POLITICAL SCIENCE 243C POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY IN JAPAN

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1 POLITICAL SCIENCE 243C POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY IN JAPAN Spring 2014 Office Hours Thursdays 11:30-1:30 Prof. Steven Vogel 768 Barrows Hall COURSE GOALS This seminar focuses on issues in Japanese domestic politics and political economy in historical and comparative perspective. We critically review major debates in the field, examining new scholarship as well as classic works. COURSE REQUIREMENTS 5-page book review and presentation 15% Final paper and presentation 60% bspace postings and class participation 25% READING ASSIGNMENTS Books recommended for purchase: * Sheldon Garon, Molding Japanese Minds (1997) Chalmers Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle (1982) Krauss and Pekkanen, The Rise and Fall of Japan s LDP (2011) Kushida and Lipscy, eds., Japan Under the DPJ (2013) Richard Samuels, Machiavelli s Children (2003) * Richard Samuels, Securing Japan (2007) Schwartz and Pharr, eds., The State of Civil Society in Japan (2003) Steven Vogel, Japan Remodeled (2006) All of these books are available on reserve, and the Garon and Samuels books are also available on bcourses. You may substitute some Japanese-language materials for assigned readings, in consultation with the instructor. In addition to the assigned readings for each week, you should keep up with current events in Japan by reading at least one quality newspaper and one weekly news magazine on a regular basis. You may also fulfill this assignment by checking Internet news sources regularly.

2 1. Course Introduction (1/21) 2. The Historical Legacy (1/28) Andrew Gordon, "Taking Japanese Studies Seriously," in Hardacre, ed., The Postwar Development of Japanese Studies in the United States (1998), Samuels, Machiavelli s Children (2003), 1-18, 41-68, John Dower, ed., Origins of the Modern Japanese State: Selected Writings of E.H. Norman (1975), Gordon Berger, Parties Out of Power in Japan (1977), 3-30, Robert Scalapino, Democracy and the Party Movement in Prewar Japan (1953), Masao Maruyama, Thought and Behavior in Modern Japanese Politics (1969), Recommended Skim one of the following as needed for an overview: Peter Duus, Modern Japan (1998), especially Chapters 1-2, 4-7, 9-10, 15, 18, 20; or Andrew Gordon, A Modern History of Japan (2009), especially Chapters 1-2, 4-8, 10-11, 13, 15, The 1955 System (2/4) Richardson and Patterson, Political Traditions and Political Change: The Significance of Postwar Japanese Politics for Political Science, Annual Review of Political Science (2001), John Dower, "Peace and Democracy in Two Systems," in Gordon, ed., Postwar Japan as History (1993), Gerald Curtis, The Japanese Way of Politics (1988), Krauss and Pekkanen, 1-64, , and Ethan Scheiner, Democracy Without Competition in Japan (2006), The Developmental State Thesis, Critics, and Alternatives (2/11) Alexander Gershenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (1992), Chalmers Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle (1982), 3-82, Dosi, Tyson, and Zysman, Trade, Technologies, and Development: A Framework for Discussing Japan, in Johnson, Tyson, and Zysman, eds., Politics and Productivity (1989), Joseph Wong, The Adaptive Developmental State in East Asia, Journal of East Asian Studies (2004), Kent Calder, Crisis and Compensation (1988), Brian Woodall, Japan Under Construction (1996), 1-23.

3 5. Models of the Policy Process (2/18) Weaver and Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? (1993), Aberbach, Putnam, and Rockman, Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies (1981), Campbell and Scheiner, Fragmentation and Power: Reconceptualizing Policy Making Under Japan s 1955 System, Japanese Journal of Political Science (2008), Frank Schwartz, Of Fairy Cloaks and Familiar Talks: The Politics of Consultation, in Allinson and Sone, eds., Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan (1993), Kristen Monroe, ed., The Economic Approach to Politics (1991), Rosenbluth and Ramseyer, Japan s Political Marketplace (1993), 1-15, , Gregory Noble, The Evolution of the Japanese Policymaking System, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Hiroaki Inatsugu, The System of Bureaucrats in Japan, in Inoguchi and Jain, eds., Japanese Politics Today (2011), Tomohito Shinoda, Prime Ministerial Leadership, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Interest Groups: Business, Labor, Farmers (2/25) Garon and Mochizuki, Negotiating Social Contracts, in Gordon, ed., Postwar Japan as History (1993), Pempel and Tsunekawa, Corporatism Without Labor? The Japanese Anomaly, in Schmitter and Lehmbruch, Trends Toward Corporatist Intermediation (1979), Lonny Carlile, The Labor Movement, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Aurelia George Mulgan, The Farm Lobby, in Inoguchi and Jain, eds., Japanese Politics Today (2011), Aurelia George Mulgan, Farm Reform Shell Game, The Oriental Economist (December 2013), Steven Vogel, When Interests Are Not Preferences: The Cautionary Tale of Japanese Consumers, Comparative Politics (January 1999), Sherry Martin, The Influence of Voters, and Kawato, Pekkanen, and Yamamoto, State and Civil Society in Japan, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), 81-91, Kelly and White, Students, Slackers, Singles, Seniors, and Strangers: Transforming a Family-Nation, in Katzenstein and Shiraishi, eds., Beyond Japan (2006), Suzanne Vogel, The Japanese Family in Transition (2013),

4 7. Rethinking State-Society Relations (3/4) Sheldon Garon, Molding Japanese Minds (1997), 3-22, Frank Schwartz, What Is Civil Society?, Margarita Estevez-Abe, State-Society Partnerships in the Japanese Welfare State, and Susan Pharr, Conclusion, in Schwartz and Pharr, eds., The State of Civil Society in Japan (2003), 23-41, , Simon Avenell, Civil Society and the New Civic Movements in Contemporary Japan: Convergence, Collaboration, and Transformation, Journal of Japanese Studies (Summer 2009), Robin LeBlanc, Bicycle Citizens: The Political World of the Japanese Housewife (1999), Protest and Conflict (3/11) Susan Pharr, Losing Face (1990), especially 1-38, , Patricia Steinhoff, Protest and Democracy, in Ishida and Krauss, eds., Democracy in Japan (1989), Akihiro Ogawa, Young Precariat at the Forefront: Anti-Nuclear Rallies in Post- Fukushima Japan, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies (2013), Apichai Shipper, Fighting for Foreigners (2008), 1-24, Ken Haig, Japanese Immigration Policy, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Yumiko Mikanagi, The Japanese Conception of Citizenship, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Local Politics/ the Media (3/18) Terry MacDougal, Democracy and Local Government in Postwar Japan, in Ishida and Krauss, eds., Democracy in Japan (1989), Sheila Smith, ed., Local Voices, National Issues: The Impact of Local Initiative in Japanese Policy-Making (2000), Lam Peng Er, Local Governance: The Role of Referenda and the Rise of Independent Governors, in Glenn Hook, ed., Contested Governance in Japan (2005), Saito and Yamada, Local Government in Japan, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Richard Samuels, 3.11 Disaster and Change in Japan (2013), Kay Shimizu, Electoral Consequences of Municipal Mergers, in Kushida and Lipscy, eds., Japan Under the DPJ (2013), Laurie Freeman, Mobilizing and Demobilizing the Japanese Public Sphere: Mass Media and the Internet in Japan, in Schwartz and Pharr, eds., The State of Civil Society in Japan (2003), Krauss and Pekkanen, Masaki Taniguchi, Changing Media, Changing Politics in Japan, Japanese Journal of Political Science (April 2007), Yoshisuke Iinuma, Media Matters, Oriental Economist (January 2010),

5 10. Post-Bubble Political Economy (4/1) William Grimes, Unmaking the Japanese Miracle (2001), xv-xix, 1-29, Steven Vogel, Japan Remodeled (2006), 1-77, , Gene Park, The Politics of Scarcity: Fixing Japan s Public Finances, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Steven Vogel, Japan s Information Technology Challenge, in Breznitz and Zysman, eds., The Third Globalization (2013), Kushida and Shimizu, Overview: Japan s Political and Economic Transformations Since the 1990s, in Kushida, Shimizu, and Oi, eds., Syncretism: The Politics of Economic Restructuring and Political Reform in Japan (forthcoming). 11. Domestics Politics and Foreign Policy (4/8) Kenneth Pyle, Profound Forces in the Making of Modern Japan, Journal of Japanese Studies (Summer 2006) Heginbotham and Samuels, "Mercantile Realism and Japanese Foreign Policy," International Security (Spring 1998), Kent Calder, "Japanese Foreign Economic Policy Formation: Explaining the Reactive State," World Politics (July 1988), Michael Green, Japan s Reluctant Realism (2003), Richard Samuels, Securing Japan (2007), 1-60, , T.J. Pempel, An Economic Step Toward Revitalizing Japan and U.S.-Japan Ties, in Bong and Pempel, eds., Japan In Crisis (2012), Gerald Curtis, Japan s Cautious Hawks: Why Tokyo is Unlikely to Pursue an Aggressive Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs (March/ April 2013), Michael Green, Japan is Back: Unbundling Abe s Grand Strategy, Lowy Institute Analysis (December 2013). 12. Post- 93 Politics I: Transition and Electoral Reform (4/15) Gerald Curtis, The Logic of Japanese Politics (1999), Ichiro Ozawa, Blueprint for a New Japan (1994), Raymond Christensen, The New Japanese Election System, Pacific Affairs (Spring 1996), Ethan Scheiner, Does Electoral System Reform Work? Electoral System Lessons from Reforms of the 1990s, Annual Review of Political Science (2008), Ethan Scheiner, The Electoral System and Japan s Partial Transformation, in Kushida and Lipscy, eds., Japan Under the DPJ (2013), Steven Reed, Winning Elections in Japan s New Electoral Environment, in Inoguchi and Jain, eds., Japanese Politics Today (2011), Matthew Carlson, Money in Japanese Politics, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Krauss and Pekkanen, 65-99,

6 13. Post- 93 Politics II: Party Competition (4/22) T.J. Pempel, Between Pork and Productivity: The Collapse of the Liberal Democratic Party, Journal of Japanese Studies (Summer 2010), Leonard Schoppa, Path Dependence in the Evolution of Japan s Party System Since 1993, in Schoppa, ed., The Evolution of Japan s Party System (2011), Krauss and Pekkanen, , Reed, Scheiiner, and Thies, The End of LDP Dominance and the Rise of Party-Oriented Politics in Japan, Journal of Japanese Studies (Summer 2012), Patrick Koellner, The Democratic Party of Japan, in Alisa Gaunder, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics (2011), Kushida and Lipscy, The Rise and Fall of the Democratic Party of Japan; and Kenji Kushida, The DPJ s Political Response to the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, in Kushida and Lipscy, eds., Japan Under the DPJ (2013), 3-34, Endo, Pekkanen, and Reed, The LDP s Path Back to Power, in Pekkanen, Reed, and Scheiner, eds., Japan Decides 2012 (2013), The DPJ Manifesto (2009), 1-5. Steven Vogel, Japan s Long Road to Competitive Politics, Current History (September 2010). LDP Didn t Win; DPJ Lost, The Oriental Economist (January 2013), 1-3. Abe Gains Both Houses of Diet, The Oriental Economist (August 2013), Presentations (4/29)

7 PAPER AND PRESENTATION ASSIGNMENTS BOOK REVIEW AND PRESENTATION (Weeks 2-12) Write a 1500 word (about 5 pages) review of one of the books from the list on the following pages. You may also select a Japanese-language book or another book not on the list in consultation with the instructor. You will be asked to give a 5-10 minute presentation during the appropriate class session (depending on the book), and then to submit the written review at the following class session. Analyze and critique the book s argument rather than summarizing its content. Compare and contrast the book to course readings, especially those assigned for that week. For this presentation, as for the research paper presentation, please provide a short (two page maximum) outline for your classmates, including a brief summary of the book's main argument and your comments/ criticisms, and post the outline on bcourses by 5 p.m. the day before class. We will determine the book review assignments during the second class session (1/28). Make sure to get hold of your book (from the library or the professor) as soon as possible. RESEARCH PAPER AND PRESENTATION Write a 6000 word (about 20 pages) research paper, and give a 5-10 minute presentation of your findings to the class (4/22 or 4/29). Consult me about your topic early in the semester. The due dates are as follows: one-paragraph proposal 3/14 (required), full draft 5/2 (strongly encouraged but not required), final draft by 11 AM on 5/14. You may also write a literature review essay for your final paper. If you choose this option, consult me early on regarding topics and readings, and make sure to get hold of the readings as soon as possible. bcourses READING MEMOS Write a short (250 words maximum) memo on the week s readings and post it on the bcourses site by 5 p.m. the day before class any 8 weeks during the semester. Make sure to read your classmates memos before class. The memos may take a variety of forms: 1) a critique of one or more of the readings, 2) a comparison/ contrast of two or more authors, 3) questions about the readings, 4) a proposal of a topic for class discussion. Given the short length, you may write the memo in outline or list form. Feel free to experiment. We will discuss some of the memos in class.

8 BOOKS FOR REVIEW 2. The Historical Legacy (1/28) Barrington Moore, Jr., Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (1966). Robert Scalapino, Democracy and the Party Movement in Prewar Japan (1953). Tetsuo Najita, Hara Kei in the Politics of Compromise (1967). Peter Duus, Party Rivalry and Political Change in Taisho Japan (1968). 3. The 1955 System (2/4) * Ethan Scheiner, Democracy Without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One- Party Dominant State (2006). John Dower, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II (1999). Gerald Curtis, Election Campaigning Japanese Style (1971). Richard Samuels, Machiavelli s Children: Leaders and Their Legacies in Italy and Japan (2003). 4. The Developmental State Thesis, Critics, and Alternatives (2/11) Meredith Woo-Cumings, ed., The Developmental State (1999). Masahiko Aoki, Information, Incentives, and Bargaining in the Japanese Economy (1988). Kent Calder, Crisis and Compensation: Public Policy and Political Stability in Japan (1988). Richard Samuels, The Business of the Japanese State: Energy Markets in Comparative and Historical Perspective (1986). Daniel Okimoto, Between MITI and the Market: Industrial Policy for High Technology (1989). Bai Gao, Economic Ideology and Japanese Industrial Policy: Developmentalism From 1931 to 1965 (1997). 5. Models of the Policy Process (2/18) * Junko Kato, The Politics of Bureaucratic Rationality: Tax Politics in Japan (1994). Tiana Norgren, Abortion Before Birth Control: The Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Japan (2001). Brian Woodall, Japan Under Construction: Corruption, Politics, and Public Works (1996). Keith Nitta, The Politics of Structural Education Reform (2008). 6. Interest Groups: Business, Labor, Farmers (2/25) * Mari Miura, Welfare Through Work: Conservative Ideas, Partisan Dynamics, and Social Protection in Japan (2012).

9 7. Rethinking State-Society Relations (3/4) * Mary Alice Haddad, Building Democracy in Japan (2012). Rieko Kage, Civic Engagement in Postwar Japan: The Revival of a Defeated Society (2011). Simon Avenell, Making Japanese Citizens: Civil Society and the Mythology of the Shimin in Postwar Japan ((2010). Robert Pekkanen, Japan s Dual Civil Society: Members Without Advocates (2006). Robin LeBlanc, Bicycle Citizens: The Political World of the Japanese Housewife (1999). Robin LeBlanc, The Art of the Gut: Manhood, Power, and Ethics in Japanese Politics (2010). Sherry Martin, Popular Democracy in Japan: How Gender and Community Are Changing Modern Electoral Politics (2011). David Leheny, The Rules of Play: National Identity and the Shaping of Japanese Leisure (2003). Patricia Maclachlan, Consumer Politics in Postwar Japan: The Institutional Boundaries of Citizen Activism (2002). 8. Protest and Conflict (3/11) Erin Chung, Immigration and Citizenship in Japan (2010). Apichai Shipper, Fighting for Foreigners: Immigration and Its Impact on Japanese Democracy (2008). Setsu Shigematsu, Scream From the Shadows: The Women s Liberation Movement in Japan (2012). Timothy George, Minamata: Pollution and the Struggle for Democracy in Postwar Japan (2002). Jeffrey Broadbent, Environmental Politics in Japan: Networks of Power and Protest (1998). Eric Feldman, The Ritual of Rights in Japan: Law, Society, and Health Policy (2000). 9. Local Politics/ the Media (3/18) Koichi Nakano, Party Politics and Decentralization in Japan and France: When the Opposition Governs (2010). Laurie Freeman, Closing the Shop: Information Cartels and Japan's Mass Media (2000). Ellis Krauss, Broadcasting Politics in Japan: NHK and Television News (2000). Michio Muramatsu, Local Power in the Japanese State (1997).

10 10. Post-Bubble Political Economy (4/1) * Gene Park, Spending Without Taxation: FILP and the Politics of Public Finance in Japan (2011). Pepper Culpepper, Quiet Politics and Business Power: Corporate Control in Europe and Japan (2011). Margarita Estevez-Abe, Welfare and Capitalism in Postwar Japan (2008). Patricia Maclachlan, The People s Post Office: The History and Politics of the Japanese Postal System, (2011). Kathryn Ibata-Arens, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Japan: Politics, Organizations, and High Technology Firms (2009). Leonard Schoppa, Race for the Exits: The Unraveling of Japan s System of Social Protection (2006). Jennifer Amyx, Japan s Financial Crisis: Institutional Rigidity and Reluctant Change (2004). Gregory Kasza, One World of Welfare: Japan in Comparative Perspective (2006). T.J. Pempel, Regime Shift: Comparative Dynamics of the Japanese Political Economy (1998). William Grimes, Unmaking the Japanese Miracle: Macroeconomic Politics (2001). 11. Domestics Politics and Foreign Policy (4/8) Kenneth Pyle, Japan Rising: The Resurgence of Japanese Power and Purpose (2007). Christian Winkler, The Quest for Japan s New Constitution: An Analysis of Visions and Constitutional Reform Proposals (2010). David Leheny, Think Global, Fear Local: Sex, Violence, and Anxiety in Contemporary Japan (2006). Kim Reimann, The Rise of Japanese NGOs: Activism From Above (2010). Jennifer Lind, Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics (2008). Jennifer Chan-Tiberghien, Gender and Human Rights Politics in Japan: Global Norms and Domestic Networks (2004). 12. Post- 93 Politics (4/15) * Pekkanen, Reed, and Scheiner, eds., Japan Decides 2012: The Japanese General Election (2013). * Richard Samuels, 3.11 Disaster and Change in Japan (2013). Kushida and Lipscy, eds., Japan Under the DPJ: The Politics of Transition and Governance (2013). Tomohito Shinoda, Contemporary Japanese Politics: Institutional Changes and Power Shifts (2013). Leonard Schoppa, ed., The Evolution of Japan s Party System (2013). Kabashima and Steel, Changing Politics in Japan (2010). Alisa Gaunder, Political Reform in Japan: Leadership Looming Large (2007). Matthew Carlson, Money Politics in Japan: New Rules, Old Practices (2007). Sarah Hyde, The Transformation of the Japanese Left: From Old Socialists to New Democrats (2009).