Guide to APSA American Political Science Association

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1 Guide to APSA American Political Science Association APSA style generally follows Chicago Manual of Style s author-date citation practice. It requires parenthetical references within the text of the paper and a list of references at the end. Table of Contents Parenthetical Citations 2-3 Books 3-4 Electronic Sources 4-6 Interviews 7 Government Documents 7-8 Legal Proceedings, Statute, Hearings 8-9 Headings /s _APSA Format Guidelines 1. The reference list is located on a page by itself at the end of the paper. Type the word References centered at the top of the page. 2. Use hanging indent form. First line of each reference is set flush left and subsequent lines are indented. References are double spaced on all lines. 3. Arranged alphabetically, not by format of publication (book, journal, etc.). 4. The author should be first element. If no author is present, use the editor s name. If no editor is present, start with the book title or article title. 5. List author s last name, followed by a comma then the author s first and/or middle name. Spell out authors names. Do not use initials unless they are used by the author. 6. Book and periodical titles should be in italics. 7. Chapter and article titles should be contained in quotation marks. 8. The date is always the second element in a citation. 9. Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc This rule does not apply to indefinite or definite articles (a, an, the). L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

2 Parenthetical Citations: Citations are brief notes on sources that appear in the text as citations, providing immediate source information without interrupting the flow of the sentence. The Basic Form Insert the name of the author(s) and the year of publication in parentheses following the quote or idea. If using a direct quote, a page number might be needed. The parentheses come immediately after the quotation and before the final period that closes the sentence; there is no comma separating the author and the year from the pages. Please note that p and pp are not used. the transmogrifying of mayoral power (Bailey 1987, 85). Citing an Entire Article or Book Omit the page numbers if you are referring to the entire article or book. In the presidential election of 2004, the Electoral College results varied little from those of 2000, despite the hundreds of millions of dollars spent on campaign ads in battleground states (Azima 2005). Author s Name in Sentence If you use the author's name in your sentence, place only the date in parentheses. Harper (2009) was strongly dissatisfied with the arrangement. Citing Multiple Authors and Works Multiple Authors Two or Three Authors: Include all of their names in each citation: (Kelly, Colter, and Lane 1980) Four or More Authors: Use only the first author s name and et al. in all citations including the first. (Brooks et al. 2004) L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

3 Multiple Works Different Authors with Different Years Arrange the citations in alphabetical order-not chronological order, and separate items with semi-colons. (Confucius 1951; Gurdjieff 1950; Wanisaburo 1926) Same Author in Same Year Assign a lowercase letter to the year of publication (in alphabetical order by title), and use the same letters in the reference list. (Frankly 1957a, 1957b) Citing Government Documents Government Document Use the standard author-date format. If the name of the government agency that authored a document is long, you may use a short form or acronym in subsequent references. (U.S. International Trade Commission 1978, 12; hereafter USITC) Court Case Give the name of the case and the year. (Baker v. Carr 1962) **Note that the name of the case, except for the "v.," is in italics or underlined. Statute Give the name of the statute and the year. (Budget and Improvement Act 1987) Reference List Reference List Entry: Book Book (Single author): Kessel, John H The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill. L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

4 Book (Two authors, later edition): Sorauf, Frank J., and Paul Allen Beck Party Politics in America. 6th ed. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman. Edited collection Ball, Terence, James Farr, and Russell L. Hanson, eds Political Innovation and Conceptual Change. New York: Cambridge University Press. Corporate author American Political Science Association Style Manual for Political Science. Rev ed. Washington: American Political Science Association. Reference List Entry: Articles Journal Article Aldrich, John H "A Dynamic Model of Presidential Nomination Campaigns." American Political Science Review **74: **The "74" is the volume number; what follows are the inclusive page numbers for the article. Magazine Article Prufer, Olaf "The Hopewell Cult." Scientific American, December. Chapter in a Multi-Author Collection Hermann, Margaret G "Personality and Foreign Policy Decision Making: A Study of Fifty-Three Heads of Government." In Foreign Policy Decision Making, ed. Donald A. Sylvan and Steve Chan. New York: Praeger. Reference List Entry: Electronic Sources Citation of references from Internet sites is formatted to be as similar to normal article or book references as possible, with the addition of their Internet addresses and the date of the last access. The latter is used because these materials may not be permanently available. To avoid citation of materials that are no longer available in this form, or incorrect internet addresses. Be sure to print a copy or verify your links are working before submitting a paper. *URLs that are too long for one line should be continued on the net line without using a hyphen. L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

Electronic Book Ashiral, Sretas. 2004. Aviation and the Far East. http://www.flight_eastist.org (January 3, 2005).

5 Electronic Book Ashiral, Sretas Aviation and the Far East. (January 3, 2005). Journal Article (Library Database) 1 Author: Spencer Weart 2 Publication year: Title of article: Global Warming: How Skepticism Became Denial 4 Name of journal: Bulletin of Atomic Science 5 Exact publication date: January 6 URL: 7 Date of Access: November 03, 2011 Document : Reference Format: Weart, Spencer Global Warming: How Skepticism Became Denial. Bulletin of Atomi c Science (January): =112&sid=2e1.../ (November 03, 2011). L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

Material from a World Wide Web (WWW) Site Basic: Squires, Lawrence. 2004. A Virtual Tour of the White House, circa 1900. National Landmarks Then and Now.http://www.natlandmk.com/hist (August 21,2001).

6 Material from a World Wide Web (WWW) Site Basic: Squires, Lawrence A Virtual Tour of the White House, circa National Landmarks Then and Now. (August 21,2001). Newspaper Article (Web Site) 1 Newspaper title: NewsOK.com 2 Publication year: Article title: Dozens Arrested in Occupy Appear in Court 4 Exact Publication date: November 03, URL: 6 Date of access: November 05, 2011 Reference Format: NewsOK Dozens Arrested in Occupy Appear in Court in NYC. November 03, (November 05, 2011). L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

7 E- Mail Material The revised 2005 edition of the APSA Style Manual suggests that , bulletin board, and electronic discussion group message be cited as personal communication in the text and left out of the reference list. Reference List Entry: Interviews Published Interviews Untitled Interview in a Book Jorgenson, Mary Interview by Alan McAskill. In Hospice Pioneers. Ed. Alan McAskill, Richmond: Dynasty Press. Titled Interview in a Periodical Simon, John Picking the Patrons Apart: An Interview with John Simon. By Selena Fox. Media Wee, March 14, Interview on Television Snopes, Edward Interview by Klint Gordon. Oklahoma Politicians. WKY Television, 4 June. Unpublished Interview According to the revised 2005 edition of the APSA Style Manual, unpublished interviews should be identified within the text of a sentence rather than in a parenthetical citation and left out of the reference list. * Some instructors require a reference listing for personal interviews. Please check professor guidelines. Reference List Entry : Government Document Congressional reports and documents U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations The Mutual Security Act. 84th Cong., 2d sess., S. Rept Congressional debate Congressional Record th Cong., 2d sess.,vol. 112, pt. 16. Presidential proclamations and executive orders Reagan, Ronald Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, Proclamation Federal Register, vol. 49, no. 2,** p **The p. is used here to distinguish the page number from the volume and issue numbers. L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

8 Executive department document U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington: Department of Commerce. Treaties U.S. Department of State Nuclear Weapons Test Ban, 5 August. **TIAS no U.S. Treaties and Other International Agreements, vol. 14, pt. 3. **"TIAS" indicates the treaty series. Reference List Entry: Legal Proceeding, Statute, or Hearing Legal Reference Baker v. Carr U.S Statutes: Provide the name of the statute, source (U.S. Code or Statutes at Large), volume, section a, and (if relevant) page. : Administrative Procedure Act Statutes at Large. Vol. 62, sec. 10 p 243. Presidential Proclamations and Executive Orders Provide the Presidents name, year, title or description, Federal Register, volume, number and page. : Reagan, Ronald Caribbean Basin Recovery Act, Proclamation Federal Register, vol.49, no.2, p Executive Department Documents Provide corporate author, year, title, city, and publisher. If author and publisher are the same, repeat the name or use and acronym : U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce. L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

Senate Committee Hearing Hearings 1 Government: United States 7 Number of Congress: 111 th Congress 2&3 Legislature and House: Congress, Senate 8 Session of Congress: 2 nd Session 4 Committee: Select

9 Senate Committee Hearing Hearings 1 Government: United States 7 Number of Congress: 111 th Congress 2&3 Legislature and House: Congress, Senate 8 Session of Congress: 2 nd Session 4 Committee: Select Committee on Ethics 9 Exact date of hearing: January 31, Year: URL: 6. Hearing: Annual Report of Select 11 Access Date: November 05, 2011 Committee on Ethics Document : Reference Format: U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Ethics Annual Report of Select Committee on Ethics. 111 th Congress, 2 nd sess. 31 January. (November 05, 2011). * House of Representative Committee Hearings are referenced the same, simply replace Senate with House of Representatives. L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

s of APSA Headings **Check with your instructor for heading requirements. The examples below illustrate three levels of APSA headings you can use in your papers.

10 s of APSA Headings **Check with your instructor for heading requirements. The examples below illustrate three levels of APSA headings you can use in your papers. : Primary headings Primary headings are: centered uppercase and lowercase The diagram below illustrates primary headings. : Secondary headings Secondary headings are: flush left uppercase and lowercase followed by text on next line L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

11 The diagram below illustrates secondary headings. : Tertiary headings Tertiary headings are: flush left underlined sentence case (only 1st letter capitalized) followed by a period, and then immediately by text The diagram below illustrates tertiary headings. If you are following the style Manual for Political Science, (1993) published by the American Political Science Association (APSA), use parenthetical citations within your text to indicate the source of borrowed ideas and quotations. At the end of your paper you should provide a list of all of the references cited in your paper. The sample citations and references on these pages are drawn from the Style Manual for Political Science, revised edition, 1993, and from The Chicago Manual of style, 14th edition (1993). L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

12 Violating Ethics: The Tuskegee Experiment Anae Student American Federal Government 1113 December 07, 2011 Dr. Knows Heaps L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

13 References Administrative Procedure Act Statutes at Large. Vol. 62, sec. 10 p 243. Ashiral, Sretas Aviation and the Far East. (January 3, 2005). Congressional Record th Cong., 2d sess., vol. 112, pt. 16. Institutional Review Board Guidebook. (n.d.). Hhs.gov. irb_introduction.htm (August 27, 2011). NewsOK.com Dozens Arrested in Occupy Appear in Court in NYC. November 03, (November 05, 2011). Reagan, Ronald Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, Proclamation Federal Register, vol. 49, no. 2, p Squires, Lawrence A Virtual Tour of the White House, circa National Landmarks Then and Now. (August 21, 2001). Weart, Spencer Global Warming: How Skepticism Became Denial. Bulletin of Atomi c Science (January): =112&sid=2e1.../ (November 03, 2011). U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations The Mutual Security Act. 84th Cong., 2d sess., S. Rept U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Ethics Annual Report of Select Committee on Ethics. 111 th Congress, 2 nd sess. 31 January. (November 05, 2011). U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce. L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

14 Walker, C.A Lest we forget: the Tuskegee Experiment. Journal of Theory Construction & Testing, 13 (1), (November 05, 2011). L. Rucker/ Communications Lab P a g e

For books: One author Author name. Year. Book title. Place of publication: Publisher (well-known cities do not need

For books: One author Author name. Year. Book title. Place of publication: Publisher (well-known cities do not need APSA REFERENCES PAGE UIW Writing and Learning Center APSA uses a references page instead of works cited. The references page is organized alphabetically by author. If there are several works by the same