POLI 4001: Research Methods in Political Science. Fall 2009

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1 POLI 4001: Research Methods in Political Science Fall 2009 James C. Garand Emogine Pliner Distinguished Professor R. Downs Poindexter Professor Stubbs 205 Phone: (225) Web Page: But is it true? --Aaron Wildavsky Method without substance may be sterile, but substance without method is only fortuitously substantial. --V.O. Key (1958 APSA Presidential Address) Course Description Political observers, scholars, and the mass public raise a wide range of questions about politics, public policy, and political processes. But how do we develop the answers to these questions, and how do we know whether our answers are reasonable? Many people have (informed and uninformed) opinions about these questions, but the task of political scientists is to conduct research that permits us to answer these questions in a systematic, definitive way. Answers to political questions do not magically appear rather, they are developed through careful study and analysis, through the use of carefully crafted rules of evidence. The purpose of this course is to provide a broad overview of research methodology and empirical analysis in political science. This course is not about what we know about politics, but rather how we know about politics. Put another way, how do we design research projects about the political world so that we can be confident in the answers that we get at the end of the research process? Course Requirements and Evaluation Each student will be evaluated on the basis of the following: Research design paper 40% Midterm examination 30% Final examination 30% 1. Research Design Paper. A major research design paper will be required of all students. This paper will involve the design of an original empirical research project on a topic of each student's own choosing that addresses a research question of interest to political scientists. Each student will be

2 2 expected to design a research project that could be used to evaluate the empirical validity of a single testable hypothesis or set of testable hypotheses pertaining to the political phenomenon under study. Each student should begin to consider possible research topics as soon as possible, and should consult with the instructor about potential topics and relevant literature. Each student is expected to obtain approval of the selected topic from the instructor before beginning work, and should be prepared to work closely with the instructor in fine-tuning the proposed research. All research design papers are due on Friday, December 4, 2009 Late papers will be marked down the equivalent of a full letter grade (i.e., 10 points) for the first 0-24 hours the paper is late, as well as an additional letter grade for each subsequent 24 hours the paper is late. All papers should be (1) typed (double spaced), (2) written in accordance with the APSR style manual, (3) proofread for mistakes, and (4) neat and professionally presented. In order to facilitate the completion of papers by the end of the semester, the following suggested timeline for various components of the paper should be met: September 25 October 23 November 13 December 4 Selection of paper topic Draft of introduction and literature review completed Draft of theory and research design sections Final paper completed Detailed information pertaining to the research design paper will be provided in a separate handout. 2. Midterm Examination. A comprehensive midterm examination covering all material from the first half of the course will be required for all students. Information pertaining to the format of the midterm examination will be provided to all students prior to the exam. 3. Final Examination. A comprehensive final examination covering all material from the second half of the course will be required for all students. Information pertaining to the format of the final examination will be provided to all students prior to the exam. The midterm and final exams are mandatory, and make-up exams will be given only under special circumstances. Students who have a serious pre-arranged conflict with an exam are expected to contact the instructor in writing no later than three days prior to the exam. Students who are ill on exam day or who have a family or personal emergency are expected to contact the instructor in writing no later than 24 hours after the exam period to be permitted to take a make-up exam. All makeup exams will be administered during the week of final exams. Required Reading The following book has been ordered and is available at the University bookstore: Chava Frankfort-Nachmias and David Nachmias, Research Methods in the Social Sciences (7 th edition) (ISBN: X) In addition to this book, there are additional readings that will be required for the course. All additional readings will be made available to students via . Each student is expected to complete readings prior to the class for which they are assigned.

3 3 Graduate Assistant Caroline Payne 310 Stubbs Hall Office Hours Garand: Wednesday afternoon, 1:00 to 3:00 Other hours by appointment Payne: Tuesday morning, 8:00 to 9:00, 10:30 to 11:30 Thursday morning, 8:00 to 9:00, 10:30 to 11:30 Other hours by appointment Academic Misconduct Statement Academic misconduct is defined by the Code of Student Conduct. You are encouraged to familiarize yourself with the LSU policy on academic misconduct, particularly regarding plagiarism. The LSU Code of Student Conduct can be found on the web site for the LSU Dean of Students: Academic misconduct is a serious violation of university policy, but more importantly it is a significant scholarly violation for political scientists. Plagiarism and other forms of academic misconduct will not be tolerated in this course. Charges of academic misconduct will be turned over to the Dean of Students for appropriate disciplinary action. Classroom Conduct The rules relating to classroom conduct are based on the principle that students should not disrupt the learning opportunities of other students. Students will refrain from behavior in the classroom that intentionally or unintentionally disrupts the learning process and, thus, impedes the mission of the university. This includes disruptive behavior such as arriving late, leaving early, and conversing privately during class. Students are prohibited from engaging in any forms of distraction. Students engaging in inappropriate behavior in the classroom will be required to leave class. Regarding electronic equipment, cellular telephones and pagers must be turned off and put away before the class begins. In addition, laptop computers may not be used in class. Finally, please note: Students may not film or record this class without permission.

4 4 About the Instructor James C. Garand (Ph.D., University of Kentucky, 1984) is the Emogene Pliner Distinguished Professor of Political Science and the R. Downs Poindexter Professor of Political Science at Louisiana State University. In additional to holding named professorships in the Department of Political Science, he serves on the faculty of the Manship School of Mass Communication and is a Senior Fellow at the Reilly Center for Media and Public Affairs. Professor Garand has teaching and research interests in the fields of legislative politics, electoral politics, public opinion, public policy, state politics, domestic political economy, and methodology and statistics. His research on a wide range of topics in American politics has been published in numerous journals, including the American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Politics, British Journal of Political Science, Political Research Quarterly, Western Political Quarterly, Comparative Political Studies, American Politics Research (formerly American Politics Quarterly), Public Choice, Electoral Studies, Social Science Quarterly, and Legislative Studies Quarterly. His coedited book, Before the Vote: Forecasting American National Elections, was published by Sage Publications in Professor Garand received the 2006 LSU Distinguished Research Master Award in recognition of outstanding faculty accomplishments in research and scholarship. He was President of the Southern Political Science Association in 2004, and he is also former president of the State Politics Section of the American Political Science Association. He served as Vice-President and Program Chair in 2001 for the Southern Political Science Association. Professor Garand is former editor of the American Politics Quarterly, one of the leading subfield journals in American politics. He currently serves on the editorial boards of the American Politics Research, Journal of Political Marketing, and Ralph Bunche Journal of Public Affairs, and he is a former member of the editorial boards of the American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Politics, State Politics and Policy, and Legislative Studies Quarterly. His current research agenda includes numerous projects relating to the study of American politics. Professor Garand has received numerous faculty awards. In 1997 Professor Garand received the LSU Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Award in recognition of sustained excellence in teaching, research, and service. In 2001 he received the LSU Foundation Distinguished Faculty Award in recognition of his excellence in graduate teaching, and in 1990 he received the university-wide Student Government Association Teaching Excellence Award for undergraduate teaching. He is also a recipient of the Alpha Lambda Delta Freshman Honor Society certificate of recognition for superior instruction of freshman students during the Fall 2000 semester. Recent publications (since 2000): James E. Campbell and James C. Garand (editors), Before the Vote: Forecasting American National Elections, Sage Publications, James C. Garand, Micheal Giles, Andre Blais, and Iain McLean, Political Science Journals in Comparative Perspective: Evaluating Scholarly Journals in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdon, PS: Political Science and Politics (2009: forthcoming). N. Susan Gaines and James C. Garand, Morality, Locality, or Equality: Analyzing Determinants in Support for Same-Sex Marriage, Political Research Quarterly (December 2009: forthcoming). N. Kim Nguyen and James C. Garand, Partisan Strength and Nonpartisanship among Asian Americans, American Politics Research (May 2009: ). Iain McLean, André Blais, James C. Garand, and Micheal Giles, Authors Response to Reviews, Political Studies Review (January 2009: 88-92).

5 5 Recent publications (since 2000) (continued): Iain McLean, André Blais, James C. Garand, and Micheal Giles, Comparative Journal Rankings: A Survey Report, Political Studies Review (January 2009: 18-38). Micheal W. Giles and James C. Garand, Ranking Political Science Journals: Reputational and Citational Approaches, PS: Political Science and Politics (October 2007: ). Timothy Power and James C. Garand, Determinants of Invalid Voting in Latin America, Electoral Studies (June 2007: ). James C. Garand and Kelly M. Burke, Legislative Activity and the 1994 Republican Takeover: Exploring Changing Patterns of Sponsorship and Cosponsorship in the U.S. House, American Politics Research (March 2006: ). James C. Garand, 2004 SPSA Presidential Address: Fragmentation and Integration in Political Science: Exploring Patterns of Scholarly Communication in a Divided Discipline, Journal of Politics (November 2005: ). Dorothy Daley and James C. Garand, Horizontal Diffusion, Vertical Diffusion, and Internal Pressure in State Environmental Policy Making , American Politics Research (September 2005: ). Carolina Fornos, Timothy Power, and James C. Garand, "Explaining Voter Turnout in Latin America, ," Comparative Political Studies (October 2004: ) James C. Garand and Branwell Dubose Kapeluck, "Understanding Surpluses, Deficits, and Debt in the American States, ," in Louis Imbeau and Francois Petry (eds.), Politics, Institutions, and Fiscal Policy: Public Deficits and Surpluses in Federated States (Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 2004). Philip Ardoin and James C. Garand, "Measuring Constituency Ideology in U.S. House Districts: A Top-Down Simulation Approach," Journal of Politics (November 2003: ). James C. Garand and Micheal Giles, Journals in the Discipline: A Report on a New Survey of American Political Scientists, PS: Political Science and Politics (April 2003: ). Christine LeVeaux and James C. Garand, "Race-Based Redistricting, Core Constituencies, and Legislative Responsiveness," Social Science Quarterly (March 2003: 32-51). James C. Garand and Kyle Baudoin, Spending, Taxes, and Deficits: Fiscal Policy in the American States, in Virginia Gray and Russell Hanson (eds.), Politics in the American States (8 th edition) (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2003). Elizabeth Corey and James C. Garand, "Are Government Employees More Likely to Vote? An Analysis of Turnout in the 1996 U.S. National Election," Public Choice (April 2002: ). Christine LeVeaux Sharpe and James C. Garand, "Race, Roll Calls, and Redistricting: The Impact of Majority-Minority Districts on Congressional Roll-Call Voting," Political Research Quarterly (March 2001: 31-52). James C. Garand and Marci Glascock Lichtl, "Explaining Divided Government in the United States: Testing an Intentional Model of Split-Ticket Voting," British Journal of Political Science (January 2000: ). James Campbell and James C. Garand, "Introduction: Forecasting U.S. National Elections," in James E. Campbell and James C. Garand (eds.), Before the Vote: Forecasting American National Elections (Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 2000).

6 6 Course Outline August 25 History and overview of Political Science August 27 History and overview of Political Science (continued) September 1 What is politics? What is science? Can we study politics scientifically? Chapter 1 King, Keohane, and Verba, Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research, Chapter 1. Hill, The Lamentable State of Science Education in Political Science, PS: Political Science and Politics (March 2002: ). Hill, Myths about the Physical Sciences and their Implications for Teaching Political Science, PS: Political Science and Politics (July 2004: ). September 3 September 8 September 10 What is politics? What is science? Can we study politics scientifically? (continued) Scientific explanation, causation, and prediction Philosophy of social science: How does science progress? Polsby, Social Science and Scientific Change: A Note on Thomas S. Kuhn s Contribution, Annual Review of Political Science (1998: ). September 15 Elements of the research process Frankfort-Nachmias and Nachmias Research Methods in the Social Sciences,, Chapter 3 Philliber, Schwab, and Sloss, Social Research: Guides to a Decision Making Process, chapter 2. September 17 Concepts and concept formation Chapter 2 Kotowski, Revolution, chapter 8 in Sartori, Social Science Concepts. Eulau and Karps, The Puzzle of Representation: Specifying Components of Responsiveness, Legislative Studies Quarterly (August 1977: ).

7 7 Course Outline (continued) September 22 Theory and model development Schneider and Ingram, Behavioral Assumptions of Policy Tools, Journal of Politics (May 1990: ). Shepsle and Boncheck, Rationality: The Model of Choice, chapter 2 in Analyzing Politics: Rationality, Behavior, and Institutions. Rohde, Risk-Bearing and Progressive Ambition: The Case of the U.S. House of Representatives, American Journal of Political Science (February 1979: 1-26). Thompson, Can Game Theory Predict When Iran Will Get the Bomb? New York Times Magazine (August 16, 2009). September 24 September 29 Theory and model development (continued) Operationalizing concepts: indicators and measurement October 1 Fall Holiday Chapter 7 Sullivan, Piereson, and Marcus, An Alternative Concepetualization of Political Tolerance: Illusory Increases, 1950s-1970s, American Political Science Review (September 1979: ). Garand and Blais, Understanding Joint Support for Government Spending and Taxes: Linking Benefits and Costs in the Mass Public, paper presented at the 2003 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. October 6 Research design: general considerations Chapter 5 October 8 Research designs: experimental designs McDermott, Experimental Methods in Political Science, Annual Review of Political Science (2002: 31-61). Iyengar, Peters, and Kinder, Experimental Demonstrations of the Not-So- Minimal Consequences of Television News Programs, American Political Science Review (December 1982: ). Gerber and Green, The Effect of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment, American Political Science Review (September 2000: ). October 13 Research designs: quasi-experimental designs Chapter 6

8 8 October 15 Midterm Exam October 20 Strategies for data collection Chapters 8-13 Seligson, Improving the Quality of Survey Research in Democratizing Countries, PS: Political Science and Politics (January 2005: 51-56). October 22 Strategies for data collection (continued) October 27 Strategies for data collection (continued) October 29 Strategies for studying individuals and aggregates Jennings and Markus, Partisan Orientations over the Long Haul: Results from the Three-Wave Political Socialization Panel Study, American Political Science Review (December 1984: ). Alford, Funk, and Hibbing, Are Political Orientations Genetically Transmitted, American Political Science Review (May 2005: ). November 3 The politics of social and political research Maisel and Stone, The Politics of Government-Funded Research: Notes from the Experience of the Candidate Emergence Study, PS: Political Science and Politics (December 1998: ). Glenn, Calculated Risks: Harvard Professor Says Smokers Know Exactly What They re Doing, Chronicle of Higher Education (May 31, 2002: A14). Rothman, Lichter, and Nevitte, Politics and Professional Advancement among College Faculty, The Forum (205: 1-16). November 5 Ethics and political research Chapter 4. Milgram, Behavioral Study of Obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (1963: ). Martinson, Anderson, and De Vries, Science Behaving Badly, Nature (June 2005: ). National Institutes of Health, The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. King, Replication, Replication, PS: Political Science and Politics (September 1995: ). November 10 Ethics and political research (continued)

9 9 November 12 Quantitative data analysis (7) Chapters November 17 November 19 November 24 November 26 Quantitative data analysis (continued) Quantitative data analysis (continued) Quantitative data analysis (continued) Thanksgiving Holiday December 1 Quantitative data analysis (continued) December 3 Quantitative data analysis (continued) TBA Final Exam 27 class meetings