18 th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

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2 Dossiers ** Note from Under-Secretary General of Crisis Committees: In crisis committees it is important to remember the double-sided nature of each persona. Each delegate should maintain a public agenda, while also interacting with crisis to attain his or her personal agenda. The dossier should proffer a framework in which your portfolio powers may operate and give you a starting point in thinking about how you would like to interact with crisis with said portfolio powers. If you have any questions please do not hesitate to me at vamun.crisis@gmail.com Vice President of the PRC Li Yuanchao: Born in Jiangsu Province, Li Yuanchao rose to prominence through the patronage of Hu Jintao, Xi s predecessor. A princeling with an immaculate pedigree, Li was educated at each level of his rise through local posts, including the Provincial Committee secretariat for Jiangsu, to become a member of the 25 member Politburo in Selected as Vice President in March, 2013, Li is a staunch loyalist to Xi with tremendous clout within the Standing Committee. He particularly holds sway over China s foreign affairs, although his power lies more in influence that direct portfolio capabilities. Li would be best served by wielding his influence as a member of the Standing Committee, and with Xi to build consensus during in-committee debate Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress Zhang Dejiang: The third most powerful man in China, Zhang is a careerist party loyalist, with decades of experience in Provincial government. The NPC Chairmen since the March 2013 transition, Zhang served two terms as a regular NPC member. Most notable is his experience as Party Secretary of Guangdong-- where he became a champion for social programs and progressive economic policies. Zhang is a reformer who works within the system. He has a mixed record, drawing criticism for his management of the including the SARS outbreak in the early 2000s, and his suppression of free press. His particular brand of ruthless pragmatism will serve him well as he attempts to maneuver the Standing Committee against the numerous challenges the PRC now faces. Chairman of the CPPCC Yu Zhengsheng: The Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference holds little substantive power. However, in the hands of a capable and resourceful chairman, this largely ceremonial organization can exert influence over all aspects of NPC policy. Yu is just such a Chairman. A former Party Secretary of Hubei Province, he became a member of the Politburo in before spearheading the drive for economic reform on Chinese terms during his tenure as Party Secretary of Shanghai from 2007 to A friend of Deng Xiaoping, Yu comes from an influential family. However, his record is tarnished by the defection of his brother to the United States in Yu is a top power player, handpicked by Xi Jinping to replace him as Party Secretary for Shanghai. He would be best served leveraging his influence, and when relationships fail-- using the soft power of the CCPPC to attack his rivals. As a member of the Standing Committee, he has substantial clout over the NPC agenda in the coming session.

3 Secretary of the Secretariat of the CCP Central Committee Liu Yunshan: Liu is a well connected power player with an unorthodox background. As First-ranked Secretary of the Central Secretariat of the CCP, and a member of the seven man Standing Committee, he wields considerable influence over policy planning, and can set the agenda for NPC meetings. Outside of parliamentary procedure, much of his influence depends on his ability to influence other members through personal friendship. His primary source of power comes from his stint leading the Central Propaganda Department from 2002 to During his tenure, Liu helped build CPD into an effective tool of shaping public opinion. His experience with the public will prove useful as the Standing Committee approves policies that will fundamentally change China s future. Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Wang Qishan: The Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CCP is the primary official body for prosecuting senior officials for corruption. In an endemically corrupt system, it is a tool to wield against political rivals. Loyalty to the party, particularly Xi, has brought Wang substantial influence over the years. He has amassed great personal wealth, serving as the Governor of the China Construction Bank in the 90s before moving into politics at the provincial level in Most notable is his tenure as mayor of Beijing in 2004 after his expert handling of the SARS crisis the previous year. His experience in finance and reputation for efficiency earned him a chair in the NPC, and eventually a spot with the Politburo Standing Committee. The power of his reputation, and the concrete power of his anti-corruption position gives Wang unique agency in a system defined by consensus and personal loyalties. First-Ranked Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli: A member Politburo Standing Committee of the His experience in provincial leadership, and his supervision of the Three Gorges Dam project have allowed him to play a unique role in Chinese domestic development and resource allocation policy. Zhang is the most junior, and least powerful member of the seven man Standing Committee, but his career has been marked at every turn by achievement and advancement. Born into a lower class household, Zhang worked his way up through the private sector after serving time as a company grade military officer in the PLA. He is self-made, highly motivated, and aspires to establish is family among the political dynasties that continue to wield influence over the CCP. Second-Ranked Vice Premier Liu Yandong: The most influential member of Hu Jintao s administration to still hold office, Lui Yandong is the most powerful woman in China. Liu spent most of her career working as a party organizer in Beijing, working her way up to a job as Deputy Party Secretary of Chaoyang. Working for the Communist Youth League in the 80s, she befriended Hu and climbed with him to national prominence in As a member of the Politburo, and later as Vice Premiere, she has substantial influence in domestic policy. An expert in healthcare and recreation, Liu is the leading advocate of healthcare reform. While influential and widely respected, she must be careful not to alienate the more industry-minded members of Xi s clique. Third-Ranked Vice Premier Wang Yang: As Party Secretary of Guangdong, Wang Yang built a reputation as a capable reformist. It is emblematic of the liberalization of

4 China s national leadership that Wang with few family or educational connections to the ruling dynasties holds a seat in the Politburo. Wang s approach of increased personal freedoms economic privatization and economic openness, collectively known as the Guangdong model, has allowed NGOs and trade unions to develop throughout the Southern China. The product of working class ideology, Wang was an early student of Deng s sociopolitical reform movement in the early 80s. Notable is his lack of experience as a party administrator. Instead, he spent most of his career in government civil administration, only moving into CCP positions as his career necessitated further involvement. Serving as the Party Secretary in Chongqing from 2005 to 2007, Wang consistently shifted focus to the working class and by the time he assumed his post in Guangdong he had gained a reputation for egalitarian honesty. Skippin the Central Committee entirely, Wang was appointed to the Politburo in His conviction on the importance private initiative is proven by his refusal to bail out Guangdong financial institutions during the 2008 economic collapse. A hardline ideologue and an outsider, Wang will have to reconcile his personal views with the party line to guide China through the challenges posed in the near future. Fourth-Ranked Vice Premier Ma Kai: A longtime member of the Politburo, Ma has played a pivotal role in planning the economic development and industrial expansion of China. As the country enters a new phase marked by an expanding, well-educated middle class and cooling GDP growth, he is set to play a role in determining China s future. As former head of the National Development and Reform Commission, Ma Kai built up his credentials as a detailed planner, fluent in the minutia of finance. He became the State Councilor of the PRC in 2008 and executed China s course correction following the economic crisis. As Secretary-General of the State Council, he helped in the everyday management of the PRC s domestic and foreign affairs. This combination of academic expertise, practical experience and political connection give Ma great influence to develop a new path for the Chinese economy. Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi: China s lead diplomat, Wang Yi brings to bear years of experience handling some of the region s most sensitive issues. China s foreign policy continues to focus on guaranteeing access to resources abroad and area denial in the South China Sea. This approach inevitably causes friction with the United States and regional powers something that the carefully spoken, well-educated Wang is equipped to deal with. He has served as the PRC s ambassador to Japan, and as special envoy to numerous countries including Somalia, Yemen, Iran, and Pakistan. Wang is well connected, and holds some influence over the Standing Committee s decisions. Ultimately however, he is obligated to implement Chinese diplomatic policy regardless of his personal views. China s continued pursuit of Anti-Access/Area Denial capabilities in the South China Sea present the most immediate and concerning issue. Avoiding a clash will require deft political maneuvering. Minister of Defense Chang Wanquan: China s senior-most authority on defense, Chang Wanquan is a career soldier, defined by his professionalism and advocacy of advanced technology. Commanding at each level of the PLA, Chang is a staunch advocate of training and combat experience as a means for a more effective force. Gruff and honest,

5 he has frequently clashed with other members of the NPC. As the Director of the PLA General Armaments Department, he initiated the development of hardened communications equipment and smart munitions. Chang commands and administrates over the Shenyang Military Region, encompassing all of Northeastern China most notably the well-defended borders with the DPRK and Russian Federation. As China expands its commitment to Anti-Access/Area Denial, and aims to dispute US dominance in the South China Sea, Chang will play a pivotal role in developing Chinese grand strategy. An advisor to the Politburo, his job is to identify and prioritize Chinese interests, and reconcile them with the political realities within Beijing and abroad. Minister of Public Security Guo Shengkun: Responsible for law enforcement and public security, Guo Shengkun has helped transform Chinese police into a professional-- if more militarized-- force. A successful and politically connected businessman, Guo leveraged those personal relationships to become the junior-most State Councilor. His experience in the ore extraction and metal refinement industries, personal relationships, and substantial portfolio powers grant him influence into Chinese domestic decisionmaking. Minister of State Security Geng Huichang: The Minister of State Security overseas the domestic security and surveillance apparatus that ensure CCP predominance. In a country once governed by force, the one party system has been maintained by a mixture of benevolence towards the majority, and stern prosecution of dissidents. China, pressured by a burgeoning middle class and nationalist movements in the autonomous provinces must negotiate the transition to a more open society while maintaining control. This obscure man is well suited to be the firm hand that enforces the Politburo s policies. Ministry of Supervision Huang Shuxian: While the Minister of State Security ensures domestic stability, the Ministry of Supervision enforces loyalty within the CCP. In practice, Huang Shuxian s job is far less sinister than it sounds. He oversees the national, provincial and local supervision of party and government officials that help limit graft and corruption. His position makes him central to Chinese domestic policy. He is a career party member, who worked up through the ranks rather than leverage political connections. Minister of Taiwan Affairs Zhang Zhijun: Taiwan presents an evolving challenge to the new China. Established as a propaganda move to deny the legitimacy of the nationalist Republic of China, the Taiwan Affairs Office now pursues mutually beneficial policies of trade and political conciliation. Tied up in the military aspirations, China s wayward province is a benchmark for China s expanding power projection capabilities. Zhang Zhijun, who assumed office in 2013 with the new Politburo, has consistently called for reconciliation, and gradual integration. It remains to be seen how this potential flashpoint will be handled as China flexes its new hard power and influence. Chairman of the NDRC Xu Shaoshi: The National Development and Reform Commission is tasked with the long term planning and administration of China s economy. As private enterprise continues to gain traction, the hybridized private/public model requires constant adjustment as China s growth gradually slows and the cost of

6 production rises with the standards of living. As Chinese markets continue to fluctuate, Xu Shaoshi is faced with challenging issues, most notably the country s artificially depressed currency, control of the investment and finance, and mass urbanization. Xu is also a junior figure, with a background in resource administration rather than the party executives that run the Standing Committee. Though he holds the direct levers of power, he will have to contend with the more senior and often contradictory opinions from the NPC. Party Chief of Beijing Guo Jinlong: Historically, the Party Secretary of Beijing is on a fast track to the Politburo-- or even the Standing Committee. Guo is a party veteran, he has extensive experience in provincial politics-- most notably his tenure as Party Secretary of Tibet from 2000 to However, he is a lame duck. At 68 years old, Guo reaches the mandatory retirement age from Party Congress in This puts him in a unique position: he can enact any policies in the capital, and influence other Party Chiefs, without regard for his career. He can bring the full weight of influence earned throughout his career to bear however he wishes. Party Chief of Chongqing Sun Zhengcai: Regional officials are closer to the everyday administration of municipalities, and wield great influence over how national policies are implemented in their major metropolitan areas. Each of the four direct-controlled municipalities have been deemed large enough to be governed separate from the provinces. The twenty eight million people that live in Chongqing and numerous industries are all overseen by Sun-- who has a hand both in the development of national policy and its implementation. Sun is young and ambitious. As China adapts, this job presents a unique opportunity for advancement. Party Chief of Guangdong: Hu Chunhua: Regional officials are closer to the everyday administration of municipalities, and wield great influence over how national policies are implemented in regions. As the Party Secretary of Guangdong Province, Hu overseas the Southernmost province of China. One hundred million people live in Guangdong, most centered around the major cities. With a trillion-dollar GDP, numerous free trade zones, and a burgeoning technology industry, Guangdong province is central to Chinese economic development. Hu is brilliant-- a product of stellar education and ambition. His self-made meteoric rise through the national party structure allowed him this prestigious post at a young age. A junior member of Xi s clique, he will continue to rise in the coming years-- or be consumed by the challenges of his post, or the politics that plague the Politburo. Party Chief of Shanghai Han Zheng: Regional officials are closer to the everyday administration of municipalities, and wield great influence over how national policies are implemented in their major metropolitan areas. Each of the four direct-controlled municipalities have been deemed large enough to be governed separate from the provinces. Shanghai, as the center of Chinese financial aspirations, is at the center of an evolving fiscal policy. Han Zheng has been trusted with overseeing the transformation of the metropole. As a member of the Politburo they have a direct line to the highest level of Chinese decisionmaking. If Han plays his cards right, this Shanghai native and political

7 power player could jump a few rung of the national leadership directly to the Standing Committee. Party Chief of Xinjiang Zhang Chunxian: Xinjiang, an autonomous border region in northwest China, is a hotbed for ethnic and religious unrest. Uyghur Chinese, who harbor both nationalist ambition and a history of independent government, are chafing under the rule of a Han Chinese dominated CCP. A party loyalist born in Hunan, Zhang made a name for himself as an administrator-- managing the development of civil infrastructure in the Northwest. As Party Secretary of Hunan Province he towed the party line-- and advanced steadily through the last three Central Committees. Zhang will play a pivotal role in determining the future of Xinjiang and the millions of Ughur Chinese-- both in Beijing and in Ürümqi implementing policy. Head of the Central Politics and Law Commission of the CCP Meng Jianzhu: The Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission manages the Central Committee s flexible relationship with the legal system, and with the larger political machinations of the CCP. It also supervises the Chinese law enforcement and internal security apparatus that are central to the Party s continued power. Meng Jianzhu s portfolio includes developing policy for enforcement in the autonomous regions, and determining both the role and capabilities of law enforcement going forward. Is China s internal surveillance state compatible with a burgeoning middle class-- and how will the state respond to internal pressures as it grows? In the coming years Meng will help determine China s course. Head of the Publicity Department Liu Qibao: In a state controlled by a single party, publicity in a pretty name for Propaganda. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China manages and distributes the message of the state, both domestically and abroad. Exactly how it accomplishes this is wrapped in secrecy. Liu is a party hardliner, who has been tasked with managing the disconnect between the Politburo s communism with Chinese characteristics, and traditional communist doctrine. The former Party Chief of Guangxi Province, and later Sichuan Province. He succeeded Liu Yunshan-- and maintains a close relationship with him. The Standing Committee will rely heavily on Liu to maintain public support as it tackles all aspects of Chinese policy. Head of the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party Sun Chunlan: The United Front Work Department functions as internal diplomatic service, managing the working relationships between the Communist Party and other non-aligned organizations. Officially, it coordinates these organizations to better facilitate the objectives of the State and the CCP. Unofficially, it negotiates mutually beneficial settlements, allowing the increasingly powerful financial and social interests to coexist with the CCP hierarchy. Sun Chunlan, a former Party Secretary of Tianjin and Fujian, has been tasked to oversee these negotiations. Her focus within the Politburo is keeping the peace between social interest groups representing the general population and industry moguls-- and building support for whatever policies they choose to pursue.

8 Vice Chairman of the CMC Xu Qiliang: The Central Military Commission supervises, and in some cases directly administers Chinese defense procurement and doctrine. It coordinates the efforts of all branches of the Chinese military, and has been pivotal in the continuing expansion of Chinese military strength. Concerns about access to resources abroad have driven the development of expeditionary and naval warfare capabilities. In addition to a modernized nuclear arsenal, Anti-Access and Area Denial doctrine, and improved air defense operations-- the CMC must adapt to the shifting politics of the region. Xu, as an Air Force general, is well positioned to influence both policy through the Politburo and supervise execution within the military. Xu primarily focuses on the air war, notably the JH-11 and DF-21 programs. Vice Chairman of the CMC Fan Changlong: The Central Military Commission supervises, and in some cases directly administers Chinese defense procurement and doctrine. It coordinates the efforts of all branches of the Chinese military, and has been pivotal in the continuing expansion of Chinese military strength. Concerns about access to resources abroad have driven the development of expeditionary and naval warfare capabilities. In addition to a modernized nuclear arsenal, Anti-Access and Area Denial doctrine, and improved air defense operations-- the CMC must adapt to the shifting politics of the region. Fan Changlong, a PLA general, is jointly responsible for the CMC. He has focused on land and naval capabilities. For example, he has advocated restructuring the army into a smaller, more technologically advanced force through a variety of programs. Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress Li Jianguo: The National People s Congress serves as the larger body of the CCP s governing body. Li worked his way up through the Provincial party structure, working through posts in Shandong Province, eventually working his way up to the Party Chief of Tianjin. As the Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC, Li oversees the daily functions of the congressional body-- and overseas the relationship between the lower CCP bodies and executive leadership. He whips up popular support for the Politburo decisions, or influences them by leveraging his own influence with the general Party. Director of the Policy Research Office of the CCP Central Committee Wang Huning: The Policy Research Office of the CCP Central Committee is the primary research organ that informs the CCP s decision making apparatus. Wang is an academic who got into politics by his own merit. As a Central Committee member, he holds undue influence with the Politburo. Minister of Industry and IT Miao Wei: The Minister of Industry and Information Technology is develops and regulates the country s communication and technology infrastructure. China s continued development requires massive investment in communication. Ensure the consistent and well coordinated implementation of the Politburo s economic policies. As the global economy slows, and the business cycle places strain on the fledgling system-- Miao Wei s development plans are faced with serious challenges. In the coming years, the self-made businessman and politician will

9 have to leverage his connections within the Politburo and in industry to build a cohesive strategy for China s IT infrastructure-- and lay the foundation for the country s future. Minister of Justice Wu Aiying: The Minister of Justice is not a traditional politician. Rather than advancing through political connections, she built her reputation based on integrity and competence. Assuming her post in 2005, Wu has spent the last decade forging the country s law enforcement and legal apparatus into an effective anticorruption machine. However, her reach is limited by the objectives of the Politburo. In a country run by loyalty, graft and selective enforcement of standards-- she must work closely with the Ministers of Public Security, State Security, and Supervision. In the coming years she could seek personal advancement, using her political savvy to earn the good graces of the Standing Committee leadership-- or seek to enforce the rule of law, and risk making powerful enemies. Minister of Finance Lou Jiwei: China s economic miracle is due to its control and coordination of capital. Lou Jiwei will play a critical role in deciding China s future-- which depends upon continued growth and development. Lou has experience in local government-- serving as the Vice-Governor of Guizhou Province and Vice-Minister of Finance. However, as Xi s clique solidified their reach over the past few years, Lou remained. He was kept in place by role in tax reform and amassing China s foreign exchange reserves. As China s development cools, the Minister of Finance will have to leverage all his resources to sustain the system he helped build. Minister of the Environment Zhou Shengxian: China is the world s largest polluter. As its urban population grows, they are literally choking on their own progress. For the long term sustainability of the Chinese economy, the Minister of Environmental Protection must leverage his political connections within the Politburo to craft a comprehensive sustainability plan. As the global economy cools, new strain will be placed on industry-- who historically have resisted any of the expensive reforms necessary to limit their environmental impact. NHFPC Commissioner Li Bin: The National Health and Family Planning Commission is the umbrella organization for the country s health infrastructure. A burgeoning urban working class has drastically increased the demand for modern medical care. Li Bin is tasked with all aspects of the health of China. She must work with the Politburo to prevent epidemics, develop preventative and emergency care, and even regulate future population control policies. The Commission, established by Li in 2013, is purpose-built to handle crises and systemic issues alike-- and will be tested over the coming transition from a developing nation to a developed society. Chief of the CCP General Office Li Zhanzhu: The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party manages the legislative agenda of both the Central Committee and the Politburo. As Chief of the General Office, Li has been entrusted with prioritizing issues, and advising the Standing Committee on political affairs. Li is closely connected with Xi Jinping s clique-- and is slated for advancement into the Politburo over the coming years.

10 He is ruthless and skilled political operative, who works closely with the Standing Committee to whip support for Xi s agenda. Head of the Organization Department of the CCP Central Committee Zhao Leji: The CCP Central Committee Secretariat is entrusted with executing on many of the Politburo s legal and policy decisions. Zhao and Liu Yunshan serve as enforcers or diplomats as necessary. Zhao works closely with the Standing Committee to whip up support within the CCP Central Committee, where he commands influence through personal relationships and reputation. He is young for senior leadership, having only quickly served in provincial party. Most importantly, Zhao serves as the Head of the Organization Department for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms. Officially led by Xi Jinping himself, but run day to day by Zhao, the Department is tasked with crafting new policy to further expand China s economic growth.

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