The Girl as Soldier & Slave: Bridging Public Health & Human Rights in Violence Prevention
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1 The Girl as Soldier & Slave: Bridging Public Health & Human Rights in Violence Prevention Annalijn Conklin, M.Sc., M.P.H. History & Ethics Department of Sociomedical Sciences
2 Objectives Enumerate the Human Rights treaties applicable to the girl child soldiers Elaborate a vector approach to rights, addressing the multiple & overlapping harms to girl child soldiers
3 The Girl Child in Fighting Forces: The Sierra Leone Civil War One day the rebels attacked the village where I lived. I hid and watched as they killed my relatives and raped my mother and sisters. I thought if I joined their army, I would be safe. In the army, I was trained to use a gun and I performed guard duty. I was often beaten and raped by the other soldiers. One day, a commander wanted me to become his wife, so I tried to escape. They caught me, whipped me, and raped me everyday for many days. When I was just 14, I had a baby. L. Taylor & JB Kroc. Global Dispatch: Girl Child Soldiers. FAWE-Sierra Leone; March 8, 2007
4 Gender- and Age-Specific Harms Reproductive harms Sexual harms Mental Health harms Social & Economic harms Continuing harms
5 Human Rights The girl child soldier - A case study of the Sierra Leone civil war International Human Rights: The current framework Rights implicated by the complex health harms to girls as soldiers & slaves Need for a new framework: A vector approach to rights Conclusion: A Public Health Approach International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights (ICCPR) Human Rights Committee (HRC) in OHCHR Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) CEDAW Committee in Div. for Advancement of Women Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) CRC Committee in OHCHR
6 Rights Implicated by the Complex Reality Civil & Political Rights Girl Child Soldiers Children s Rights Women s Rights
7 We Need A NEW Human Rights Framework!!! Laws of War Civil & Political Rights GIRL CHILD SOLDIER Rights of the Child Economic, Social & Cultural Rights Women s Rights
8 A Vector Approach to Girl Child Soldiers The girl child soldier - A case study of the Sierra Leone civil war International Human Rights: The current framework Rights implicated by the complex health harms to girls as soldiers & slaves Need for a new framework: A vector approach to rights Conclusion: A Public Health Approach A complex whole interaction of multiple, overlapping gender- & age-specific harms Relationship between whole & parts is dynamic & interdependent. National & International obligation for Vector of rights addresses cumulative vulnerability that is not merely additive in nature a complex public health problem
9 A Vector Approach to Girl Child Soldiers The girl child soldier - A case study of the Sierra Leone civil war International Human Rights: The current framework Rights implicated by the complex health harms to girls as soldiers & slaves Need for a new framework: A vector approach to rights Conclusion: A Public Health Approach Theoretical backbone: what does a vector of rights do? Inter-sectionality: acknowledges that rights are indivisible, inter-dependent & inter-related. A breach of any one right impacts the realisation of another, violating the whole vector of rights the net effect is greater than the sum of its parts
10 A Vector Approach to Girl Child Soldiers The girl child soldier - A case study of the Sierra Leone civil war International Human Rights: The current framework Rights implicated by the complex health harms to girls as soldiers & slaves Need for a new framework: A vector approach to rights Conclusion: A Public Health Approach Theoretical backbone: what does a vector of rights do? Changed national obligations: effective implementation of HRs to capture the unique position of GCS not assimilable in either women s or child s rights A dual duty on the State: prevention and treatment of the harms suffered by girl child soldiers
11 A Vector Approach to Girl Child Soldiers The girl child soldier - A case study of the Sierra Leone civil war International Human Rights: The current framework Rights implicated by the complex health harms to girls as soldiers & slaves Need for a new framework: A vector approach to rights Conclusion: A Public Health Approach Theoretical backbone: what does a vector of rights do? National & International obligations for dissolved states apply to all states & non-states a duty on all actors to cooperate to prevent & treat harms belongs to whole internat l community
12 A Vector Approach to Girl Child Soldiers The girl child soldier - A case study of the Sierra Leone civil war International Human Rights: The current framework Rights implicated by the complex health harms to girls as soldiers & slaves Need for a new framework: A vector approach to rights Conclusion: A Public Health Approach Operationalising the vector: what can we do with it? 1. Litigation: International Court of Justice; TRC; etc. 2. HRs monitoring: state reporting; general comments 3. Condition foreign aid & funding for NGO projects on the vector 4. Special Rapporteur on Rights of the GCS 5. Develop dialogic relations through an Inter-Agency Committee on GCS
13 How the Vector Supports Public Health The girl child soldier - A case study of the Sierra Leone civil war International Human Rights: The current framework Rights implicated by the complex health harms to girls as soldiers & slaves Need for a new framework: A vector approach to rights Conclusion: A Public Health Approach Vector of rights considers multiple rights from many perspectives through different institutions PH is an inter-disciplinary method to collective health problems PH examines underlying causes of disease- vector responds to structural factors impacting health PH is a unified framework that makes NO distinction b/w prevention & treatment
14 Acknowledgements Benjamin Mason Meier (co-author) IGERT-International Development and Globalization Fellow, and Public Health Law Project Manager, Center for Health Policy, Columbia University Lindsay Stark Researcher & Project Manager, Program on Forced Migration, Columbia University William E Conklin Editor in Chief, Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice, and Professor of Law, University of Windsor
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