India in Transition. Few Words at the Beginning. Which India?: Rural or Urban. About the Speakers. National Symbols of India
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![Somasundaram 2 About the Speakers Thayumanasamy Somasundaram [Soma] FSU](/docs-images/78/78167124/images/1-4.jpg "Assoc Research In the US since 1989 Ph.")
1 Few Words at the Beginning India in Transition Global Gatherings Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram Tallahassee, FL Thanks for the opportunity We are not experts Our personal observations From Southeastern India We speak Tamil, a Dravidian language Part of FSU International Center: Global Gatherings Purple links give credit to original sources April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 2 About the Speakers Thayumanasamy Somasundaram [Soma] FSU Assoc Research In the US since 1989 Ph.D in Chemistry Raised in India till 30 Born in Rural India Gnanabhanu Somasundaram [Gina] Leon County Library In the US since 1992 Engineer Raised in India till 25 Born in Urban India April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 3 Which India?: Rural or Urban Rural/Urban: 70/30% (US 30/70%) Father of India Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gandhiji) India does not live in her cities, she lives in her villages M.K. Gandhi, My Grandfather Sardar A. Vedaratnam Pillai India can attain selfsufficiency only when rural women have education & economic status Indiapost.gov.in April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 4 Which India?: National Geographic or Business Week National Symbols of India Truth Alone Triumphs 1997 National Geographic Steve McCurry 2003 Business Week Namas Bhojani April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 5 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 6 1
2 Geographic Features of India Environment of India India (Bharat) South Asia One of the Oldest Civilizations 2 nd Populace Country ~1/3 US size ~3 time more people Himalayas in North Indian Ocean (S), Bay of Bengal (E) & Arabic Sea (W) Sri Lanka (S), Myanmar & Bangladesh (E), Nepal, Bhutan, & China (N), & Pakistan & Afghanistan (W) North: Himalayas South, East, & West: Seas Latitude (E-W): 10 to 32 N Longitude (N-S): 70 to 90 E Tallahassee (30 N; 84 W) Summer: March to June (Hot Humid Summer) Monsoon: June to October (Rainy Season) Winter: October to March (Mild Winter) April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 7 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 8 Government Independent British Colony: August 15, 1947 Democratic Republic: January 26, 1950 President Head of the State Prime Minister Head of Government Parliament Council of Ministers Supreme Court Independent Judiciary April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 9 Government of India (Central) President Dr. A.P.J. Kalam, Scientist Prime Minister Dr. Man Mohan Singh, Economist Cabinet of Ministers Members of Parliament (MP) Lokh Sabha (People s House) MP elected by people Rajhya Sabha (State s House) Appointed by States April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 10 Government of India (State) Economy of India States are Semi- Independent Head of State Governor Head of Government Chief Minister Cabinet of Ministers Members of Legislative Assembly (Elected) Members of Legislative Council (Appointed) Regional Parties (DMK, TD) National Parties (Congress, Janata Dal) Agrarian Textile Raw Materials Spices Jewelry Back of 5 India Rupees Modern Knowledge-Based Information Technology Communication & Media Customer Service Manufacturing Back of 1000 India Rupees April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 11 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 12 2
3 Economy of India Companies Government Enterprises or Public Sector Firms Natural Resources Garments & Spices Modern Companies Infosys IT Bharati Airtel ICICI Banking Oil & Natural Gas Reliance Diversified ly Rich Family Fortune Tata, Birla, Dalmia, Bajaj & Godrej Industrialists Retail Merchants Land Owners Modern Millionaires Premji (Software) Mittal (Telecom) Shanhgvi (Pharma) Maran (Media) Education in India School (Elementary Middle High) State or Local Local Language College BA MA Professional Mostly in English Many Public Colleges Emphasis on Diploma School State or Local, More Private English & Local Language College Professional Private Colleges Emphasis on Jobs/Skills Population 1.03 Billion 5.3 person/household (2001) Literacy Rate Male: 75% Female : 54% (2001) April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 13 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 14 Science in India Religion in India Inadequate Labs Modern Gadgets Science Power in the Making Secular Country No State Religion Major Religions Hinduism: 75% (Many Ministers) Islam: 12% (President of India) Christianity: 6% (Chief Minister) Sikh (Prime Minister), Jain, Buddhist, & Jews: 7% Hinduism is non proselytizing Ironically Religion is an Uniting Feature Most People Tolerant Very Private Becoming Less Important 2006 C&E News Amanda Yarnell April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 15 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 16 Languages in India Twenty-two (22) Official Languages: Hindi Language of the State English Languages Demarcate States Sanskrit (like Latin) Indo-Iranian-Germanic Branch Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, & Marathi Dravidian Branch Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, and Kannada April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 17 Health Care in India Public Health Services Covers 20% Population Government Doctors & Facilities No Fees! But Wait!!! Pervasive Corruption Lack of Amenities Private Private Doctors & Facilities Pay for Service Get Good Service Attracting Foreigners But Poor Go only when sick So Poor Avoid Services Insurance is Rare < 8% Life Expectancy: 63 (M) 65 (F) (74 & 80 US) Infant Mortality: 60/1000 live births (6/1000 US) April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 18 3
4 Family in India Women in India Family Comes First Joint Families Individuals Less Important Patriarchal System Divorce Rare Social Pressure Economically Dependent Children (4-5) Familial Connections Less Nuclear Families Prominent Individuality No Change Here! Increase in Divorces Social Reality Economically Independent Children (1-2) Took Care of Family Kept Family Together Education Not Emphasized Rarely Worked Outside No Financial Standing Divorce Rare Family Still Important Nuclear Families Education IS Emphasized Many Work Outside Financially Less Dependent Divorces Tolerated April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 19 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 20 Travel in India Tourism in India Travel Dozen International Airports Distant Travel by Train Local Travel by Bus Cars Prevalent But Congested Roads Food Vegetarian Food Bottled Water People Friendly Violent Crime Rare But Petty Crime Common Indian Railways Coastal India April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 21 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 22 Monuments: All Religions Monuments: Temples & Sculptures Lord Bahubali, 11 th Cent, Jainism Halebid, 12 th C., Sculptures Sanchi, Buddhist, 3 BCE Church Our Lady of Health, 18 th Cent. Church Our Lady of Health, 18 th Cent. Kangaikonda Cholapuram Hindu Temple, 11 th Cent Agra Fort, 16 th Cent. April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 23 Modern Zoroastrian Temple Hawa Mahal, 18 th C., Palace April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 24 4
5 Customs and Traditions Customs and Traditions: Dress Food: Wheat Tea Rice Coffee Dress Kurtha Pajama Vaeshti Sari Traditions Influenced by many cultures Less traditional Wide range in rural and urban Very little outside influence More traditional More uniform Caste Based on Family Tradition Maintained in Family level Not in work place April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 25 Cotton, Silk, & Polyester & Casual Colorful & Ornamental Doti, Sari Silk Shirts & Sari 22 Ct Gold Jewelry Shirts & Pants Kurtha, Pajamas Sari Salwar Kameez Silk, Cotton, & Wool Gold & Silver Jewelry Chennai Silks April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 26 Customs and Traditions: Jewelry Customs and Traditions: Food Rasi Silks Tota Ram Use of Spices, Lentil, & Herbs Practicing Vegetarians Idli, Dosai, Vadai Sambar, Chutney, Vegetables Rice, Pickle, & Yogurt Coffee (Milk + Sugar) Roti, Chapati Lentils, Cheese Sweets, Yogurt Tea (Milk + Sugar) April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 27 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 28 Entertainment: Movies Largest producer of movies About 1000 movies/year Bombay (Bollywood) Chennai Kolkata Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, and others Songs and dances are important Story line range from banal to serious Entertainment: Television & Radio Slowly Replacing Movies Doordarshan (State owned) National and Regional Other Television Stations Private Corporations Hindi, Tamil, English language programs News, Sports, Drama, Mini Series Regional (Sun TV) Radio is loosing popularity Urban Stations Popular All India Radio April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 29 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 30 5
6 Entertainment: Dance (Natraj: Shiva) Bharata Natyam Katha Kali Popular Dance Movie Dance Western Rock & Roll Spectators Entertainment: Music Music Hindustani (N India) Vocal Instrumental Carnatic (S India) Vocal Instrumental Popular Music Movies Very Popular Professionals Western Pop Music Urban Areas Clubs April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 31 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 32 Conclusions Which India?: 1007CE or 2007CE India is in Transition Gaining Middle Class Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor Social System is Not Ready No Economic Safety Net Young Entrepreneurs Technological Empowerment Embrace Rural Folks Not Flaunt Wealth But Spread It Government Micro Lending Better Education Job Skills Tanjore Temple 1007CE 2005 Business Week Namas Bhojani April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 33 April 9, Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 34 6
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