Chapter 16: Social Change LECTURE SLIDES

Transcription

1 Chapter 16: Social Change LECTURE SLIDES

2 Getting Warmed Up! Lecture Launcher Questions Select ALL of the following examples that illustrate social change: a. creation of the cell phone b. suffrage movement c. cure for polio d. invention of the automobile 2

3 Getting Warmed Up! Lecture Launcher Questions Match the following ways social change occurs with the corresponding example. a. physical event aa. Civil Rights Movement b. demographic factor bb. Hurricane Charlie c. discovery cc. Baby Boomers aging d. collective action dd. light bulbs

4 Getting Warmed Up! Lecture Launcher Questions Johnny enjoys eating lobsters. Each year, he goes to the Florida Keys for a week during lobster season and catches his daily limit of lobsters. He freezes them and eats them throughout the year. Having a lobster season with strictly enforced catching limitations helps to prevent a. tragedy of the commons. b. a public goods dilemma. c. an environmental catastrophe. d. an environmental riot.

5 Getting Warmed Up! Lecture Launcher Questions Consider the major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theoretical perspective might explore how social movements benefit society by promoting and bringing awareness to particular positive actions, such as recycling? a. structural functionalism b. feminist theory c. symbolic interactionism d. conflict theory

6 Getting Warmed Up! Lecture Launcher Questions The television show Glee can be seen in many countries outside of the United States. This show acts as a medium for spreading American teenage culture and ideas throughout the world. This best exemplifies a. cultural lag. b. globalization. c. cultural imperialism. d. cultural diffusion.

7 Getting Warmed Up! Lecture Launcher Questions The Little House movement encourages people to downsize and live more simply. This best illustrates a. an anti-consumption social movement. b. a regressive social movement. c. a proactive social movement. d. a rebound-oriented social movement.

8 What Is Social Change? Sociologists define social change as the transformation of a culture over time. Social change can be deliberate or unplanned, intended or unintentional. Some changes are more controversial than others.

9 What Is Social Change? (cont d) Sources of social change: 1. Major physical events (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions) 2. Demographic factors (e.g., the aging of Baby Boomers) 3. Discoveries and innovations (e.g., fire, the wheel, the internet)

10 What Is Social Change? (cont d) The most important contributions to social change have been made through collective action (like the Civil Rights Movement).

11 Collective Behavior Collective behavior: a group or crowd of people who form together to take action toward a shared goal

12 Collective Behavior (cont d) Collective behavior can take three forms. 1. Crowd: temporary gathering of individuals (spontaneous or planned) with a common focus 2. Riot: continuous disorderly behavior by a group of people that disturbs the peace and is directed toward other people or property 3. Mass behavior: large groups of people engage in similar behaviors without necessarily being in the same place

13 Theories of Collective Behavior Contagion theory: individuals who join a crowd or mob become infected by a mob mentality and lose the ability to reason.

14 Theories of Collective Behavior (cont d) Emergent norm theory states that: individual members of a crowd make their own decisions about behavior. norms are created through others acceptance or rejection of these behaviors.

15 Mass Behavior Fads: interests or practices followed enthusiastically for a relatively short period of time Fashion: the widespread custom or style of behavior and appearance at a particular time or in a particular place

16 Mass Behavior (cont d) A social dilemma happens when a behavior is rational for an individual but it can lead to collective disaster when practiced by many people. Tragedy of the commons: many individuals overexploit a public resource and deplete or degrade it. Public goods dilemma: individuals must contribute to a collective resource, even though they might not benefit from it.

17 Theory in Everyday Life

18 Collective Behavior (cont d) A social movement refers to any social group with leadership, organization, and an ideological commitment to promote or resist social change.

19 Collective Behavior (cont d) Armand Mauss identified the four stages that social movements tend to go through. 1. Public defines problem 2. People organize 3. Movement becomes bureaucratized 4. Movement begins to decline

20 Emergent Social Movements: Promoting and Resisting Change Activism: any activity intended to bring about social change. Because society is constantly changing, new social movements and different opportunities for activism are constantly emerging.

21 Types of Social Movements Emerging social movements may be characterized by whether they resist or seek to promote social change. Regressive movements attempt to resist social changes, maintain the status quo, or go back to an earlier form of social order. Progressive movements promote forwardthinking social change.

22 Technology and Social Change Sociologists have developed a number of theories to explain the role of technology in social change. One common characteristic of these theories is an emphasis on technological determinism the idea that technology plays a defining role in shaping society.

23 Technology and Social Change (cont d) Cultural lag refers to the time between changes in material culture or technology and the resulting changes in the broader culture s relevant norms, values, meanings, and laws. Cultural diffusion refers to the spread of material and nonmaterial culture to new cultural groups regardless of the movement of people.

24 Technology and Social Change (cont d) Cultural imperialism refers to cultural influence caused by adopting another culture s products rather than by an imposing military force. Cultural leveling is the process by which societies lose their uniqueness and become increasingly similar.

25 Living in a Postmodern World Modernity: the social conditions and attitudes characteristic of industrialized societies, including: the decline of tradition an increase in individualism a belief in progress, technology, and science

26 Living in a Postmodern World (cont d) Postmodernity: the social conditions and attitudes characteristic of postindustrialized societies, including: a focus on the production and management of information skepticism of science and technology

27 Social Change Concept Quiz Large groups of people engaging in similar behavior without necessarily being in the same place is called a. collective behavior. b. emergent behavior. c. mass behavior. d. progressive behavior.

28 Social Change Concept Quiz A type of social dilemma in which individuals must incur a cost to contribute to a collective resource is called the a. tragedy of the commons. b. collective cost dilemma. c. public goods dilemma. d. social contribution dilemma.

29 Social Change Concept Quiz According to Armand Mauss, which of the following stages is NOT one of the stages that social movements tend to go through? a. People organize. b. The movement begins to decline. c. The public defines the problem. d. The movement becomes bureaucratized. e. All of these are stages of a social movement.

30 Social Change Concept Quiz Individuals who join a crowd or mob become infected by a mob mentality and lose the ability to reason. This is a definition of which theory? a. emergent norms theory b. fads c. fashion d. contagion theory

31 Social Change Concept Quiz Crowds can be defined as organized groups of people. a. true b. false

32 Social Change Concept Quiz A social group with leadership, organization, and an ideological commitment to promote or resist social change is a a. crowd. b. commons. c. social movement. d. mass society organization.

33 Social Change Concept Quiz Which of the following theoretical perspectives holds that social change involves changes in the meaning of things as well as changes in laws, culture, and social behavior? a. structural functionalism b. feminism c. conflict theory d. symbolic interactionism

34 Social Change Concept Quiz A theory of social movements that focuses on the actions of oppressed groups who seek rights or opportunities already enjoyed by others in the society is called a. mass society theory. b. contagion theory. c. resource mobilization theory. d. relative deprivation theory.

35 Chapter 16: Participation Questions Have you ever been part of a group that was working toward a shared goal? a. yes b. no

36 Chapter 16: Participation Questions Have you ever engaged in an act of activism (an activity intended to bring about social change)? a. yes b. no

37 Chapter 16: Participation Questions Have you ever engaged in an act of activism (an activity intended to bring about social change)? a. yes b. no

38 Chapter 16: Participation Questions Do you have a Facebook account? a. yes b. no

39 Chapter 16: Participation Questions Have you traveled abroad? If so, did you notice any American influence on the local culture? a. I haven t traveled abroad. b. I have traveled abroad but didn t see much American influence. c. I have traveled abroad, and I saw a little American influence. d. I have traveled abroad, and I saw a lot of American influence.

40 Chapter 16: Data Workshop Activity Refer to the Data Workshop on page 477 to prepare for this activity. We re going to localize this activity instead of looking at national organizations, we re going to look at those on campus. Be prepared to discuss the questions on page 478 with your group and with the class!

41 This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint presentation for Chapter 16. For more learning resources, please visit the StudySpace site for The Real World, 5e at: