1800s Reform Movements Mini DBQ

Transcription

1 Name: Date: 1800s Reform Movements Mini DBQ DBQ QUESTION: Compare and Contrast the missions of the Temperance and Prison Reform movements in America in the early 1800s. DIRECTIONS: Use the documents in the packet to answer the topic question above using specific evidence in a top-down web. You will have today in class to analyze the documents using the guiding questions below each one, and tomorrow you will complete the top-down web and compare/contrast organizer. Exercise A. Analyzing sources to help answer the question Directions: Answer the analysis questions that follow each source provided. SOURCE #1 Analysis Questions 1. Describe the conditions in American prisons in the early 1800s. 2. Based on this report of Pre-Prison reform conditions, describe the Mission of the prison reform movement in the early 1800s

2 SOURCE #1: Prison Reform

3 SOURCE #2: Prison Reform Methods of Reform There were two primary systems of prison reform used in the 19th century: the Pennsylvania System, or Separate System; and the Auburn System, also known as the Silent System. Pennsylvania System 24-hour separation that consisted of work, feeding, and occasional vocational instruction Cherry Hill Penitentiary, or the Eastern State Penitentiary, used this system in 1829 Relied upon solitary confinement as opposed to labor New inmates were forced to wear a hood when escorted to their cell, so they wouldn't see other prisoners Lockstep and single-file marching were used, with prisoners heads turned to the right Visitors, mail, and newspapers were banned Some conveniences were central heating, flush toilets, exercise, occupation, and proper sanitation Goal was to destroy sense of "criminal community" and encourage penance This design was very influential in U.S. history Auburn System Individual sleeping cells, some have been recorded to be about 2 1/2 by 61/2 feet Inmates forced to work in shops in silence all day Auburn Prison, built in 1821 in Auburn NY, was first of two prisons authorized by New York law of 1816 Emphasis on individuality in architecture - in order to create an environment to reform and teach criminals habits of order by using discipline Prisoners labored 10 hours a day for 6 days a week Influenced reform schools and workhouses to open in the 1820s "The Prison Reform Movement." American Social Reform Movements Reference Library. Ed. Carol Brennan, et al. Vol. 2: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, U.S. History in Context. Web. 24 Mar SOURCE #2 Analysis Questions 3. What do the two systems of prison reform have in common? 4. How do the two systems differ? 5. Based on these systems, describe the MISSION of the prison reform movement in the early 1800s.

4 SOURCE #3: Temperance Temperance Song by Anonymous, printed between 1840 and 1860 Source #3 Analysis Questions 6. According to the Temperance song, what problems resulted from alcohol?

5 7. Based on this song, describe the MISSION of the temperance movement in the early 1800s. SOURCE #4: For some years dissension had been developing among the reformers about whether the goals of the organization were temperance or total abstinence. One group thought that the use of wine and malt beverages was not harmful. Also, in the case of wine, it was felt that a ban would conflict with sacramental uses and with certain scriptural passages. The total abstinence supporters felt that the pledge should ban the use of anything that could intoxicate, pointing out that wine and beer stimulated a craving for stronger drink Legislation. By mid-19th century nearly every state had some law licensing the sale of alcoholic beverages, but fees were low and regulations were lax. Urged on by reformers, various states experimented with firmer regulations and with local option. Massachusetts passed a law in 1838 that prohibited the selling of liquor in less than 15-gallon quantities. Many liquor dealers refused to obey the law, and their cases aroused a great deal of public interest. Finally, in 1840, the legislature repealed the law. Reliance was placed on local option laws that proved to be quite effective. But the victories were short-lived; some of these laws were declared unconstitutional, others repealed as a result of a change in public sentiment. By 1863 only six states still had prohibition statutes, and five of these subsequently repealed such laws. LANGLEY, H. D. "Temperance Movements." New Catholic Encyclopedia. 2nd ed. Vol. 13. Detroit: Gale, U.S. History in Context. Web. 24 Mar SOURCE #4 Analysis Questions 8. What different opinions existed within the temperance movement itself? (1 st paragraph)

6 9. Describe the Legislative efforts for the Temperance movement. How successful were they? Explain.