Forestry ( ), Foreign Relations ( ), Aeronautical and Space Sciences ( ); Joint Committee on Atomic Energy ( ); and Joint Committee on Republican Principles (1962), and Senate Republican Policy Committee ( , )

18 AIKEN, continued Subjects include 1936 gubernatorial campaign, St. Lawrence Seaway, Cambodia, Vietnam, Farm Credit Act, food allotment bill, Civil Rights Act, anti-ballistic missile, Vermont Nuclear Power Station (Vernon), atomic energy, flood control, firearms, Rural Water and Sewer Act, Hoover Commission, Status of Women Commission, Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, supersonic transport, Vermont transportation, Watergate, fuel oil situation in New England, and Champlain Waterway. Holdings include microfilm of gubernatorial papers (see Vermont State Archives). Inventory available. NUCMC Oral Histories, * Twenty-two transcribed interviews covering all aspects of Aiken's life. 600 pages. *Note: UVM Oral History Collection contains copies of 8 oral history interviews held by other repositories. See UVM Bailey/Howe Library Folklore and Oral History Catalogue, Center for Research on Vermont, Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 7 documents. Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, microfilm reels.t Gubernatorial papers; microfilm badly deteriorated in some sections. Original collection no longer extant. Reel index available. Executive Records, volumes (1299 pages). Indexed

19 AIKEN, continued Se"e also: NUCMC Baker Family Papers, University of Virginia NUCMC Judson King Papers, Library of Congress NUCMC Dorothy Canfield Collection, NUCMC James K. Pollack Papers, University of Michigan NUCMC St. Lawrence Seaway Collection, Michigan State University Museum NUCMC Charles Bernard Hoeven Papers, University of Iowa NUCMC Selma Borchardt Papers, Wayne State University (Detroit) NUCMC Sarah Norcliff Cleghorn Papers, NUCMC United Stone and Allied Product Workers of America Papers, NUCMC Alfred Harris Heininger Papers, NUCMC Mortimer R. Proctor Papers, NUCMC Howard Crosby Rice Papers,

20 AIKEN, continued NUCMC Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers, 1949 Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences, Berkeley, CA NUCMC Ferdinand Northrop Menefee Papers, University of Michigan NUCMC Winston Lewis Prouty Papers, NUCMC ~1-450 George H. Duncan Papers, New Hampshire Historical Society - 4 -

21 ARTHUR, Harold John, Governor: Lieutenant Governor: Born: Whitehall, New York, February 9, Died: Plattsburgh, New York, July 19, Occupation: lawyer Other service: Member, Vermont Highway Users Conference: Clerk of the House: , Superintendent of the U.S. Employment Service, Burlington, VT: Executive Messenger, Governor J. Weeks: Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, cartons. Gubernatorial papers. Inventory available. Vermont Historical Society Letter, Vermont Public Records Division Agency of Administration Broadcasts, records

22 ARTHUR, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, microfilm ree1s.t Gubernatorial papers (see Special Collections for originals). Reel index available. Executive Records, volume (168 pages). Indexed

23 BARSTOW, John Lester, Governor: Lieutenant Governor: State Senator: State Representative: Born: Shelburne, Vermont, February 21, Died: Shelburne, Vermont, June 28, Occupation: businessman, farmer Other service: Commissioner to Centennial of Celebration of Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown: 1880 U.S. Pension Agent, Burlington, VT: Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, letters. Papers, documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Letter, In: Swift Family Papers, Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters, 4 scrapbooks. Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 3 documents

24 BARSTOW, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Letter, Executive Records, pages. Indexed

25 BELL, Charles James, Governor: State Senator: State Representative: Born: Walden, Vermont, March 10, Died: Walden, Vermont, September 29, Occupation: farmer Other service: Secretary, Board of Agriculture: Secretary, Board of Cattle Commissioners: Member, Board of Agriculture: Member, Board of Railroad Commissioners: Collector of Taxes for Unorganized Towns and Gores in Caledonia County: 1866 Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Document, In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, 1904, commission, 1 item. Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 6 documents, 2 scrapbooks of clippings relating to Bell. Vermont Public Records Division Agency of Administration Papers, In: Records of the Board of Railroad Commissioners, ,

26 BELL, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Executive Records, volume (339 pages). Indexed

27 BILLINGS, Franklin Swift, Governor: Lieutenant Governor: Speaker of the House: State Representative: , Born: New Bedford, Massachusetts, May 11, Died: Woodstock, Vermont, January 19, Occupation: businessman, farmer Other Service: Member, Board of Education: Member, Commission of Conservation of Resources: Chief of Staff under Governor Charles J. Bell: Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters, 8 documents. Vermont Historical Society Papers, 1925-[19321]. 3 letters, 3 documents. Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, microfilm reels.t Gubernatorial papers. Reel index available. Executive Records, volume (372 pages). Indexed

28 BRIGHAM, Paul, Lieutenant Governor: , Governor: 8/25/ /16/1797 State Representative: 1783, 1786, 1791 Born: Coventry, Connecticut, January 6, Died: Norwich, Vermont, June 15, Occupation: politician Other service: Judge, Windsor County: Delegate, Constitutional Convention: 1793, 1814, 1822 Member, Govenor's Council: Judge of Probate, Hartford District: , , 1801 Sheriff, Windsor County: Assistant Judge, Windsor County: , Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, 1763-(18371). One carton, 2 boxes. Papers include correspondence, legal documents, town and state documents, and financial records. Inventory available. NUCMC Vermont Historical Society Papers, documents, 2 diaries, one ms. orderly account book. Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letters, 18 documents

29 BUTLER, Ezra, Governor: U.S. Representative: State Representative: , , 1807 Born: Lancaster, Massachusetts, September 24, Died: Waterbury, Vermont, July 12, Occupation: lawyer, minister Other service: Assistant Judge, Washington county: Delegate, Constitutional Convention: 1822 Judge, Washington County: , , Trustee, : Member, Governor's Council: 1807, , Member, Council of Censors: 1806 Judge, Chittenden County: Assistant Judge, Chittenden County: Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters. In: John Johnson Papers, Letter, Vermont Historical Society Papers, documents

30 BUTLER, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letters, 12 documents. Waterbury Library and Historical Society 28 North Main St. Waterbury, VT Papers, carton. Papers include correspondence, legal documents, printed matter, and some gubernatorial records

31 CHITTENDEN, Martin, Governor: u.s. Representative: State Representative: , 1802, 1818, 1821 Born: Salisbury, Connecticut, March 12, Died: Williston, Vermont, September 5, Occupation: farmer, merchant Other service: Judge of Probate, Chittenden County: Trustee, : , Judge, Chittenden County: Assistant Judge, Chittenden County: Delegate, Constitutional Convention: 1791, 1793 Clerk, Chittenden County: Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, letter, 2 documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters, 3 documents. Letter, In: John Johnson Papers, Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 8 documents

32 CHITTENDEN, Martin, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letters, 25 documents. See also: NUCMC Sanford Gadcomb Papers,

33 CHITTENDEN, Thomas, Governor: , State Representative: March 1778 Born: East Guilford, Connecticut, January 6, Died: Williston, Vermont, August 25, Occupation: farmer, politician Other service: Delegate, Constitutional Convention: President, Council of Safety: Member, Vermont Conventions: July 1776, Sept. 1776, Jan. 1777, July, 1777 Library of Congress Manuscript Division Washington, D.C Papers, letters. In: George Washington Papers, New York Public Library Manuscripts and Archives Room 319 5th Avenue and 42nd St. New York, New York Papers, letters. New York State Library Manuscripts and Special Collections Cultural Education Center Empire State plaza Albany, New York Papers, [177-]-[17951]. ca. 50 letters, 1 document. In: Stevens Papers. Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks

34 CHITTENDEN, Thomas, continued Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters, 12 documents. Letter, In: Paul Brigham Papers, Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 40 documents. Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, ca. 150 letters, 800 documents. See also: The Public Papers of Thomas Chittenden: , John A. Williams, ed. State Papers of Vermont, Volume Seventeen (: Secretary of State, 1969). See also: NUCMC Ira Allen Papers,

35 CLEMENT, Percival Wood, Governor: State Senator: State Representative: Born: Rutland, Vermont, July 7, Died: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 9, Occupation: businessman, publisher Other service: Executive Committee, Vermont Committee on Public Safety: Member, New England Railroad Conference: 1913 Member, Commission to Investigate Educational Conditions: Aide-de-Camp, Governor Converse: Rutland Daily Herald 29 Wales St. Rutland, VT Letter, Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 2 documents, 4 scrapbooks relating to Clement. Papers, box. Incoming correspondence of Governor Clement. Calendar available. Vermont Public Records Division Agency of Administration Papers, In: Records of Commission to Investigate Educational Conditions,

36 CLEMENT, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Letter, Copy of original in: Rutland Daily Herald. Papers, 1919~ microfilm reels.t Gubernatorial papers. Reel index available. Executive Records, 1919~ volume (359 pages). Indexed. ~ 20 ~

37 CONVERSE, Julius, Governor: Lieutenant Governor: State Senator: State Representative: 1833, , Born: Stafford, Connecticut, December 17, Died: Dixville Notch, New Hampshire, August 16, Occupation: lawyer Other service: State's Attorney, Windsor County: Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, 1849, letters. Papers, documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Document, Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 2 documents. Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letters, 7 documents. Executive Records, pages

38 COOLIDGE, Carlos, State Senator: Governor: Speaker of the House: 1836, State Representative: , Born: Windsor, Vermont, June 25, Died: Windsor, Vermont, August 15, Occupation: lawyer Other service: Delegate, Constitutional Convention: 1850 Trustee, : , State's Attorney, Windsor County: Member, Board of Bank Commissioners: Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, letters, 2 documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters, 1 document. Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 9 documents. Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letters, 8 documents

39 CRAFTS, Samuel Chandler, U.S. Senator: Governor: U.S. Representative: State Representative: 1796, , 1803, 1805 Born: Woodstock, Connecticut, October 6, Died: Craftsbury, Vermont, November 19, Occupation: farmer, miller, surveyor Other service: Clerk, Orleans County: Trustee, : Judge, Orleans County: Member, Governor's Council: , Assistant Judge, Orleans County: , Clerk of the House: Delegate, Constitutional Convention: 1793, 1828 Baker Library Manuscripts and Archives Harvard Business School Boston, MA Ledger, NUCMC Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, letter, 2 documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, 1782-[18531]. 9 boxes. Forms part of: Crafts Family Papers, Papers include correspondence, business records, and surveys of Samuel C. Crafts. Index available. NUCMC

40 CRAFTS, continued Papers, 1818, letter, 1 document. Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 20 documents, "Crafts' Book of [Town] Plans" (maps). Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letters, 29 documents, photostat of "Crafts' Book of [Town] Plans" (maps) (original in Vermont Historical Society). See also: NUCMC John Johnson Papers,

41 DAVIS, Deane Chandler, Governor: Born: East Barre, Vermont, November 7, Occupation: businessman, lawyer Other service: Chair, Commission to Study State Government (Little Hoover Commission): Superior Court Judge: State's Attorney, Washington County: National Life Insurance Company Law Library Papers, Papers include newsclippings and speeches. Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, letters, 1 speech. In: Swift Family Papers, Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, cartons. Papers include correspondence, newsclippings, printed matter, and speeches. Inventory available. Oral History, , pages. Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 1 document

42 DAVIS, continued Vermont Public Records Division Agency of Administration Papers, In: Records of the Commission to Study State Government, Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, microfilm reel.t Papers relate to the Board of Inquiry into the Irasburg Affair. Papers, cartons.t Gubernatorial papers. Inventory available. Executive Records, cartons, 1 volume. Indexed

43 DILLINGHAM, Paul, Governor: Lieutenant Governor: U.S. Representative: State Senator: , 1861 State Representative: , Born: Shutesbury, Massachusetts, August 10, Died: Waterbury, Vermont, July 26, Occupation: lawyer Other service: Trustee, Vermont Reform School: Trustee, : Delegate, Constitutional Convention: 1836, 1857, 1870 State's Attorney, Washington County: National Life Insurance Company Law Library Newsclippings, Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, 1848, letter, 1 document. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters, 3 documents. Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters,s documents. Papers, folder. Civil War bounty and pension records, estate list

44 DILLINGHAM, Paul, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letter, 2 documents. Papers, folders. Forms part of: Manuscript Vermont State Papers (Series II), Incoming correspondence of Governor Dillingham. Inventory available. Executive Records, pages. Indexed. See also: NUCMC Mary Pauline Dillingham Collection, Rice University, Houston, TX

45 DILLINGHAM, William Paul, U.S. Senator: Governor: State Senator: State Representative: , Born: Waterbury, Vermont, December 12, Died: Montpelier, Vermont, July 12, Occupation: lawyer Other service: Trustee, : , Chair, Commission to Select Textbooks: State Tax Commissioner: Trustee, Vermont Reform School: Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs: 1867, * State's Attorney, Washington County: *See also: Dillingham, Paul. Executive Records, Peck, Asahel. Executive Records, National Life Insurance Company Law Library Papers, let ters. Rice Universi ty Fondren Library Woodson Research Center 600 South Main St. Houston, TX Papers, folders. Forms part of: Mary Pauline Dillingham Collection, Inventory available. NUCMC

46 DILLINGHAM, William Paul, continued Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, letters, 2 documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Telegram, In: Swift Family Papers, Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters, one volume of Senate-related material. Vermont Historical Society Papers, box. Incoming correspondence of Governor Dillingham. Calendar available. Papers, letters, 1 document, 1 scrapbook of material relating to Dillingham

47 DILLINGHAM, William Paul, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, 1867, letters as Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs. Forms part of: Miscellaneous Governors' Papers, Papers, volume. Outgoing correspondence of Governor Dillingham and Secretary of civil and Military Affairs Fred A. Howland. Inventory available. Executive Records, pages. See also: NUCMC John Gilman Foster Papers, NUCMC Florence (Deakins) Becker Papers, Library of Congress NUCMC Mixter Family Papers, Cincinnati Historical Society

48 EATON, Horace, Governor: Lieutenant Governor: President Pro Tempore, State Senate: 1841 State Senator: 1837, State Representative: , Born: Barnard, Vermont, June 22, Died: Enosburg, Vermont, July 4, Occupation: physician, teacher Other service: State Superintendent of Education: Delegate, Constitutional Convention: 1843 Sheldon Museum. Middlebury, VT Papers, letters, 2 documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters. Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 2 documents. Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letter, 8 documents. Papers, folders. Forms part of: Manuscript Vermont State Papers (Series II), Miscellaneous executive records and correspondence. Inventory available

49 EMERSON, Lee Earl, Governor: Lieutenant Governor: State Senator: Speaker of the House: State Representative: Born: Hardwick, Vermont, December 19, Died: Berlin, Vermont, May 21, Occupation: lawyer Other service: State's Attorney, Orleans County: Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, cartons, 3 boxes. Papers include newsclippings, speeches, and gubernatorial papers. Inventory available. Oral History, pages. Vermont Historical Society Letter, Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, microfilm reels.t Gubernatorial papers (see Special Collections for originals). Reel index available

50 Emerson, continued Papers, [ ]. 7 cartons. Miscellaneous papers of Governor Emerson. Executive Records, pages. Indexed

51 FAIRBANKS, Erastus, Governor: , State Representative: Born: Brimfield, Massachusetts, October 28, Died: St. Johnsbury, Vermont, November 20, Occupation: businessman Other service: Member, Commission to Prepare General Manufacturing Law and Law Relating to Railroad Corporations: Trustee, : Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, letters, 2 documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, letters. Vermont Historical Society Papers, [1864 1] 1 carton. Forms part of: Erastus Fairbanks Papers, Papers include business records of E. & T. Fairbanks Co., miscellaneous business records, and personal correspondence. Calendar available. Papers, letters, 18 documents

52 FAIRBANKS, ~r~st~sl cpntinued Papers, 11l~4d~8641J. 5 cal1tons. Form~ par~ of: Fairbanks Papers, rap~rs inc~ude business records of E. & T. Fairbanks Co., incoming correspondence of Governor Fairbanks in 1852, miscellaneous business reco~ds, and personal correspondence. Cale~dar available. Papers, [~835?-~857?J. 1 carton. Forms part of: rdrbanks Family Papers, 1661-[185 7?J Papers inc~ude bu~iqess records, correspondence, and printed matter. calend~r available. Vermont S~ate Arch~ves Office of the Secret~ry Montpelier " VT of State Paper~, 1836~ letter, 8 doc~m~nts. Papers, 183~~18Ql. 2 voluples. Forms Pavt o~: Ma~uscript Vermont State Papers (Series I), [19101). Papers inp14de correspondence, gubernatorial papers from term., IJldexed. Papers, 18~2-18~~! 14 foldet;'s. Forms part of; ~an4script Vermont State Papers (Series II), Misce~laneous ex~cutive records. Inventory ava~l~ble. Executive Records, , pages

53 FAIRBANKS, Erastus, continued See also: NUCMC Justin Smith Morrill Papers, Strafford (VT) Historical Society Library NUCMC John Johnson Papers,

54 FAIRBANKS, Horace, Governor: State Senator: 1869 Born: Barnet, Vermont, March 21, Died: New York, New York, March 17, Occupation: businessman Other service: Commissioner to Purchase or Condemn for the Bennington Battle Monument: Trustee, : , Middlebury College Starr Library Middlebury, VT Papers, letters. Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, 1865, letter, 1 document. Vermont Historical Society Papers, [18341] Forms part of: Fairbanks Papers, Papers include business records of E. & T. Fairbanks Co Calendar available

55 FAIRBANKS, Horace, continued Papers, letters, 3 documents. Letter, In: Erastus Fairbanks Papers, Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letters, 1 document. Papers, volume, 3 folders, ca. 400 items. Gubernatorial papers. Inventory available. Executive Records, pages

56 FARNHAM, Roswell, Governor: State Senator: Born: Boston, Massachusetts, July 23, Died: Bradford, Vermont, January 5, Occupation: lawyer Other service: Member, Commission to Investigate Advisability and Location of Separate Building for the Care of the Criminal and Convict Insane: Member, Commission to Procure Facilities for State Library: 1878 Trustee, : Member, State Board of Education: State's Attorney, Orange County: Sheldon Museum Middlebury, VT Papers, letter, 2 documents. In: Henry Sheldon Scrapbooks. Special Collections Burlington, VT Papers, [1837?-1903?]. 24 cartons, 1 box, 4 oversize volumes. Forms part of: Roswell Farnham Papers, Papers include correspondence, diaries, newsclippings, and papers relating to the Vermont Copper Company and the New England Company. Inventory available. NUCMC Letter, Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 1 cash book, 1 record book (Bradford Academy), oversize survey notes

57 FARNHAM, continued Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, letters, 2 documents. Executive Records, pages. See also: NUCMC Elihu Barber Taft Papers,

58 FLETCHER, Allen Miller, Governor: State Senator: State Representative: , Born: Indianapolis, Indiana, September 25, Died: Rutland City, Vermont, May 11, Occupation: businessman Vermont Historical Society Papers, letters, 1 document. Vermont State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Papers, microfilm reels.t Gubernatorial papers. Reel index available. Executive Records, volume (361 pages). Indexed