The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Division of Humanities. HUMA 4700 Confucianism in a Global Context. Fall 2012

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1 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Division of Humanities HUMA 4700 Confucianism in a Global Context Fall 2012 Room 4333 Tues & Thurs 9:00-10:20 Professor Charles W.H. Chan Office hours: Tues & Fri 10:30-12:00 Office: Rm. 3353, Tel.: , hmwhchan@ust.hk Objectives: This course is designed to introduce Confucianism as a major intellectual tradition not only in China and East Asia, but also in the global age of today. Description: Confucianism had repeatedly been blamed for the backwardness prevalent over the entire East Asian region for more than a century ever since the intrusion of the Western powers in the mid-19 th Century. However, starting from the 1970s, as scholars have increasingly turned to it in explanation of the remarkable economic, social and cultural growth in almost all of the countries in the region, namely Japan and the so-called four little dragons, there has been a tremendous upsurge of interest in the Confucian tradition, which, rather ironically, has now been characterized as going through a creative transformation. What is even more striking is that not only has Confucianism generally been perceived as the key to some of the dynamic forces that underlie the contemporary success of the East Asian region, but it has also gradually been recognized as a living tradition that has indeed moved into the Western world along with the East Asian Diaspora, making it very much an active participant in the larger global community. Its potential impact on the world can well be detected from such testimony as the one given by a Western scholar who proclaims himself as a Boston Confucian, which states that the Confucian tradition is one of the great intellectual achievements of humankind.the Confucian Dao represents one of the supreme human systems of study, contemplation, speculation, and action. Whether for the purpose of understanding the modes of thought of the Chinese, the Korean, the Japanese, or that of the East Asians as a whole or for the simple reason that it is already one of the major intellectual traditions of mankind the significance of which is comparable to that of Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism, Confucianism is definitely something worthy of serious study in the 1

2 world today. To introduce students to this ancient and yet living tradition, this course will first adopt a historical approach. Following a chronological order, it will focus on the most influential Confucian thinkers whose thoughts have significantly shaped the tradition. These surveys will not only simply show the unfolding of Confucianism through its ebb and flow, but also demonstrate how the tradition has indeed originated, consolidated, reformulated, adapted, transformed, revived and rejuvenated. To account for these developments in the most effective way, the thoughts of these eminent Confucian thinkers will, of course, have to be studied against the complicated historical background from which they emerged, which necessarily include such intertwining factors as the economy, society and politics of their times. The course will also adopt intercultural and comparative approaches for the very reason that the history of Confucianism is, in actuality, both an international and intercultural phenomenon. Rather than purely a tradition indigenous to China, Confucianism has long been enthusiastically appropriated by generations of thinkers in Korea and Japan and, more recently, by scholars and thinkers in the West as well. Their persistent efforts to reinterpret the tradition adopted from China is indeed the most enduring and powerful force that enables Confucianism to continue to grow in foreign lands. On the other hand, in order to spread and grow, consciously or unconsciously, it is not infrequent the case that Confucianism adjusts itself to the various cultural environments in which it is placed. To explain these adaptations, cultural factors will have to be taken into consideration. Apart from these contextual approaches, textual analysis will also be employed when looking into the thoughts of the major Confucian thinkers in China, Korea and Japan. Though in translation, primary sources, such as excerpts from the Confucian Five Classics and Four Books, will not only be used when giving lectures, but also be required to be studied by students in preparation for tutorial sessions, in order to ensure that an original understanding of the tradition will ultimately be gained. Preliminary Schedule of Lectures: Weeks Dates Topics Recommended readings 1 11 & 13 Sept Introduction Confucianism, Confucian Way, Rozman, The East Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Adaptation, & 20 Sept Early Chinese religious & philosophical orientations: the ritual-musical tradition before Confucius 3 25 & 27 Sept Confucius as transmitter and innovator Schwartz, The World of Thought in Ancient China, Confucianism,

3 Characteristics of his social and political philosophy as compared to Mohism, Daoism and Legalism 4-5 4, 9 & 11 Oct The defenders of the Way: Mencius and Xunzi 6 16 & 18 Oct Responses to challenges from Neo-Daoism and Buddhism I: Cheng-Zhu s version of Neo-Confucianism 7 25 Oct Responses to challenges from Neo-Daoism and Buddhism II: Yangming s version of Neo-Confucianism 8 30 Oct & 1 Nov The Confucianization of the Korean society and the adoption of the Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism as state orthodoxy 9 6 & 8 Nov The Four-Seven Debate between Yi T oegye and Yi Yulgok & 15 Nov The adaptation of Confucianism in early Japan, the ascendancy to orthodoxy of Shushigaku and the spread of Yomeigaku in the Tokugawa period & 22 Nov Critics of the Neo-Confucian schools: The Ancient Learning of Yamaga Soko, Ito Jinsai and Ogyu Sorai & 29 Nov Modern New Confucianism as a movement to explore the modernity in the Confucian values 13 4 & 6 Dec Confucianism in the West: Past and Present Confucian Way, Schwartz, The World of Thought in Ancient China, Confucianism, Confucian Way, Schwartz, The World of Thought in Ancient China, Confucianism, Confucian Way, Confucianism, Confucian Way, Confucianism, Confucian Way, Same as above. Confucianism, Confucian Way, Same as above. Confucianism, Confucian Way, To be determined. Outcomes: 1. By the end of the course, students will acquire the knowledge of the major trends of developments of Confucianism in the past: how it originated and consolidated in ancient China, reformulated and revitalized in the Song and Ming periods, and adapted and transformed in traditional Korea and Japan. 3

4 2. In addition, they will also attain a good understanding of how Confucianism develops in the modern period, both in the East and the West. 3. Above all, they will gain a mastery of the basic tenets of Confucianism as one of the major religious and philosophical traditions of mankind. Assessment: 1. Classroom performances (30%): Students are expected to involve actively in classroom discussions. In addition, they are also required to do one to two presentations in a semester, either as an individual or in a group. 2. Research paper or book report (35%): Students are required to write an academic paper on a subject chosen from one of the above topics or a critical review on a book selected from the List of References. The paper or the report should be within 4000 words, neatly typed and double-spaced. Marks will be deducted from too short a report, with 5% per each hundred words. The paper or the report is due normally two weeks before the end of the semester. Unless exceptional contingencies, request for extension will not be entertained. Penalty will also be applied to late reports, with a daily deduction of 5 %. 3. Final examination (35%): The examination will last for two hours, covering both the lectures and the tutorials. List of References: I. East Asian Confucianism: 1. Yao, Xin-zhong. An Introduction to Confucianism. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, [BL1852.Y ] 2. Berthrong, John H & Evelyn Nagai Berthrong. Confucianism: A Short Introduction. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications, [BL1852.B ] 3. Eisenstadt, S. N. Multiple Modernities. Daedalus, 129 (Winter 2000), pp [Q11. A54; Access via ProQuest] 4. Berthrong, John H. Transformation of the Confucian Way. Colorado: Westview Press, [B127.C65 B ] 5. Bloom, Irene and Joshua A. Fogel, eds. Meeting of Minds: Intellectual and Religious Interaction in East Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays in Honor of Wing-tsit Chan and William Theodore de Bary. New York: Columbia University Press, [B127.C65 M ] 6. Rozman, Gilbert, ed. The East Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Adaptation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, [B5233.C6 E ] 7. de Bary, William T. East Asian Civilizations: A Dialogue in Five Stages. Mass.: Harvard UP, [DS509.3.D ] 4

5 8. De Vos, George and Takao Sofue. Religion and the Family in East Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press, [BL625.6.R ] 9. Abe, Yoshio. Development of Neo-Confucianism in Japan, Korea and China: A Comparative Study. Acta Asiatica, 19 (1970), pp II. Chinese Confucianism: 1. Liu, Shu-hsien. Essentials of Contemporary Neo-Confucian Philosophy. CT: Praeger Publishers, [B5233 N45 L ] 2. Ivanhoe, Philip J. Ethics in the Confucian Tradition: the Thought of Mengzi and Wang Yang-ming. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub. Co., [BJ117.I ] 3. Kern, Martin. Ritual, Text, and the Formation of the Canon: Historical Transitions of wen in Early China. T ung Pao, 86 (2001). 4. debary, Wm Theodore and Richard Lufrano, eds. Sources of Chinese Tradition. 2 nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press, [DS721.D v.2] 5. debary, Wm Theodore and Irene Bloom, eds. Sources of Chinese Tradition. 2 nd ed. Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, [DS721.D v.1] 6. Liu, Shu-hsien. Understanding Confucian Philosophy: Classical and Sung-Ming. CT: Greenwood Press, [B127.C65 L ] 7. Shun, Kwong-loi. Mencius and Early Chinese Thought. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, [B128.M324 S ] 8. Chan, Charles Wing-hoi. Confucius and Political Loyalism: The Dilemma. Monumenta Serica, Vol. XLIV (1996), Chan, Charles Wing-hoi. Chu Hsi s Theory of Tao-t ung and the Message of the Sages. International Review of Chinese Religion and Philosophy, 1 (March 1996), Tu, Wei-ming. Way, Learning, and Politics: Essays on the Confucian Intellectual. Albany: State University of New York Press, [BL1852.T8 1993] 11. Machle, Edward J. Nature and Heaven in the Xunzi. Albany: State University of New York Press, [B128.H74 M ] 12. Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland. Confucian Discourse and Chu Hsi Ascendancy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, [B127.C65 T ] 13. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing about Rites. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, [DS721.E ] 14. de Bary, William T. Learning for Oneself: Essays on the Individual in Neo-Confucian Thought. New York: Columbia University Press, [B127.N4 D ] 15. de Bary, William Theodore. The Trouble with Confucianism. Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press, [BL1852.D ] 16. Liu, Kwang-ching, ed. Orthodoxy in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press, [DS O ] 17. Gardner, Daniel K. Learning to be a Sage: Selections from the Conversations of Master Chu, Arranged Topically. Berkeley: University of California Press, [B128.C52 E5 1990] 18. Tu, Wei-ming. The Confucian Tradition in Chinese History. In Heritage of China: Contemporary Perspectives on Chinese Civilization. Ed. Paul S. Ropp. 5

6 Berkeley, Los Angeles & Oxford: University of California Press, 1990, [DS721.H ] 19. Tu, Wei-ming. Centrality and Commonality: an Essay on Confucian Religiousness. New York: State University of New York Press, [PL2473.Z7 T8 1989] 20. Chan, Wing-tsit. Chu Hsi: New Studies. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, [B128.C54 C ] 21. Munro, Donald. Images of Human Nature: A Sung Portrait. Princeton: Princeton University Press, [BD450 M ] 22. Chan, Wing-tsit. Exploring the Confucian Tradition. Philosophy East and West, 38:3 (July 1988), Chan, Wing-tsit. Chu Hsi: Life and Thought. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, [B128.C54 C4 1987] 24. Eber, Irene, ed. Confucianism: The Dynamics of Tradition. New York: Macmillan, [BL1852 C ] 25. Schwartz, Benjamin. The World of Thought in Ancient China. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, [B126 S ] 26. Chang, Kwang-chih. Art, Myth, and Ritual: The Path to Political Authority in Ancient China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, [DS C ] 27. de Bary, William T. The Liberal Tradition in China. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, [B127.N4 D ] 28. Ching, Julia. To Acquire Wisdom: The Way of Wang Yang-ming. New York: Columbia University Press, Wright, Arthur F., ed. Confucianism and Chinese Civilization. California: Stanford University Press, [DS727.C ] 30. Munro, Donald. The Concept of Man in Early China. California: Stanford University Press, [BD450 M ] 31. Creel, Herrlee G. Confucius and the Chinese Way. New York : Harper & Row, [B128.C8 C ] 32. Creel, Herrlee G. Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tse-tung. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, [B126.C ] III. Korean Confucianism: 1. Peterson, Mark A. Korean Adoption and Inheritance: Case Studies in the Creation of a Classic Confucian Society. Ithaca, New York: East Asia Program, Cornell University, (HV K6.P ) 2. Palais, James B. Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions: Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, Chung, Edward Y.J. The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T oegye and Yi Yulgok: A Reappraisal of the Four-Seven Thesis and Its Practical Implications for Self-Cultivation. Albany: State University of New York Press, Kalton, Michael C., et al., trans. The Four-Seven Debate: An Annotated Translation of the Most Famous Controversy in Korean Neo-Confucian Thought. Albany: State University of New York Press, [B5253.F68 K ] 5. Lee, Peter H. and Wm. Theodore debary, eds. Sourcebook of Korean Tradition. Vol. I. New York: Columbia University Press, [DS904 S v.1] 6. Lee, Peter H. ed. Sourcebook of Korean Civilization. Vol II. New York: 6

7 Columbia University Press, [DS904 S v.1] 7. Deuchler, Martina. The Confucian Transformation of Korea: A Study of Society and Ideology. Cambridge, Mass: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University Press, [DS D ] 8. Ro, Young-chan. The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi Yulgok. Albany: State University of New York Press, [B5254.Y514 R6 1989] 9. Yi, Hwang. To Become a Sage: The Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning. Translated, edited, and with commentaries by Michael C. Kalton. New York: Columbia University Press, [B5254.Y483 S ] 10. Haboush, JaHyun Kim. A Heritage of Kings: One Man s Monarchy in the Confucian World. New York: Columbia University Press, [DS Y66 H ] 11. debary, Wm. Theodore and JaHyun Kim Haboush, eds. The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in Korea. New York: Columbia UP., [B5253.N45 R ] 12. Lee, Ki-baik. A New History of Korea. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, [DS Y ] 13. Pak, Chong-hong. Historical Review of Korean Confucianism. In Main Currents of Korean Thought. Ed. The Korean National Commission for UNESCO. Oregon: Pace International Research, Inc., 1983, Yi, T ae-jin. Historical Functions of Korean Neo-Confucianism A Proposal for Its Revaluation. In Upper-class Culture in Yi-Dynasty Korea. Ed. Shin-yong Chun. Seoul: International Culture Foundation, 1980, Yang, Key P. and Gregory Henderson. An Outline History of Korean Confucianism: I and II. The Journal of Asian Studies, 18:1 (1959), pp ; 18:2 (1959), IV. Japanese Confucianism: 1. Tucker, John Allen, ed. & trans. Ogyu Sorai s Philosophical Masterworks: The Bendo and Benmei. Association for Asian Studies and the University of Hawaii Press, [B5244.O352 E6 2006] 2. Tucker, John Allen. Ito Jinsai s Gomo jigi and the Philosophical Definition of Early Modern Japan. Leiden: E.J. Brill, [B5244.I763 G ] 3. Yamashita, Samuel Hideo, trans. Master Sorai Responsals: An Annotated Translation of Sorai Sensei Tomosho. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, [B5244.O353 T ] 4. Tucker, Mary Evelyn. Moral and Spiritual Cultivation in Japanese Neo-Confucianism: The Life and Thought of Kaibara Ekken ( ). Albany: State University of New York Press, [B5244.K254 T ] 5. Nakai, Kate Wildman. Shogunal Politics: Arai Hakuseki and the Premises of Tokugawa Rule. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, [DS872.A7 N ] 6. Chan, Charles Wing-hoi. On Ogyu Sorai s Critique of Chu Hsi s Program of Learning to be a Sage. Monumenta Serica, 46 (1998), Koschmann, J. Victor. The Mito Ideology: Discourse, Reform and Insurrection in Late Tokugawa Japan, California: University of California Press, [DS881.K ] 8. Najita, Tetsuo. Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan: The Kaitoku, Merchant Academy of Osaka. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, [DS822.2 N ] 7

8 9. Masahide, Bito. Confucian Thought during the Tokugawa Period. In Religion and the Family in East Asia. Eds. George A De Vos and Takao Sofue. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986, [BL625.6.R ] 10. Bellah, Robert. Tokugawa Religion: The Cultural Roots of Modern Japan. New York: The Free Press; London: Collier MacMillan Publishers, [BL2210.B ] 11. Nosco, Peter, ed. Confucianism and Tokugawa Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press, [B5243.N4 C ] 12. Abe, Yoshio. The Unique Confucian Development of Japan: A Brief Survey and a Few Suggestions. Asian Culture Quarterly, 4:1 (Spring, 1976), Maruyama, Masao. Studies in the Intellectual History of Tokugawa Japan. Trans. Mikiso Hane. Princeton: Princeton University Press, [JA84.J3 M ] 14. Abe, Yoshio. The Characteristics of Japanese Confucianism. Acta Asiatica, 25 (1973), Sources of Japanese Tradition. Compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary... [et al.] ; with collaboration of William Bodiford, Jurgis Elisonas, and Philip Yampolsky ; and contributions by Yoshiko Dykstra... [et al.]. 2 nd ed. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, [DS821.S v.1-2] V. Confucianism in the Modern Age: 1. Liu, Shu-hsien. Essentials of Contemporary Neo-Confucian Philosophy. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, [B5233.N45 L ] 2. Tamney, Joseph B. & Linda Hsueh-Ling Chiang. Modernization, Globalization, and Confucianism in Chinese Societies. Westport, Connecticut & London: Praeger Publishers, [BL1852.T ] 3. debary, Wm. Theodore. Asian Values and Human Rights. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, [JC599.A78 D4 1998] 4. Tu, Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Tradition in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-dragons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, [DS509.3 C ] 5. Tu, Wei-ming, Milan Hejtmanek, and Alan Wachman, eds. The Confucian World Observed: a Contemporary Discussion of Confucian Humanism in East Asia. Honolulu, Hawaii: Institute of Culture and Communication, the East-West Center, [B5233.C6 C ] 6. Rozman, Gilbert, ed. The East Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Adaptation. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, [B5233.C6 E ] 7. Tu, Wei-ming, ed. The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics, Industrial East Asia and Max Weber: Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore Conference on Confucian Ethics and the Modernization of Industrial East Asia. Singapore: The Institute of East Asian Philosophies, [BJ117.S ] 8. Dore, Donald. Taking Japan Seriously: A Confucian Perspective on Leading Economic Issues. California: Stanford University Press, [HC462.9 D ] 9. Tu, Wei-ming. Toward a Third Epoch of Confucian Humanism: A Background Understanding. In Confucianism: The Dynamics of Tradition. Ed. Irene Eber. New York: Macmillan, [BL1852.C ] 10. Metzger, Thomas A. Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China Evolving Political Culture. New York: Columbia University Press,

9 [JA84 C6 M ] 11. Fingarette, Herbert. Confucius: The Secular as Sacred. New York: Harper and Row, [B128.C8 F ] 12. Liu, Shu-hsien. The Confucian Approach to the Problem of Transcendence and Immanence. Philosophy East and West, 22:1 (1972), Liu, Shu-hsien. The Religious Import of Confucian Philosophy: Its Traditional Outlook and Contemporary Significance. Philosophy East and West, 21 (1971), Levenson, Joseph. Confucian China and Its Modern Fate. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, [DS721.L ] 15. Levenson, Joseph. Modern China and Its Confucian Past. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Anchor Books, [DS721.L ] 16. debary Wm. Theodore. A Reappraisal of Neo-Confucianism. In Studies in Chinese Thought. Ed. Arthur F. Wright. The University of Chicago Press, 1953, [B126.S7 1953] VI. Confucianism in the West: 1. Liu, Shu-hsien, John Berthrong and Leonard Swidler, eds. Confucianism in Dialogue Today: West, Christianity & Judaism. PA: Ecumenical Press, [BR128.C43 C ] 2. Neville, Robert Cummings. Boston Confucianism: Portable Tradition in the Late-Modern World. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, [BL1852.N ] 3. Prazniak, Roxann. Dialogues Across Civilizations: Sketches in world History from the Chinese and European Experiences. Boulder: Westview Press, [DS721.P ] 4. Berthrong, John H. All under Heaven: Transforming Paradigms in Confucian-Christian Dialogue. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, [BR128.C43 B ] 5. Ching, Julia, and Willard G. Oxtoby. Moral Enlightenment: Leibniz and Wolff on China. Nettetal: Steyler Verlag, Ching, Julia, and Willard G. Oxtoby, eds. Discovering China: European Interpretations in the Enlightenment. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, [B801.D ] 7. Lee, Peter K. H., ed. Confucian-Christian Encounter in Historical and Contemporary Perspective. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, [BR128.C43 C ] 8. Lee, Thomas H. C., ed. China and Europe: Images and Influences in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, [DS C5 1991] 9. Küng, Hans, and Julia Ching. Christianity and Chinese Religions. New York: Doubleday, [BR128.C4 K ] 10. Gernet, Jacques. China and the Christian Impact: A conflict of Culture. Translated by Janet Lloyd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [BR1285.G ] 11. Young, John D. Confucianism and Christianity: the First Encounter. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, [BR128.C43 Y ] 12. Mungello, David E. Leibniz and Confucianism: The Search for Accord. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, [B2599.C5 M ] 9